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2. Deterministic temporal chaos from a mid-infrared external cavity quantum cascade lasers

Author

Mathieu Carras, Marc Sciamanna, Kevin Schires, Louise Jumpertz, Frédéric Grillot, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Terahertz radiation, Mid-IR, Quantum cascade lasers, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Feedback, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, LIDAR, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Energy level, Stimulated emission, Spectroscopy, Diode, Semiconductor lasers, Physics, Free space, business.industry, Remote sensing, Laser, Cascade, Chaos, Continuous wave, Strength, business
Abstract

International audience; Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are unipolar semiconductor lasers offering access to wavelengths from the mid-infrared (IR) to the terahertz domain and promising impact on various applications such as free-space communications, high-resolution spectroscopy, LIDAR remote sensing or optical countermeasures. Unlike bipolar semiconductor lasers, stimulated emission in QCLs is obtained via electronic transitions between discrete energy states inside the conduction band. Recent technological progress has led to QCLs operating in pulsed or continuous wave mode, at room temperature in single- or multi-mode operation, with high powers up to a few watts for mid-IR devices. This spectacular development raises multiple interrogations on the stability of QCLs as little is known on their dynamical properties. Very recently, experiments based on optical spectrum measurements have unveiled the existence of five distinct feedback regimes without, however, identifying the complex dynamics dwelling within the QCL. In this article we provide the first experimental evidence of a route to chaos in a QCL emitting at mid-IR wavelength. When applying optical feedback with an increasing strength, the QCL dynamics bifurcate to periodic dynamics at the external cavity frequency and later to chaos without an undamping of relaxation oscillations, hence contrasting with the well-known scenarios occurring in interband laser diodes. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2016

3. Chaotic Light at Mid-Infrared Wavelength

Author

Louise Jumpertz, Frédéric Grillot, Mathieu Carras, Marc Sciamanna, Kevin Schires, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
chaos, quantum cascade laser, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, 010309 optics, nonlinear dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics, Quantum optics, business.industry, Synchronization of chaos, Nonlinear optics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Cascade, Quantum dot laser, Original Article, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum cascade laser, optical feedback
Abstract

The onset of nonlinear dynamics and chaos is evidenced in a mid-infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade laser both in the temporal and frequency domains. As opposed to the commonly observed route to chaos in semiconductor lasers, which involves undamping of the laser relaxation oscillations, quantum cascade lasers first exhibit regular self-pulsation at the external cavity frequency before entering into a chaotic low-frequency fluctuation regime. The bifurcation sequence, similar to that already observed in class A gas lasers under optical feedback, results from the fast carrier relaxation dynamics occurring in quantum cascade lasers, as confirmed by numerical simulations. Such chaotic behavior can impact various practical applications including spectroscopy, which requires stable single-mode operation. It also allows the development of novel mid-infrared high-power chaotic light sources, thus enabling secure free-space high bit-rate optical communications based on chaos synchronization.

Published
2016

4. Magnetoresponse of a 15µm infrared quantum cascade detector

Author

Maëro, Simon, de Vaulchier, Louis-Anne, Guldner, Yves, Carosella, Francesca, Ferreira, Robson, Doyennette, Laetitia, Berger, Vincent, Trinité, Virginie, Carras, Mathieu, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES [France]-ALCATEL

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

5. QCL - Optical-Feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy For The Analysis Of Atmospheric 13CO2/12CO2 In Ice-Core Gas Bubbles

Author

Gorrotxategi Carbajo, Paula, Romanini, Daniele, Maisons, Gregory, Carras, Mathieu, Chappellaz, Jerome, Kerstel, Erik, LIPhy-LAME, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (LSP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract

