28 results on '"Alcaraz‐Pérez, Francisca"'
Search Results
2. Evolution of LPS recognition and signaling: The bony fish perspective
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Martínez-López, Alicia, Tyrkalska, Sylwia D., Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Cabas, Isabel, Candel, Sergio, Martínez Morcillo, Francisco J., Sepulcre, María P., García-Moreno, Diana, Cayuela, María L., and Mulero, Victoriano
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- 2023
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3. Telomerase RNA recruits RNA polymerase II to target gene promoters to enhance myelopoiesis
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García-Castillo, Jesús, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Martínez-Balsalobre, Elena, García-Moreno, Diana, Rossmann, Marlies P., Fernández-Lajarín, Miriam, Bernabé-García, Manuel, Pérez-Oliva, Ana B., Rodríguez-Cortez, Virginia C., Bueno, Clara, Adatto, Isaac, Agarwal, Suneet, Menéndez, Pablo, Zon, Leonard I., Mulero, Victoriano, and Cayuela, María L.
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- 2021
4. Characterization of ClC‐1 chloride channels in zebrafish: a new model to study myotonia.
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Gaitán‐Peñas, Héctor, Pérez‐Rius, Carla, Muhaisen, Ashraf, Castellanos, Aida, Errasti‐Murugarren, Ekaitz, Barrallo‐Gimeno, Alejandro, Alcaraz‐Pérez, Francisca, and Estévez, Raúl
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ZEBRA danio ,CHLORIDE channels ,MYOTONIA ,GENETIC mutation ,PATHOLOGICAL physiology ,SKELETAL muscle physiology - Abstract
The function of the chloride channel ClC‐1 is crucial for the control of muscle excitability. Thus, reduction of ClC‐1 functions by CLCN1 mutations leads to myotonia congenita. Many different animal models have contributed to understanding the myotonia pathophysiology. However, these models do not allow in vivo screening of potentially therapeutic drugs, as the zebrafish model does. In this work, we identified and characterized the two zebrafish orthologues (clc‐1a and clc‐1b) of the ClC‐1 channel. Both channels are mostly expressed in the skeletal muscle as revealed by RT‐PCR, western blot, and electrophysiological recordings of myotubes, and clc‐1a is predominantly expressed in adult stages. Characterization in Xenopus oocytes shows that the zebrafish channels display similar anion selectivity and voltage dependence to their human counterparts. However, they show reduced sensitivity to the inhibitor 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acid (9‐AC), and acidic pH inverts the voltage dependence of activation. Reduction of clc‐1a/b expression hampers spontaneous and mechanically stimulated movement, which could be reverted by expression of human ClC‐1 but not by some ClC‐1 containing myotonia mutations. Treatment of clc‐1‐depleted zebrafish with mexiletine, a typical drug used in human myotonia, improves the motor behaviour. Our work extends the repertoire of ClC channels to evolutionary structure–function studies and proposes the zebrafish clcn1 crispant model as a simple tool to find novel therapies for myotonia. Key points: We have identified two orthologues of ClC‐1 in zebrafish (clc‐1a and clc‐1b) which are mostly expressed in skeletal muscle at different developmental stages.Functional characterization of the activity of these channels reveals many similitudes with their mammalian counterparts, although they are less sensitive to 9‐AC and acidic pH inverts their voltage dependence of gating.Reduction of clc‐1a/b expression hampers spontaneous and mechanically stimulated movement which could be reverted by expression of human ClC‐1.Myotonia‐like symptoms caused by clc‐1a/b depletion can be reverted by mexiletine, suggesting that this model could be used to find novel therapies for myotonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Virtual screening and zebrafish models in tandem, for drug discovery and development
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Hernández-Silva, David, primary, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, Pérez-Sánchez, Horacio, additional, and Cayuela, Maria Luisa, additional
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- 2022
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6. Zebrafish models of COVID-19
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Tyrkalska, Sylwia D, primary, Candel, Sergio, additional, Pedoto, Annamaria, additional, García-Moreno, Diana, additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, Sánchez-Ferrer, Álvaro, additional, Cayuela, María L, additional, and Mulero, Victoriano, additional
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- 2022
