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Knotweed (Reynoutria sp.) plants are known in the world mainly as invasive plants. However, it is known that their rhizomes or leaves contain secondary metabolites with biological activity. Our goal was to determine which of the three knotweed plants (Reynoutria japonica, Reynoutria × bohemica, and Reynoutria sachalinensis) is most suitable for seed growth stimulation. We tested alcoholic extracts of all three knotweed species by seed priming method on wheat germination and seedling characteristics, when 12 measured characteristics were monitored. Extracts from all three species of Reynoutria sp. generally showed an improvement in wheat germination and growth compared to the control. R. × bohemica appears to be the best source for stimulating wheat growth, as seedling vigor indexes I and II, R/S dry weight, shoot and seedling lengths, root, shoot, and seedling dry weights were significantly different (ANOVA, Duncan's test, α < 0.05). The plants Reynoutria spp. seem to be possible sources for the protection and stimulation of agriculture crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, C. spinosa was used to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles using green synthesis, and an alcoholic extract of C. spinosa was used to coat them. The resulting Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed high IC50 activity against HTC116 cancer cells. We characterized the prepared Fe3O4-NP powder for phase size, shape, crystallographic arrangement, chemical composition, and surface charge using TEM, FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential. Zeta potential confirmed NP surface charges -18.9 mV for Fe3O4 and -25 mV for Fe3O4 coated alcoholic extract, whereas XRD confirmed crystal shapes, and the FTIR study, functional groups at 505, 378, and 555 cm-1 showed Fe-O linkages in A1 (alcoholic extract), A2 (Fe3O4, green synthesis), and A3 (alcoholic extract coated with Fe3O4). C. spinosa exhibited C=C stretching at 1539 and 1558 cm-1, while functional groups A1, A2, and A3 observed C=O stretching at 1626, 1647, and 1743 cm-1. The green synthesis had spherical aggregates with an average size of 24.6±5.7 nm, and the alcoholic extract-coated synthesis had 27.3±7.5 nm. This was true even though the NPs had a crystal structure. Then, TEM measured 8.9±2.26 and 11.2±6.8 nm Fe3O4-NP thicknesses. The XRD analysis of the Fe3O4-NPs were 7.72 and 8.9 nm, respectively. The study found that Fe3O4 nanocomposites had the best IC50 at 32.49 µg/mL and the highest average viability at 20 µg/mL in code C. Following it were code B at 64.24 4.73% with an IC50 of 52.32 g/mL and code A at 69.25 1.07% with an IC50 of 78.95 g/mL. Code C had the lowest cell viability for HDF at 20 µg/mL, at 75.27±7.90%, with an IC50 of 569.47 µg/mL. Codes B and A came in second and third, with IC50s of 488.23 and 243.77 µg/mL, respectively, which was in line with what the literature said would happen. Following lengthy procedures, it may be a promising drug in the future.

In recent years, the use of synthetic antioxidants has been limited due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, studies to find new herbal compounds have been considered in the treatment, reduction and prevention of oxidative effects. At the current study, the ethanolic extract was prepared from the seeds, leaves and stems of milk thistle, Silybum marianum. After irradiation of the extracts with doses of 10, 20 and 30 KGy of gamma ray, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent at 263 nm, the percentage of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity were investigated. On the results of free radical scavenging DPPH and ABTS tests: Seed extract and treated extracts by dose of 20 KGy gamma ray showed significant increase in TPC and antioxidant activity to leaves and stems and compare to the other doses of gamma rays, respectively (P<0.05). Therefore, componed on the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants and the obtained results can be suggested replacing synthetic antioxidants with milk thistle seed in particular. In addition, Current results suggested that applying gamma irradiated milk thistle seed extract at a dose of 20 kGy as a functional feed additive for aquatic animals would be a promising strategy for protecting them from oxidative stress and inflammation induced especially by High-fat diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) petals against some of the most important food-borne bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli in vitro. According to the results, all three aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of saffron petals (at concentration of 350 mg/ ml) showed significant inhibitory effect on the studied food-borne bacteria. However, the aqueous extract of saffron petal showed higher antibacterial activity against the studied bacteria compared to other two extracts and its inhibitory effect on the studied gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus was significantly higher than gram-negative bacterium E. coli. The results of the MIC determinations of aqueous extract of saffron petals showed that concentrations lower than 43.75 mg/ml did not inhibit the growth of B. cereus and S. aureus bacteria, while MIC values were lower for E. coli and L. monocytogenes bacteria. According to the results, saffron petal, especially its aqueous extract, has the potential to be used as a natural preservative in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butter is a perishable food, and its microbial deterioration occurs in refrigeration conditions, leading to a reduction in shelf life and a loss of sensory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chia seed extract (CSE) on the microbial and sensory properties of pasteurized sweet cream butter at 2°C. Ethanolic extract of chia seeds was prepared and added to the butter samples in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% (v/w), and its effects on microbiological and sensory quality were evaluated at 15‐day intervals during 60‐day refrigerated storage. The results indicated that the addition of 0.25% and 0.5% CSE to butter treatments decreased total viable counts by 0.25–0.6 log CFU/g, total psychrotrophic counts by 1–1.5 log CFU/g, and coliform counts by 3–4 log CFU/g compared to the control sample on days 45 and 60 of storage. Moreover, concentrations of 0.1%–0.5% CSE reduced mold and yeast counts by 1.5–2.6 log CFU/g on days 30–60 of storage compared to the control sample. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in any samples during storage. CSE had a significant effect on the sensory properties (except for aroma) of the butter samples during the 60‐day storage. The best color, flavor, and overall acceptance scores were assigned to the treatments containing 0.1%–0.5% CSE compared to the control sample. It could be concluded that adding 0.1% and 0.25% CSE to refrigerated and pasteurized butter can retard microbial spoilage and improve its sensory properties at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the effect of alcoholic Gundelia tourneofortti L. extract on lipid profile and the balance of microbial flora in the intestines of laboratory rats when infected with Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The study was used 20 laboratory rats (Albino Sprague - Dawley) at the age of 7-8 weeks, with an average weights 143-148 gm, divided into four groups, with five replications, and the inhibition activity Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied by the concentrations of 200, 400 and 600 µg/ml of the extract using the well diffusion assay method. The results found an increase in the alcoholic extraction effectiveness by increasing its concentration and that the alcoholic extraction was the most effective compared with aqueous extract, with the highest inhibition diameter of 30 mm at a concentration of 600 µg/ml. The results also show an increase (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) petals against some of the most important food-borne bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli in vitro. According to the results, all three aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of saffron petals (at concentration of 350 mg/ ml) showed significant inhibitory effect on the studied food-borne bacteria. However, the aqueous extract of saffron petal showed higher antibacterial activity against the studied bacteria compared to other two extracts and its inhibitory effect on the studied gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus was significantly higher than gram-negative bacterium E. coli. The results of the MIC determinations of aqueous extract of saffron petals showed that concentrations lower than 43.75 mg/ml did not inhibit the growth of B. cereus and S. aureus bacteria, while MIC values were lower for E. coli and L. monocytogenes bacteria. According to the results, saffron petal, especially its aqueous extract, has the potential to be used as a natural preservative in the food industry.