International audience; In the context of a globally warming climate it is crucial to study the climate variability in the past and to understand the underlying mechanisms. The composition of gas stored in bubbles in polar ice presents a paleo-climate archive that provides a powerful means to study the exact mechanisms involved in the ~40% increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration between glacial and interglacial climates. It is particularly important to understand such natural coupling between climate and the carbon cycle, as it will partly determine what natural feedback can be expected on the atmospheric CO2 concentration in a future warmer world. The source of the CO2 released into the atmosphere during previous deglaciations can be constrained from isotopic measurements by the fact that the different CO2 reservoirs (terrestrial biosphere, oceans) and associated mechanisms (biological or physical) have different isotopic signatures. Unfortunately, such isotope studies have been seriously hampered by the experimental difficulty of extracting the CO2 without contamination or fractionation, and measuring the isotope signal off-line on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Here we present an alternative method that leverages the extreme sensitivity afforded by Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) in the Mid-Infrared [1]. This region of the spectrum is accessed by a custom-developed Quantum Cascade Laser operating near 4.35 µm. The feedback to the laser of light that has been spectrally filtered by a high-finesse, V-shaped enhancement cavity has the effect of spectrally narrowing the laser emission and to auto-lock the laser frequency to one of the cavity's longitudinal modes, with clear advantages in terms of acquisition time and signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement. The line strengths in this region are about 5 orders of magnitude higher than in the more easily accessible NIR region near 1.6 µm and about 1000 times higher than at 2 µm. The instrument is temperature stabilization at the mK-level. Together with a small cavity volume of ~20 mL, this enables the analysis of nmol-sized samples with high precision (< 0.05‰) in a fraction of the time required by the conventional IRMS-based technique. We will show preliminary results obtained on synthetic samples. [1] Maisons G., Gorrotxategi Carbajo P., Carras M., Romanini D.: Optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a quantum cascade laser, Opt. Lett., 35, 3607, 2010. [2] Morville J., Kassi S., Chenevier M., and Romanini D.: Fast, low-noise, mode-by-mode, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy by diode-laser self-locking, Appl. Phys., B 80, 1027-1038, 2005.

Published
2013

6. Magnetotransport in very long wave infrared quantum cascade detectors: analyzing the current with and without illumination

Author

Jasnot, François-Régis, De Vaulchier, Louis-Anne, Guldner, Yves, Carosella, Francesca, Ferreira, Robson, Bastard, Gérald, Delga, Alexandre, Doyennette, Laetitia, Berger, Vincent, Carras, Mathieu, Marcadet, Xavier, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Published
2012

7. Passive coherent beam combining of quantum-cascade lasers with a Dammann grating

Author

Mathieu Carras, Eric Lallier, Gaëlle Lucas-Leclin, Guillaume Bloom, Xavier Marcadet, Brigitte Loiseaux, Christian Larat, Mane-Si Laure Lee-Bouhours, Patrick Georges, Gaëlle Lehoucq, S. Bansropun, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Lasers, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Lasers, and Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO)

Subjects
Materials science, Phase (waves), Binary number, Physics::Optics, Quantum cascade lasers, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, beam combining, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, 140.3298, 140.5965, 050.1380, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazed grating, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, mid-infrared, Fresnel equations, binary phase grating, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cascade, Optoelectronics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, M squared, Laser beam quality, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), optical countermeasures
Abstract

An external cavity with a binary phase grating has been developed to achieve the coherent beam addition of five quantum-cascade lasers emitting at 4.65 μm. The combining of these five emitters is achieved by a binary phase grating or Dammann grating able to separate an incident beam into five beams of equal intensities with a 75% efficiency. A CW output power of ~ 0.65 W corresponding to a combining efficiency of 70% with a good beam quality is obtained. More results concerning output power, combining, efficiency stability and beam quality and spectrum are exposed.

Published
2012

8. Description of transport mechanisms in a very long wave infrared quantum cascade detector under strong magnetic field

Author

Nicolas Péré-Laperne, Yves Guldner, François-Régis Jasnot, Simon Maëro, Francesca Carosella, Louis-Anne de Vaulchier, Robson Ferreira, Vincent Berger, Mathieu Carras, Alexandre Delga, Laetitia Doyennette, Virginie Trinité, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Far infrared, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum, Quantum well, Dark current
Abstract

International audience; Measurements of current have been performed on a very long wave infrared quantum cascade detector under strong magnetic field applied parallel to the growth axis, both under dark and light conditions. The analysis of dark current as a function of temperature highlights three regimes of transport involving the different energy levels of the structure. For photocurrent analysis, we developed a model based on a rate equation approach taking into account all the electronic levels of the structure. This model is in agreement with the oscillatory component of the experimental magnetophotocurrent. It allows to identify the key points controlling the electronic transport such as extraction from the upper level of the optically active quantum well, location of ionized impurities and scattering mechanisms involved in the structure. This work is valuable for the future conception of high performance quantum cascade detectors in infrared and far infrared range.