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7. Senescence-Independent Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Senolytic Drugs Dasatinib, Navitoclax, and Venetoclax in Zebrafish Models of Chronic Inflammation
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Hernández-Silva, David, primary, Cantón-Sandoval, Joaquín, additional, Martínez-Navarro, Francisco Juan, additional, Pérez-Sánchez, Horacio, additional, de Oliveira, Sofia, additional, Mulero, Victoriano, additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, and Cayuela, María Luisa, additional
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- 2022
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8. Virtual screening and zebrafish models in tandem, for drug discovery and development
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Hernández-Silva, David, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Pérez-Sánchez, Horacio, and Cayuela, Maria Luisa
- Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroductionThe combination of Virtual Screening (VS) techniques with in vivoscreening in the zebrafish model is currently being used in tandem for drug development in a faster and more efficient way.Areas coveredWe review the different virtual screening techniques, the use of zebrafish as a vertebrate model for drug discovery and the synergy that exists between them.Expert opinionWe highlight the advantages of combining virtual and zebrafish larvae screening for drug discovery. On the one hand, VS is a faster and cheaper tool for searching active compounds and possible candidates for therapy than in vivoscreening when processing large compound libraries. On the other hand, zebrafish larvae form a vertebrate model that allows in vivoscreening of large amounts of the compounds. Importantly, physiology and chemical response are mostly conserved between zebrafish and mammals. The availability of the transgenic and mutant zebrafish lines allows an analysis of a specific phenotype upon treatment, along with toxicity, off-target effect, side effects, and dosage. The advantages of VS, in vivowhole animal approach screening, and the screening combinations are also reviewed.
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- 2023
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9. Zebrafish models of COVID-19.
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Tyrkalska, Sylwia D, Candel, Sergio, Pedoto, Annamaria, García-Moreno, Diana, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Sánchez-Ferrer, Álvaro, Cayuela, María L, and Mulero, Victoriano
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BRACHYDANIO ,COVID-19 ,ADULT respiratory distress syndrome ,OLDER people - Abstract
Although COVID-19 has only recently appeared, research studies have already developed and implemented many animal models for deciphering the secrets of the disease and provided insights into the biology of SARS-CoV-2. However, there are several major factors that complicate the study of this virus in model organisms, such as the poor infectivity of clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in some model species, and the absence of persistent infection, immunopathology, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and, in general, all the systemic complications which characterize COVID-19 clinically. Another important limitation is that SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes severe COVID-19 in older people with comorbidities, which represents a serious problem when attempting to use young and immunologically naïve laboratory animals in COVID-19 testing. We review here the main animal models developed so far to study COVID-19 and the unique advantages of the zebrafish model that may help to contribute to understand this disease, in particular to the identification and repurposing of drugs to treat COVID-19, to reveal the mechanism of action and side-effects of Spike-based vaccines, and to decipher the high susceptibility of aged people to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Telomerase reverse transcriptase activates transcription of miR500A to inhibit Hedgehog signalling and promote cell invasiveness
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Bernabé‐García, Manuel, primary, Martínez‐Balsalobre, Elena, additional, García‐Moreno, Diana, additional, García‐Castillo, Jesús, additional, Revilla‐Nuin, Beatriz, additional, Blanco‐Alcaina, Elena, additional, Mulero, Victoriano, additional, Alcaraz‐Pérez, Francisca, additional, and Cayuela, María L., additional
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- 2021
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11. TERT-mediated induction of MIR500A contributes to tumor invasiveness by targeting Hedgehog pathway