This study assessed the impact of an alcoholic extract of Citrus aurantium leaves on the mortality percentages in the larvae and pupae of house flies, Musca domistica, and was carried out in the Advanced Entomology Laboratory in the Department of Biology at the Girls College of Education at the University of Kufa in 2022. The results indicated an increase in the mortality percentages of larvae in the first and third stars of the house fly, Musca domistica with increasing concentrations used. In this study, the highest mortality percentages were recorded after three days of treatment with a concentration of 50 mg/ml (100 and 61%) in the first and third instar larvae, respectively. The effect of the alcoholic extract on some biological aspects when treating the third instar larvae of houseflies, as it led to a decrease in pupation percentages to 24% when treating pupae with a concentration of 50 mg/ml, and the pupal deformation percentages to 24% and a decrease in adult emergency percentages to 0% when treating pupae with the alcoholic extract of Citrus aurantium leaves at a concentration of 50 mg/ml, which increased the pupal deformation to 50% and decreased adult emergency percentages to 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explored the preservative effects of the alcoholic leaves’ extract of Ficus carica plant on beef refrigerated for 15 days. Phytochemical analysis showed that the plant extract contained terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the alcoholic extract of plants significantly reduced the total viable counts of psychrotrophic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Salmonella typhimiurum, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus), and yeasts (Candida kruse, Candida lambica, and Zygosaccharomyces) isolated from meat samples, particularly at 100 and 200 mg/ml concentrations. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by using TBA and TVN values. The results showed that meat samples treated with 100 and 200 mg/ml of the alcoholic extract of F. carica had significantly lower TBA values (25, 0.24 mg/kg respectively) on day 5 which became 0.92, 0.53 mg/kg on day 15. Whereas the control values increased from 0.25 to 1.75 mg/kg on day 15,f ollowed by the TVN values of treatment meat samples with 100 and 200 mg/ml 5.57, 5.12 mg N/100 g meat respectively on day 5 which became 12.16, 10.65 mg N/ 100 g meat on day 15, while the TVN in control samples increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 7.35 to 15.76 mg N/100 g meat. All results confirmed that the alcoholic extract of F. carica, which is rich in bioactive compounds is more effective as a natural antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant, than synthetic antioxidants that maintain the quality of beef, compared to the control by reducing lipid oxidation and microbial growth at refrigeration temperatures, especially at 100 and 200 mg/ml concentrations of the plant extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was aimed to evaluate effect of bell pepper alcoholic extract ointment in wound healing of male wistar rats. Twenty for male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Experimental wound was induced on the anterior dorsal side of each Wistar rat. Group A served as control and received basal formulation ointment. Groups B, C and D received 2 and 4 and 6 percentage of bell pepper alcoholic extract. Wound healing activity as a closure percentage was determined on days five, 15 and 25 post operations. The number of fibroblast and macrophages, collagen deposition and neovascularization were assessed on 4, 8, 15 and 25 days after wound incision. Data showed that the wound area significantly decreased in bell pepper alcoholic extract treated groups compared to control group on days five, 15 and 25 post operations, respectively (P=0.05). Application of bell pepper alcoholic extract, increased fibroblast and macrophages distribution and up regulated the new vessels formation and collagen deposition on days 4, 8, 15 and 25 and 30 after wound induction significantly (P=0.05). In conclusion we suggested that the bell pepper alcoholic extract application at 2, 4, and 6 percentages was useful for wound healing in male Wistar rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study included the effect of Alium sativum aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the growth of bacteria and fungi isolated from the study The following types of bacteria appeared:Pseudomouas aeruginosa ,Aeromonas salmonicida ,Escherichia coli Using the diffusion method The aqueous extract was shown to be somewhat higher than the alcoholic extract in inhibiting the above-mentioned bacteria, In the past three decades, disease-resistant fungi and bacteria have emerged it caused major health problems all over the world through the pharmaceutical industry produced quantities of antibiotics. Unfortunately, resistance to antibiotics is increasingly important. Find plants with antifungal and antibacterial activity it has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the development of resistance. On the other hand, it is known that free radicals play an essential role in many diseases. Biochemical damage caused by free radicals to cells and tissues. If the average inhibition diameters at a concentration of 100% for the aqueous extract were (20.16.18) mm, respectively While the rates of inhibition diameters for the alcoholic extract reached (17,14,16) mm, respectively. As for the fungi isolated from the study, they are: Aspergillus .niger ,Rhizopus stolonifer . : Aspergillus candidus .Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus flavus . Aspergillus ochraceus It was found that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the isolated fungi when using the method of diffusion with the medium

The genus Viscum comprises a large number of semi-parasitic shrubs popularly known as Mistletoe. The Viscum species grow in many countries of Europe, Africa and Asia with different popular uses in ornamentation, foods and medicine. Many studies about Viscum have been done over the last years focusing on biological activities and chemical composition of the aqueous extracts, mainly related to anthroposophical medicines. However, it is known that non-aqueous preparations, as alcoholic extracts, have demonstrated different biological activities that are species—and host tree—dependent. Considering the potential of these alcoholic extracts, a scoping review was conducted using data from three online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Embase. Inclusion criteria consisted of the in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, clinical and chemical studies of alcoholic extracts from Viscum species. The present review summarized 124 original publications about fourteen Viscum species. Viscum album, Viscum articulatum and Viscum coloratum were the main studied species. Alcoholic extracts demonstrated hypotensive, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory capabilities, among other biological activities. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and terpenoids represented 48%, 24% and 11% of the total identified compounds, respectively. This review contributes to the knowledge of alcoholic preparations of the Viscum species and points out the lack of clinical studies concerning these different extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of alone and combined treatment of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Methenolone Enanthate (ME) on morphometric parameters of humerus and femur in young rats. In this study, 36 five–week–old Wistar Albino rats were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups; Control group (n:6, normal saline solution, 0.2 mL·rat-1, subcutaneously –SC–), TCAE group (Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract, 0.2 mL·rat-1, SC), ME group (Methenolone Enanthate), 10 mg·kg-1, intramuscularly –IM–) and TCAE + ME group (Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract, 0.2 mL·rat-1, SC + Methenolone Enanthate, 10 mg·kg-1, IM). Drug treatments were done once a week for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all the animals were euthanized and their humerus and femur bones were resected and their morphometric parameters were determined. No statistical differences were determined (P>0.05) between the groups in terms of the anatomical reference points (length, corpus thickness, cavum medullare diameter, and cortex thickness) of humerus and femur bones. In conclusion, it was found that alone and combined treatments of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract and ME (at normal dose) had no effects on morphometric parameters of humerus and femur bones in rats in the growing period. However, these effects may not be observed at high–dose and long–term treatments in rats.