Published
2012

9. Influence of Sawtooth Patterns on the Detection Properties of Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors

Author

Mathieu Carras, Virginie Trinité, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Vincent Guériaux, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab (III-V Lab), and ONERA

Subjects
noise, sawtooth pattern, Bistability, Superlattice, quantum well, Photodetector, 02 engineering and technology, Sawtooth wave, 01 natural sciences, Responsivity, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Quantum well infrared photodetector, Quantum well, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, QWIP, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Dark current
Abstract

International audience; Sawtooth patterns in the I-V curves of superlattices result from the bistability induced by the negative differential resistance of the local J-F curve. This behavior has been extensively studied in weakly coupled superlattices from a transport point of view. In this paper, we show that the sawtooth patterns not only affect the dark current but also the noise and responsivity properties of a quantum well infrared photodetector. Their impact on the imaging properties of the detector is also quantified.

Published
2012

10. Passive coherent combining of diode lasers in external cavity configurations

Author

Lucas-Leclin, Gaëlle, Pabœuf, David, Georges, Patrick, Bloom, Guillaume, Larat, Christian, Carras, Mathieu, Marcadet, Xavier, Lallier, Eric, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Lasers, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, European Project: 34338,WWW.BRIGHTER.EU, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES [France], Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), and THALES [France]-ALCATEL

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Physics::Optics, Physics::Atomic Physics
Abstract

International audience; Coherent combining of diode lasers results in the addition of their laser powers while maintaining their high spatial and spectral brightness. Passive external-cavity configurations are described, using the self-imaging Talbot effect and Dammann gratings.

Published
2011

11. Coherent combining of quantum-cascade lasers with a binary phase grating

Author

Gaëlle Lucas-Leclin, Mathieu Carras, Eric Lallier, Brigitte Loiseaux, Mane-Si Laure Lee-Bouhours, Xavier Marcadet, Shailendra Bansropun, Guillaume Bloom, Gaëlle Lehoucq, Christian Larat, Patrick Georges, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Lasers, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Binary number, Grating, Laser, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Power (physics), Optics, law, Cascade, Blazed grating, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, Laser beam quality, business, Beam (structure), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

An external cavity with a binary phase grating has been developed to achieve the coherent beam addition of five quantum-cascade lasers emitting at 4.65 μm. The combining of these five emitters is achieved by a binary phase grating or Dammann grating able to separate an incident beam into five beams of equal intensities with a 75% efficiency. A CW output power of ~ 0.5 W corresponding to a combining efficiency of 66% with a good beam quality is obtained. More results concerning output power, combining, efficiency stability and beam quality and spectrum are exposed.

Published
2011

12. Impact Ionization in THz QWIPs: Investigating the 3D Electron Distribution and Designing New Devices

Author

Delga, Alexandre, Buffaz, Amandine, Doyennette, Laetitia, Carras, Mathieu, Jasnot, François-Régis, de Vaulchier, Louis-Anne, Liu, H.C., Berger, Vincent, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Microstructural Sciences (NRC - IMS), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Published
2010

13. Magnetotransport in quantum cascade detectors: analyzing the current under illumination

Author

Amandine Buffaz, Xavier Marcadet, Francesca Carosella, Vincent Berger, Mathieu Carras, Louis-Anne de Vaulchier, Laetitia Doyennette, Nicolas Péré-Laperne, François-Régis Jasnot, Yves Guldner, Robson Ferreira, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, and THALES [France]

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Photocurrent, Physics, Nano Express, Scattering, Detector, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Rate equation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Computational physics, Materials Science(all), Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:TA401-492, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum
Abstract

Photocurrent measurements have been performed on a quantum cascade detector structure under strong magnetic field applied parallel to the growth axis. The photocurrent shows oscillations as a function of B. In order to describe that behavior, we have developed a rate equation model. The interpretation of the experimental data supports the idea that an elastic scattering contribution plays a central role in the behavior of those structures. We present a calculation of electron lifetime versus magnetic field which suggests that impurities scattering in the active region is the limiting factor. These experiments lead to a better understanding of these complex structures and give key parameters to optimize them further.