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Bernabé-García, Manuel, primary, Martínez-Balsalobre, Elena, additional, García-Moreno, Diana, additional, García-Castillo, Jesús, additional, Revilla-Nuin, Beatriz, additional, Blanco-Alcaina, Elena, additional, Mulero, Victoriano, additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, and Cayuela, María L., additional
- Published
- 2020
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12. El pez zebra (Danio rerio) como modelo de estudio in vivo del papel de la telomerasa en la hematopoyesis= The zebrafish (Danio rerio)as a model to stydy in vivo the role of telomerase in hematopoiesis
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Alcaraz Pérez, Francisca, Cayuela Fuentes, María Luisa, Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco, Facultad de Biología, Cayuela Fuentes, Mª Luisa, and Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular
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Biología celular ,Cromosomas ,Enzimas ,Teleósteos ,56 - Paleontología ,576 - Biología celular y subcelular. Citología - Abstract
Objetivos. En el presente trabajo se han cumplido dos objetivos concretos: 1. Desarrollo de un nuevo sistema chivato basado en la luciferasa para el estudio de promotores tanto constitutivos como inducibles en el contexto de un organismo completo. 2. Estudio del papel extracurricular del componente de ARN de la telomerasa (TR) en la hematopoyesis usando el pez cebra como modelo. - Metodología. Embriones de pez cebra han sido manipulados genéticamente mediante la microinyección de plásmidos, morfolinos y ARN (solos o en combinación) en el estadío de desarrollo de 1-8 células para recrear las distintas condiciones experimentales de estudio. Para el abordaje del primer objetivo, el estudio de la actividad promotora en el contexto de un organismo completo se ha llevado a cabo mediante la medida de luminiscencia. Para el cumplimiento del segundo objetivo, el recuento de los distintos tipos de células sanguíneas en las distintas condiciones experimentales se ha abordado mediante la tinción específica con TSA (neutrófilos) o con o-dianisidina (eritrocitos), o mediante el uso de distintas líneas de pez cebra transgénico que expresan proteínas fluorescentes en neutrófilos y en macrófagos. La funcionalidad de los neutrófilos se ha estudiado mediante ensayos de reclutamiento a una herida y de respuesta a una infección bacteriana. El estudio de la actividad telomerasa se ha realizado mediante una técnica específica y cuantitativa llamada Q-TRAP basada en la amplificación de la secuencia telomérica, y la longitud de los telómeros se ha cuantificado mediante Q-FISH, que consiste en una hibridación in situ con una sonda telomérica fluorescente. El estudio de la expresión de genes se ha llevado a cabo mediante RT-PCR y PCR a tiempo real, y también mediante hibridación in situ con sondas de ARN. Peces cebra han sido mantenidos según se indica en el manual del pez cebra. Todos los experimentos cumplen con la directiva de la Unión Europea (86/609/EU) y han sido aprobados por el Comité de Bioética del Hospital Clínico Universitario “Virgen de la Arrixaca” (España) y por el Comité Institucional del Cuidado y Uso Animal del Hospital Infantil de Boston (EEUU). - Resultados y conclusiones. Para el desarrollo del primer objetivo se combinaron las ventajas que tiene el ensayo clásico de la doble luciferasa con las que tiene el pez cebra como modelo vertebrado para desarrollar una técnica que permita analizar la actividad promotora y la función génica en el contexto de un organismo completo. El resultado fue una técnica rápida y sensible que puede ser utilizada como una nueva herramienta para caracterizar in vivo la mínima región promotora de un gen, la respuesta de promotores inducibles ante distintos estímulos, la validación de construcciones genéticas y la función de un gen de interés. La técnica desarrollada resulta muy valiosa cuando se combina con las ventajas que ofrece el pez cebra para hacer escrutinios a gran escala basados en el fenotipo, convirtiéndose en un sistema muy prometedor para la identificación y la validación de fármacos o genes que, por ejemplo, reviertan el fenotipo. El desarrollo del segundo objetivo de esta tesis muestra varias evidencias que apoyan al pez cebra como modelo para estudiar el papel del componente de ARN de la telomerasa (TR) en la disqueratosis congénita, que es una enfermedad hereditaria de envejecimiento prematuro, cuyos pacientes mueren principalmente debido al fallo de la médula ósea. En este modelo, la inhibición genética de TR resultó en la afectación de la mielopoyesis, a pesar de que el desarrollo de las células madre hematopoyéticas fue normal. Sorprendentemente, la neutropenia causada por la ausencia de TR fue independiente de la longitud telomérica y de la actividad telomerasa. El análisis genetico mostró que TR modula la decisión del destino mieloide/eritroide mediante el control de los niveles de los factores de transcripción mieloide y eritroide spi1 y gata1, respectivamente, mediante la estimulación de gcsf y mcsf. Este modelo de pez cebra deficiente en TR ilumina el papel extracurricular de TR, y podría establecer dianas terapéuticas para la disqueratosis congénita., The zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study in vivo the role of telomerase in hematopoiesis - Objectives. The specific objectives of the present work are: 1. Development of a new luciferase-based reporter system for studying both constitutive and inducible promoters in the context of a whole organism. 