This study was conducted in quail as a particular work for the of histopathological disorders between Sept6, 2018 Nov23, 2018 (77 days), to determine the effect of adding cinnamon alcohol extract to diets in ovulation and the fertility rate of the ovary and oviduct tissue in the quail, there are (3 treatments), and they were divided into 12 cages, each group consists of 10 males with 5 females. In the first group, quails were fed on a standard diet without any additives, while in the second treatment, 300 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of cinnamon was added to the quails’ diet, and the third treatment include the addition of 400mg.kg-1 of alcoholic cinnamon extract powder, the results of the histological study showed that the quail diet includes alcoholic cinnamon extract of additives (400 mg per kg) a physiological reproductive activity changes, ovulation and fertility rate were increased without any side effects. In conclusion, the results showed an increase in growth rate and cilia number and ciliated epithelial layer cells in their numbers and shapes in the oviduct, despite the rapid growth and rapid ovulation, unless there was no change in the shape of the egg or a change in its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was condected to study the effect of methods of adding redginseng root on physiologically parameters of ISABrown. Atotal of 60 birds, 43 weak were used, it was distributed among four treatments divided into four cages, was divided to 3 parts so that each part have 5 birds (15 pertreatment). The treatments were as follows: T1 (controltreatment): the usual diet was given without any additives. T2: Add the alcoholic extract to the drink water at a rate of 1 g / 1 L. T3: It was fed on a diet with redginseng root powder add at a rate of 1g/kg of feed. T4: The aqueous extract of the redginseng root was added to the drinking water at a ratio of 10 ml / L. The results indicated a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in blood parameters (cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, albumin, globuline and total protien), in the treatment of adding alcohol extract in drinking water compared to the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greater wax moth was reared on its natural food consisting mainly of beeswax, and the various life stages of this insect were obtained. The results of the study showed that the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Myrtus communis L. leaves causes increase in mortality percentages of eggs and fourth instars larvae of the greater wax moth. In addition, there was a direct relationship between the extract concentrations used and the mortality rate of eggs and larvae. The alcoholic extract of the leaves was more effective in eggs and larval mortality percentages than the aqueous extract. Eggs at 24 h were more sensitive to the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the leaves than eggs at 72 and 120 h. The sensitivity of eggs to extracts decreased by age. The results showed that the gastric effects of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the M. communis leaves were higher on the mortality rate in the fourth instar larvae than in the contact effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research evaluated the efficiency of alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits of the Solanum nigrum and investigated their effectiveness against the immature stages of the blue fly with 24-hour age at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/ml at the temperature of 30±1°C and relative humidity of 60±5%. It was revealed that the alcoholic extract of the fruits had the highest effect on killing the eggs of blue fly at all concentrations; accordingly, the death rates were estimated at 89.11% and 42.43% at the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, respectively, compared to that in the control, accounting for 9.27% mortality. It was also found that the alkaloid extract of the leaves of the plant outperformed in recording the highest rates of killing the eggs of blue fly, with death rates of 88.83% and 31.14% in the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, compared to the control group, amounting to 10.40%. Regarding the larval stages, the first stage was more sensitive than the other larval stages to all extracts of leaves and fruits of the plant. The highest mortality rates of the three larval stages were achieved by using the alcoholic extract of the fruits with the highest concentration of 20 mg/ml, compared to the alcoholic extract of the leaves; accordingly, the death rates of the third larval stage reached the highest rates of 57.11%, 68.20%, and 88.69% for the alcoholic extract of fruits and 53.19%, 68.64%, and 89.11% for that of leaves. The recorded data showed that the alkaloid extract of the S. nigrum leaves led to the highest mortality rates, compared to the alkaloid extract of the fruits, for all larval instars and at all concentrations. The mortality rates of the third larval stage with the highest concentration were 58.13% and 67.64%, respectively. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the chemical compounds in the alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits showed the presence of chemical compounds of varying numbers. The numbers of chemical compounds in the alcoholic extract of the leaves and fruits were 10 and 9, respectively, while it reached 17 and 23 for the alkaloid extract of the leaves and fruits of the plant, respectively.