Published
2010

14. Photocurrent analysis of quantum cascade detectors by magnetotransport

Author

François-Régis Jasnot, Nicolas Péré-Laperne, Laetitia Doyennette, Vincent Berger, Mathieu Carras, Xavier Marcadet, Amandine Buffaz, Louis-Anne de Vaulchier, Robson Ferreira, Yves Guldner, Francesca Carosella, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Photocurrent, Elastic scattering, Condensed matter physics, Scattering, 02 engineering and technology, Landau quantization, Rate equation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum
Abstract

to be published in Phys. Rev. B; International audience; Photocurrent measurements have been performed on a quantum cascade detector structure under strong magnetic field B applied parallel to the growth axis. The photocurrent shows oscillations as a function of B. In order to describe this behavior, we have developed a rate equation model. The interpretation of the experimental data supports the idea that an elastic scattering contribution plays a central role in the behavior of these structures. We present a calculation of the electron lifetime versus magnetic field which suggests that impurities scattering in the active region is the limiting factor. These experiments lead to a better understanding of these complex structures and identify key parameters to optimize them further.

Published
2010

15. Impact ionization in Thz QWIPs

Author

Vincent Berger, François-Régis Jasnot, Amandine Buffaz, H. C. Liu, L. A. de Vaulchier, Alexandre Delga, Z. R. Wasilewski, Laetitia Doyennette, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Microstructural Sciences (NRC - IMS), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, THALES, Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, de Vaulchier, Louis-Anne, ONERA, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Phase transition, business.industry, Phonon, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Terahertz radiation, Photodetector, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Impact ionization, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum well, Quantum tunnelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Recently phase transitions in THz Quantum Wells Inter-subband Photodetectors (QWIP) were observed. Very large current discontinuities - up to five orders of magnitude - were obtained, at low temperature [1]. Quantum well impact ionization shifts the structure from a resistive “down” state, where the current flows through inter-well quantum tunneling to a highly conductive “up” state. In this paper, thanks to the analysis of the bias versus current “s” curve, an accurate investigation of impact ionization processes in quantum wells is analyzed. The use of these phenomena for high sensitivity quantum well THz detection will be presented.

Published
2009

16. Metal-Insulator Transition in a Quantum Well Infrared Detector

Author

Buffaz, Amandine, Gomez, Aurore, Doyennette, Laetitia, Jasnot, François-Régis, Péré-Laperne, Nicolas, De Vaulchier, Louis-Anne, Carras, Mathieu, Liu, H.C., Wasilewski, Z.R., Berger, Vincent, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Institute for Microstructural Sciences (NRC - IMS), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), THALES, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel Thales 3-5 lab, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Published
2009

17. Procédés plasmas pour l'optimisation des matériaux intervenant dans le management thermique et la passivation de composants de puissance hyperfréquences à base de GaN et AlGaN

Author

Duquenne, Cyril, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes, M.A. Djouadi(Abdou.Djouadi@cnrs-imn.fr), Alcatel thales 3-5 Lab, Institut of ion beam physic and material research, and rossendorff

Subjects
Thermal properties, Couches minces, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Mesures thermiques, Thin films, Management thermique, [OTHER]domain_other, Boron nitride, BN, PVD, Nitrure de bore, pulvérisation magnétron, Nitrure d'aluminium, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Thermal management, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Procédés plasmas, Cold Plasma, Magnetron sputtering, Aluminum nitride, AlN
Abstract

This work is dedicated to the development and the optimization of a low temperature (

Published
2008

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