Knotweed (Reynoutria sp.) plants are known in the world mainly as invasive plants. However, it is known that their rhizomes or leaves contain secondary metabolites with biological activity. Our goal was to determine which of the three knotweed plants (Reynoutria japonica, Reynoutria × bohemica, and Reynoutria sachalinensis) is most suitable for seed growth stimulation. We tested alcoholic extracts of all three knotweed species by seed priming method on wheat germination and seedling characteristics, when 12 measured characteristics were monitored. Extracts from all three species of Reynoutria sp. generally showed an improvement in wheat germination and growth compared to the control. R. × bohemica appears to be the best source for stimulating wheat growth, as seedling vigor indexes I and II, R/S dry weight, shoot and seedling lengths, root, shoot, and seedling dry weights were significantly different (ANOVA, Duncan's test, α < 0.05). The plants Reynoutria spp. seem to be possible sources for the protection and stimulation of agriculture crops., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. Metronidazole is currently used for the treatment of trichomoniasis, which has side effects. In recent years, the use of plants has been considered by researchers. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-trichomonal activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.Methods: In this experimental study, the extracts were prepared, and to evaluate the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel on Trichomonas vaginalis parasites, the concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 µg/ml were prepared. Metronidazole and TYM medium were considered positive and negative controls, respectively. Afterward, 105 live parasites were added to all wells, and all groups were kept at 37°C. Live parasites were counted at 24 and 48 h intervals by Trypan Blue using a neobar slide microscope (Hemocytometer). Also, the effect of metronidazole (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 µg/ml) was investigated as a drug control. Subsequently, the IC50 value for the above extract was calculated using GraphPad Prism 9. It should be noted that all steps of the experiment were performed in triplicate and the results were considered as average.Results: The IC50 of aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel on Trichomonas vaginalis were calculated at 226.3, 109.9 μg/ml after 24h and 60.16 and 32.6 μg/ml after 48h, respectively. The IC50 of metronidazole was calculated at 0.28 and 0.1 μg/ml after 24h and 48h. The highest mortality rate (100%) was observed at a concentration of 3200 μg/ml after 24h of exposure.Conclusion: While the aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel has an anti-Trichomonas effect, the anti-Trichomonas properties of the alcoholic extract are more than its aqueous extract. Further and more comprehensive studies are suggested to investigate this plant's constituents and the parasite's lethal effect in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Regarding the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects of Salvia officnalis (S. officinalis) extracts and the use of medicinal herbs as an alternative to chemical drugs, this study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic changes and reduction of hepatocyte damage in mice poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) after treatment with aqueous and alcoholic extract of Salvia officnalis. A total of 40 adult male mice were divided into eight groups including six experimental, one negative, and one positive control group, which were exposed to CCl4 at the concentration of 2.3 mg/kg. The active compounds in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of S. officinalis were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, S. officinalis extract in 100, 200, and 300 mg /kg doses were fed orally to mice for six days. The enzymes (GST, ALP, ALT, AST, and MDA) were determined in mice serum. The study results showed that enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the group treated with S. officinalis extract, and the concentration of 300mg/kg proved to be most effective. In addition, it was indicated that the alcoholic extract had a higher effect than the aqueous extract, which might be due to the greater amount of active compounds in the alcoholic extract. The improving effects of S. officinalis can be attributed to the bioactive components with antioxidant properties that inhibit the damaging effects of free radicals, chemical drugs, and tissue damage.

The importance of using different medicinal plants indicates their health and valuable effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects and etc. In this research, the effect of alcoholic extract and essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum on Escherichia coli was investigated. The effect of the plant on this microorganism as a gram negative was evaluated and important indicator of poisoning and diarrhea at levels of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 mg/ml of broth culture media. By dilution method using liquid culture media, minimum growth inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined. The results of this study indicated increasing the concentration of extract and essential oil in the studied area increased their antibacterial effect and the most inhibitory effect was on essential oil which means that the minimum inhibitory concentration for ethanolic extract and essential oil was 8 and 6 mg/ml, respectively. Similar results were observed in relation to MBC. Also, by comparing the obtained results, it was deduced that the inhibitory effect of the essential oil used in this study on E. coli was greater than the clove extract and the essential oil of the cloves had a more antibacterial role than extract. Eugenol, eugenol acetate, cavicol and beta-caryophyllene were observed in GC-MS analysis and the difference in the content of bioactive ingredient eugenol further confirmed this antimicrobial effect.

This paper presents the evaluation of antibacterial activity of some plant alcoholic extracts over bacteria in milk as an alternative to current antibiotics. Tests were conducted on alcoholic extracts from sage (Salvia officinalis), two hop species Brewers Gold and Perle and two essential oils (rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis and lavender - Lavandula angustifolia). The antibacterial susceptibility has been evaluated over 24 strains isolated from normal milk and mastitis milk, belonging to Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Aeromonas and Bacillus genera. The obtained results show the best antibacterial effect with rosemary essential oil, having areas of inhibition as big as 28 mm, with an average of 16.4 mm. Weaker antimicrobial effect was obtained with alcoholic extract of sage where the average of inhibition diameters were 12.2 mm. Bacterial species isolated from mastitis were more sensitive to treatment with plant extracts compared with species isolated from normal milk. Among the tested bacteria, the strains from Staphylococcus type had the highest sensitivity, while Vibrio strains were more resistant. The results obtained open the prospect of using these herbal extracts as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis and also aim at getting safer products from a microbiological point of view, with less antibiotic residues in milk.

Ichthyophthiriasis, which is also known as white spot or Ich, is caused by a parasitic ciliate called Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and it is one of the most important and common parasitic diseases. It may cause high mortality in large scale in ornamental and edible fresh water fish. To control this disease Malachite green, formalin, chloramine-T and other chemical compounds can be used, but each of these compounds may cause serious harm to human population and the environment. Therefore, introducing natural alternative compounds to use against this disease seems necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alcoholic extract of Chelidonium majus L. in concentrations (0/1-6/4 gr/l) and exposure time of 1 to 3 hours on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro. The obtained data were statistically compared with the results obtained from the positive control sample (15 ppm formalin) and the control treatment. The results implicated that the mortality rate of parasitic teronts has a direct and significant relationship with increasing the concentration of the extract and the time of exposure and the mortality of the parasites increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing the concentration of alcoholic extract from 0/1 to 6/4 gr/l. dosage 6/4 with 100% lethality had the best performance and is the most appropriate dose. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) between obtained data in comparison with formalin (control positive group), although the possibility of using this dose to treat live fish requires clinical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnobotany of the Sahrawi people considers various species of plants and crude drugs as food, cooking spices and traditional health remedies. From among these, the fruits of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. (Apiaceae), known as Saharan cumin, were chosen for our research. The present paper reports a proximate composition and mineral element analysis of various samples of A. leucotrichus fruits, collected during the balsamic period (full fruiting) from plants grown in Bir Lehlu (Western Sahara) and purchased in a local market (Tindouf). These analyses pointed out interesting nutritional values of the crude drug. Decoction and alcoholic extract, analyzed by HPLC-DAD, evidenced ammolactone-A and R-perillaldehyde as the two main isolated constituents, particularly in the ethanolic extracts (ammolactone-A, market sample: 51.71 ± 0.39 mg/g dry extract; wild sample: 111.60 ± 1.80 mg/g dry extract; R-perillaldehyde, market sample: 145.95 ± 0.35 mg/g dry extract; wild sample: 221.40 ± 0.30 mg/g dry extract). The essential oils, obtained through hydrodistillation, were characterized by GC-MS and evidenced R-perillaldehyde (market sample: 53.21 ± 1.52%; wild sample: 74.01 ± 1.75%) and limonene (market sample: 35.15 ± 1.68%; wild sample: 19.90 ± 1.86%) as the most abundant compounds. The R configuration of perillaldehyde was ascertained and a complete description of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of ammolactone-A was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Viscum comprises a large number of semi-parasitic shrubs popularly known as Mistletoe. The Viscum species grow in many countries of Europe, Africa and Asia with different popular uses in ornamentation, foods and medicine. Many studies about Viscum have been done over the last years focusing on biological activities and chemical composition of the aqueous extracts, mainly related to anthroposophical medicines. However, it is known that non-aqueous preparations, as alcoholic extracts, have demonstrated different biological activities that are species—and host tree—dependent. Considering the potential of these alcoholic extracts, a scoping review was conducted using data from three online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Embase. Inclusion criteria consisted of the in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, clinical and chemical studies of alcoholic extracts from Viscum species. The present review summarized 124 original publications about fourteen Viscum species. Viscum album, Viscum articulatum and Viscum coloratum were the main studied species. Alcoholic extracts demonstrated hypotensive, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory capabilities, among other biological activities. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and terpenoids represented 48%, 24% and 11% of the total identified compounds, respectively. This review contributes to the knowledge of alcoholic preparations of the Viscum species and points out the lack of clinical studies concerning these different extracts.

The current research evaluated the efficiency of alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits of the Solanum nigrum and investigated their effectiveness against the immature stages of the blue fly with 24-hour age at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/ml at the temperature of 30±1°C and relative humidity of 60±5%. It was revealed that the alcoholic extract of the fruits had the highest effect on killing the eggs of blue fly at all concentrations; accordingly, the death rates were estimated at 89.11% and 42.43% at the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, respectively, compared to that in the control, accounting for 9.27% mortality. It was also found that the alkaloid extract of the leaves of the plant outperformed in recording the highest rates of killing the eggs of blue fly, with death rates of 88.83% and 31.14% in the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, compared to the control group, amounting to 10.40%. Regarding the larval stages, the first stage was more sensitive than the other larval stages to all extracts of leaves and fruits of the plant. The highest mortality rates of the three larval stages were achieved by using the alcoholic extract of the fruits with the highest concentration of 20 mg/ml, compared to the alcoholic extract of the leaves; accordingly, the death rates of the third larval stage reached the highest rates of 57.11%, 68.20%, and 88.69% for the alcoholic extract of fruits and 53.19%, 68.64%, and 89.11% for that of leaves. The recorded data showed that the alkaloid extract of the S. nigrum leaves led to the highest mortality rates, compared to the alkaloid extract of the fruits, for all larval instars and at all concentrations. The mortality rates of the third larval stage with the highest concentration were 58.13% and 67.64%, respectively. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the chemical compounds in the alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits showed the presence of chemical compounds of varying numbers. The numbers of chemical compounds in the alcoholic extract of the leaves and fruits were 10 and 9, respectively, while it reached 17 and 23 for the alkaloid extract of the leaves and fruits of the plant, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common infection associated tonsillitis. The aim of this research is to genetically identify MRSA in tonsillitis patients and evaluate herbal medicinal plant extracts against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as multidrug-resistant bacteria, 34 (60.71%). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from tonsillitis, phenotipcally identified on chrome agar media, and genotyped using the Staph 16S rRNA gene specific for the Staphylococcus aureus and mecA gene for determining Staphylococcus aureus resistance to methicillin (MRSA). The result of amplification of the staph 16S rRNA and mecA genes confirmed that all 34 (60.71%) were Staphylococcus aureus and resistant to methicillin (MRSA). Seven plant extracts, Nigella sativa seeds, Punica granatum peel, Peganum harmala, Eugenia caryophyllus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Brassica juncea and Zingiber officinal were tested for antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, as well as testing the cytotoxicity of crude extracts. A well diffusion method was used to complete the primary screening on Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), both extracts [aqueous and alcoholic] had a broad-spectrum impact, while alcoholic extracts had the greatest effect. However, both extracts had varied effects against all bacterial strain at the minimal inhibitory concentrations. The two extracts had a bactericidal effect, and the growth of all bacteria isolates in this investigation was monitored for seven days with no growth. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on red blood cells (RBCs) was tested, and the results revealed that there was no cytotoxicity in the absence of alcohol. An extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum enhanced red blood cell volume, swelling, and agglutination. Zingiber officinale and Punica granatum peel alcoholic extract produced the opposite effect. The cells expanded and erupted at concentrations of 200 and 100 of the Peganum harmala alcoholic extract. As a result, the seven plants can be safely employed as a natural bactericidal agent source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lately, consumption of natural preservatives to improve food products' shelf life has been the center of attention. Due to the approved health benefits of the oak fruit, its application in food industry as a preservative seems satisfying. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extract of the oak fruit in concentrations of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/mL was investigated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with well diffusion technique. In order to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), macro-dilution broth and subculturing on solid culture media techniques were used. Results: The most growth prevention and inhibitory effect was observed in S. aureus, S. cerevisiae, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, and E. coli, respectively. The most and the least antimicrobial activity of the oak fruit extract were observed in S. aureus (MIC = 0.15 mg/mL and MBC = 0.313 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC=2.5 mg/mL and MBC=5 mg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: The alcoholic extract of Iranian oak fruit had antimicrobial activity, and its impact was more profound on gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus and S. cerevisiae than gram-negative ones namely E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. typhi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraq Journal of Market Research & Consumer Protection / Al-Mağallaẗ al-ʿIrāqiyyaẗ li-Buḥūṯ al-Sūq wa-Ḥimāyaẗ al-Mustahlik is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction & objectives: Application of traditional medicine and identification of herbs to treat cancer are being on the rise. Little information is available on the anticancer effects of Smyrnium cordifolium bioss species. For this purpose, the present study investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the alcoholic extract of S. cordifulium. Methods: After preparing the plant and its alcoholic extract, different concentrations of the extract (0, 2, 10, 50 and 250 μg/ml) were added to the culture medium of MCF-7 cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of different extract concentrations. In addition, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining was used to assess apoptosis rates. Data was analyzed by SPSS software at the significance level of 5%. Results: the results of this study showed that S. cordifolium extract at 250μg/ml concentration had a more inhibitory effect on proliferation compared to other treatment groups. Moreover, this concentration (250μg/ml) had a significant effect on apoptosis in comparison with other concentrations. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that alcoholic extract of S. cordifolium can partially reduce proliferation of cancer cells.

Recently , due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to the detection of new antimicrobials, much attention has been paid. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of four extracts of leafy leafy leaves, henna leaves, walnut shells and pomegranate peel on three gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. it placed. Antimicrobial effect of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of these plants was studied by diffusion and well discarding method by measuring the non-growth aura's diameter and the minimum inhibitory concentration was investigated by ELISA method. The results show that in two methods, diffusion discs and wells in alcoholic and aqueous extracts have the highest effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterium and have the least effect on E. coli bacteria. The minimum amount of MIC for alcoholic extract is 31.25 and MBC 54.25 mg / ml, which is related to Escherichia coli bacteria. The results measurements of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins also indicate that the highest amount of this product is in the concentration of 500 mg / ml of the extract of plants. Also, the amount of antioxidant activity in the alcoholic extract is about twice as much as the aqueous extract. The results of this study indicate that the combination of extracts of plants, especially alcoholic extract, has a more antibacterial effect than the aqueous extract, which can be due to the presence of more antibacterial compounds in the extract.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural, Environmental & Veterinary Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regarding the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects of Salvia officnalis (S. officinalis) extracts and the use of medicinal herbs as an alternative to chemical drugs, this study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic changes and reduction of hepatocyte damage in mice poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) after treatment with aqueous and alcoholic extract of Salvia officnalis. A total of 40 adult male mice were divided into eight groups including six experimental, one negative, and one positive control group, which were exposed to CCl4 at the concentration of 2.3 mg/kg. The active compounds in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of S. officinalis were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, S. officinalis extract in 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses were fed orally to mice for six days. The enzymes (GST, ALP, ALT, AST, and MDA) were determined in mice serum. The study results showed that enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the group treated with S. officinalis extract, and the concentration of 300mg/kg proved to be most effective. In addition, it was indicated that the alcoholic extract had a higher effect than the aqueous extract, which might be due to the greater amount of active compounds in the alcoholic extract. The improving effects of S. officinalis can be attributed to the bioactive components with antioxidant properties that inhibit the damaging effects of free radicals, chemical drugs, and tissue damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the current study showed that the effect of the alcoholic extract of theHydrastiscanadensis plant was more effective than the aqueous extract on the bacteria isolated from otitis media at the same concentrations. As the alcoholic extract had the highest effect on proteusmirabilis, Staphylococcusaerues, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klepsiella pneumoniawith an inhibition diameter ranging (20, 18, 17, 16,16, 15) mm respectively at a concentration of 200 mg/ml, The study also showed that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the inhibitory activity against the bacterial species, with significant differences in the probability level 0.05 of the two extracts on the bacterial species, exceptPseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcusaerues there was no significant difference in the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, samples were collected from the plant Colutea cilicica L., which is a member of the family Papilionoideae (legume family), and it is the only species of the genus Colutea L spread in Iraq. Aqueous and alcoholic extract of the plant were prepared for antibacterial efficacy study. All of extracts were tested for their antibacterial activity against ( 8 ) pathogenic bacterial three of them Gram positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes ) and five were negative for Gram stain ( Escherichia coli, Klebsilla pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Sallmonella typhi ) by perpendicular streak method on Muller - Hinton agar. The extracts have antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The study proved the effectiveness of the extract against bacteria . The diameter of inhibition zone of the alcoholic extract reached (30) mm against Gram positive bacteria and reached (7.27) mm against Gram negative bacteria. While the inhibition diameter of the aqueous extract reached (29) mm against Gram-positive bacteria(5.30 mm) against Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the minimum inhibitors concentration (MICs) of alcoholic extract against bacteria was ( 0.625) μg / ml for all gram negative and gram positive bacteria except against E. coli was ( 1.25) μg / mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBCs) ranged from ( 0.312-0.625 ) μg / ml against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. While minimum concentration inhibitors (MICs) of aqueous extract were ( 0.625) µg / ml against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, (MBCs) were ( 0.312 ) μg / mL against Gram positive and negative bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral swab samples were collected from 120 children(ages between new born and 12 years). Samples were collected from the pediatric department of Al-Rifai General Hospital And Al-Shatrah General Hospital and Muhammad Al-Mousawi Children’s Hospital in Nasiriyah For the period from 24/2/2020 to 7/5/2020.The number of samples that are positive for culture 80 samples at a percentage of 66.67% Males 60% and females 40%,Then, this study show that there were Four types of Candida. They are Candidaalbicans, C.krusei, C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis .C. albicans was the most common type, with a percentage of 77.5%.The results of the study showed that the highest incidence of oral thrush was among newborns. Whose age was less than one year, and the incidence of this disease was among this age group. % 83.75.The study included testing the inhibitory efficacy of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Fucusvesiculosus Against four species, all belonging to the genus Candida, using the Agar well Diffusion Method.It was found that the alcoholic extract better than aqueous extract in effect on the isolated yeasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, C. spinosa was used to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles using green synthesis, and an alcoholic extract of C. spinosa was used to coat them. The resulting Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed high IC50 activity against HTC116 cancer cells. We characterized the prepared Fe3O4-NP powder for phase size, shape, crystallographic arrangement, chemical composition, and surface charge using TEM, FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential. Zeta potential confirmed NP surface charges-18.9 mV for Fe3O4 and-25 mV for Fe3O4 coated alcoholic extract, whereas XRD confirmed crystal shapes, and the FTIR study, functional groups at 505, 378, and 555 cm-1 showed Fe-O linkages in A1 (alcoholic extract), A2 (Fe3O4, green synthesis), and A3 (alcoholic extract coated with Fe3O4). C. spinosa exhibited C=C stretching at 1539 and 1558 cm-1, while functional groups A1, A2, and A3 observed C=O stretching at 1626, 1647, and 1743 cm-1. The green synthesis had spherical aggregates with an average size of 24.6±5.7 nm, and the alcoholic extract-coated synthesis had 27.3±7.5 nm. This was true even though the NPs had a crystal structure. Then, TEM measured 8.9±2.26 and 11.2±6.8 nm Fe3O4-NP thicknesses. The XRD analysis of the Fe3O4-NPs were 7.72 and 8.9 nm, respectively. The study found that Fe3O4 nanocomposites had the best IC50 at 32.49 µg/mL and the highest average viability at 20 µg/mL in code C. Following it were code B at 64.24 4.73% with an IC50 of 52.32 g/mL and code A at 69.25 1.07% with an IC50 of 78.95 g/mL. Code C had the lowest cell viability for HDF at 20 µg/mL, at 75.27±7.90%, with an IC50 of 569.47 µg/mL. Codes B and A came in second and third, with IC50s of 488.23 and 243.77 µg/mL, respectively, which was in line with what the literature said would happen. Following lengthy procedures, it may be a promising drug in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Today, with increasingresistance of bacteria to antibiotics, the use of medicinal plants has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of Carla extract on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to investigate the inhibitory properties and to find alternative drugs. Materials and Methods: In this research, the antimicrobial activity of Carla inaqueous and alcoholic extraction on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was performed by means of well diffusion method. Consequently, theinhibitory zone, MIC and MBC were determined. Results: MIC and Mbc for escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity to alcoholic extract of leaf with mean of 62.5 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml and staphylococcus aureus showed the highest susceptibility to fruit alcoholic extract with mean of 64 mg / ml and 64 mg / ml. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the alcoholic extract of the leaf for E. coli is 19 mm and the diameter of the inhibition zone of the alcoholic extract of fruit for staphylococcus aureus is 2/26 mm, which confirms the results of MIC and Mbc. Minimum inhibitory concentration of E.coli was related to the alcoholic extract of leaf and the minimum concentration of fecundity was related to alcoholic beverage. Conclusions: Results for staphylococcus aureusac company from the order of aqueous extract of leaf

The ethnobotany of the Sahrawi people considers various species of plants and crude drugs as food, cooking spices and traditional health remedies. From among these, the fruits of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. (Apiaceae), known as Saharan cumin, were chosen for our research. The present paper reports a proximate composition and mineral element analysis of various samples of A. leucotrichus fruits, collected during the balsamic period (full fruiting) from plants grown in Bir Lehlu (Western Sahara) and purchased in a local market (Tindouf). These analyses pointed out interesting nutritional values of the crude drug. Decoction and alcoholic extract, analyzed by HPLC-DAD, evidenced ammolactone-A and R-perillaldehyde as the two main isolated constituents, particularly in the ethanolic extracts (ammolactone-A, market sample: 51.71 ± 0.39 mg/g dry extract; wild sample: 111.60 ± 1.80 mg/g dry extract; R-perillaldehyde, market sample: 145.95 ± 0.35 mg/g dry extract; wild sample: 221.40 ± 0.30 mg/g dry extract). The essential oils, obtained through hydrodistillation, were characterized by GC-MS and evidenced R-perillaldehyde (market sample: 53.21 ± 1.52%; wild sample: 74.01 ± 1.75%) and limonene (market sample: 35.15 ± 1.68%; wild sample: 19.90 ± 1.86%) as the most abundant compounds. The R configuration of perillaldehyde was ascertained and a complete description of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of ammolactone-A was performed.

Bacterial pathogens cause significant economic losses in fish farms worldwide. The frequent use of antibiotics is a growing concern due to the adverse effects on human health and the environment. We evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Artemisia annua and its bioactive components against the Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare, the main bacteria that affect fish culture. Bioactive components of the A. annua were obtained using an alcoholic extraction process, yielding 10.6% of dry material. The alcoholic extract of A. annua (ae‐Aa) bioactive compounds was fractionated, obtaining the fractions F1 + 2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. Artemisinin up to 10.0 mg.ml‐1 was ineffective in controlling studied bacteria. Microorganisms tested were all sensitive to ae‐Aa (MIC and MBC 0.40 to 2.50 mg.ml‐1). The ae‐Aa components F3, F4, F5 and F6 were also effective (MIC and MBC 0.015 to 2.00 mg.ml‐1). F3 showed the most effective antibacterial activity (MIC 0.015 to 0.5 mg.ml‐1 and MBC 0.015 to 2.0 mg.ml‐1). The ae‐Aa and its bioactive components presented efficacy to inhibit growth and eliminate bacterial pathogens and can be an alternative to synthetic antibiotics for farmed fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted at the poultry farm of the college of Agriculture, University of Al-Qasim Green the experimental field during twelve weeks from 1/ 9 / 2020 to 23/ 11/ 2020 the study was aimed to know the effect of adding alcoholic and nano alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves to drinking water on some blood parameters for laying hens Lohmann brown. The experiment included 120 laying hens of Lohmann brown at the age of 50 weeks, the breeding period was divided into 3 experimental periods (52-55) weeks, (56-59) weeks and (60-63) weeks of the hens age. The feed was provided according to the standard requirements mentioned in the Lohmann Brown Layer Managements Guide and distributed randomly to 15 pen with 5 experimental treatments for each treatment of 24 birds. Each treatment included three replicates per 8 birds. Experience treatments were as follows: First treatment: control group free from any addition. Second treatment: drinking water added 10 ml / liter of water from the alcoholic extract of Moringa leaves at a concentration of 1%. Third treatment: drinking water added 10 ml /liter of water to the alcoholic extract of Moringa leaves at a concentration of 2%. Fourth treatment: drinking water added 10 ml / liter of water from the nano alcohol extract of Moringa leaves at a concentration of 0.01%. Fifth treatment: drinking water added 10 ml / liter of water from the nano alcohol extract of Moringa leaves at a concentration of 0.02%, the main results of the study are as follows: The addition of the alcohol and and nano alcoholic extract of Moringa leaves to drinking water recorded a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in the number of white blood cells, the percentage of lymphocytes (%) and the decrease in the percentage of heterophile cells (%) and the percentage of H / L cells compared to the first treatment (control). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study effect of different nitrogen levels (56, 112, 168 and 224 mg.L-1) on antimicrobial activity and some physiological characteristics of bulb extracts were studied.The highest and lowest amounts of inhibitory efficacy of methanol extract of onion bulbs at concentration of 0.30 mg.L-1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, were observed. According to the results, different levels of nitrogen had a positive effect on the antimicrobial properties onion bulb extract. With increased nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution, antimicrobial activity onion bulb extracts increased. With the increase in nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution content antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid were increased. Increasing the concentration of antioxidant compounds was associated with increased antimicrobial activity of onion bulb extract. In recent years, the consumption of onion has increased due to its flavor and health benefits. The beneficial properties of onion are mainly related to its high content of sulfur compounds and flavonoids, and the role of these compounds as antioxidants, anti-microbial and anti-cancer have been proven. Nitrogen was effective on the inhibitory effect of bulb methanol extract, which could be due to the effect of nitrogen on the metabolism of sulfur compounds and flavonoids in bulb.

Background and Objective: Brain is not able to produce new neurons by neurogenesis after maturity. Neurogenesis after the maturity was reported in Hippocampus and subventricular areas in the brain. Rosa canina L has various vitamins and other valuable compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoid, carbohydrates and fatty acids. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of the fruit of Rosa canina L plant on neuronal density of the hippocampus in animal model. Methods: In this experimental study 24 adult male mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups including: control and three treatent groups. Animals in treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were received the alcoholic extract with extract with a dose of 25, 50, 75 mg/kg/bw intraperitoneally (IP), for 21 day continuously with an invertal of 24 hours, respectively. Animals in control group were received normal saline injection. One month after the first injection, the animals were anesthetized and brain gently was out of the skull. After processing, seven-micron serial sections were stained with blue toluidine and erythrosine. Different regions of the hippocampus were photographed and neuronal density was evaluated by stereological methods and was compared with control group. Results: The mean neuronal density of CA1 area of hippocampus in control and the treated group with a dose of 25, 50, 75 mg/kg/bw was 55±2, 70±3, 65±3 and 61±2, respectively. Neuronal density significantly increased in treatment group with dosage of 25 mg/kg/bw in compared to control group (P

Introduction In the present study the impact of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa were investigated on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCl4 is known to intoxicate the liver of rats which can be easily be observed by examining the total protein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase ALT). Cuscuta reflexa have been used in traditional medicine culture from time immemorial. In this study both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa were found to have curative impact on liver profile of CCl4 intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods. The stem of Cuscuta reflexa were collected from host bougainvillea, dried in shade and were subjected to alcoholic (ethanolic), and aqueous extraction. Albino rats were intoxicated with CCl4 to induce hepatotoxicity. The CCl4 intoxicated rats were treated with low dose and high dose of both the extracts to assess the hepatoprotective impact on intoxicated rats. The results clearly revealed that the CCl4 administration altered liver profile. The altered liver profile parameters recovered to normal after administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Results and Discussion. Administration of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats, which was evident with the results of serum analysis. Post CCl4 administration the liver profile parameters were altered. The CCl4 intoxicated rats were then treated with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa. Post treatment with the extracts the liver profile parameters recovered to normal. Conclusion: Present study reveals that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cuscuta reflexa were found to have curative impact on liver profile of CCl4 intoxicated rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted by using 225 quail females in the production stage at the age of 50 days from one hatchery at a rate of 185g weight for 12 weeks, and randomly distributed to five experimental groups, at 45 quail females per treatment, and at a rate of 15 quail females for each replicate. The birds were exposed to temperature at a rate of (28-36-30±2°C) and relative humidity at a rate of (40-60-50±2%) for the time (700-1200-1900).The birds were fed a standard diet contain 20% crude protein and 2903kcal metabolizable energy/Kg feed. The birds were distributed randomly as follows: The first group (T1) was the control without addition to drinking water, the second (T2) and the third (T3) groups with added 300mg/L of water from the aqueous and alcoholic extract for the Al-Zahdi khalal date without pits, respectively, and the fourth (T4) and the fifth (T5) groups with added 300mg/L of water from the aqueous and alcoholic for extract Al-Zahdi Khalal dates pits, respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant increase (P≤0.01) for all adding treatments compared to the control treatment with a preference in favor of the third and fifth treatments in the traits of egg production percentage on the basis of Hen-Day (H.D), mass, cumulative number of eggs, average weekly egg weight, weekly feed consumption, and significant (P≤0.01) improvement in feed conversion efficiency in most of the experimental periods. In conclusion, the use of these extracts contributed to improve the studied production traits of Japanese quail hens exposed to heat stress, noting that the treatments T3 and T5 recorded the best results for all studied traits and for most of the experimental periods of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]