2. Study the non-canonical role of the telomerase RNA component (TR) in hematopoiesis using the zebrafish. - Methodology. Zebrafish embryos were genetically modified by injecting plasmids, morpholinos and RNA (alone or in combination) whitin the 1- to 8-cell developmental stage to simulate the different experimental conditions. For approaching the first goal, the study of the promoter activity in the context of a whole organism was carried out by measurement of luminiscence. To addressing the second goal, the counting of the different blood cells in the different experimental conditions was carried out by specific staining with TSA (neutrophils) or o-dianisidine (erythrocytes), or by using different transgenic zebrafish lines expressing fluorescent proteins in neutrophils or macrophages. The neutrophil functionality was studied by quantifying the recruitment to a wound and the response to a bacterial infection. The telomerase activity was determined by using a specific and quantitative assay based in the amplification of the telomere sequence and called Q-TRAP, and the telomere length was quantified by a whole-mount in situ hybridization with a fluorescent telomeric probe (Q-FISH). The study of gene expression was carried out by RT-PCR and real time PCR, and also by in situ hybridization with RNA probes. Zebrafish were maintained as described in the zebrafish handbook. The experiments performed comply with the Guidelines of the European Union Council (86/609/EU). Experiments and procedures were performed as approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca” (Spain) and by the Children's Hospital Boston institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (USA). - Results and conclusions. Firstly, we have adapted the classical dual luciferase reporter assay from cell lines to whole zebrafish embryos/larvae. The result is a rapid and sensitive technique that can be used as a new tool to characterize the minimum promoter region of a gene as well as the in vivo response of inducible promoters to different stimuli. We have illustrated the usefulness of this system for studying both constitutive and inducible promoters. This assay has several advantages compared with the classical in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo (transgenic mice) approaches. Among others, the assay allows a rapid and quantitative measurement of the effects of particular genes or drugs in a given promoter in the context of a whole organism and it can also be used in high throughput screening experiments. We have showed several evidences supporting the zebrafish as a new model to study the role of the telomerase RNA component (TR) in DC, which is an inherited premature disease whose patients usually die of bone marrow failure. In this model, genetic depletion of TR results in impaired myelopoiesis, despite normal development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Interestingly, the neutropenia caused by TR depletion is independent of telomere length and telomerase activity. Genetic analysis shows that TR modulates the myeloid-erythroid fate decision by controlling the levels of the master myeloid and erythroid transcription factors spi1 and gata1, respectively, through stimulation of gcsf and mcsf. This model of TR deficiency in the zebrafish illuminates the non-canonical roles of TR, and could establish therapeutic targets for DC.
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- 2018
13. Inflammasome Regulates Hematopoiesis through Cleavage of the Master Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA1
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Tyrkalska, Sylwia D., primary, Pérez-Oliva, Ana B., additional, Rodríguez-Ruiz, Lola, additional, Martínez-Morcillo, Francisco J., additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, Martínez-Navarro, Francisco J., additional, Lachaud, Christophe, additional, Ahmed, Nouraiz, additional, Schroeder, Timm, additional, Pardo-Sánchez, Irene, additional, Candel, Sergio, additional, López-Muñoz, Azucena, additional, Choudhuri, Avik, additional, Rossmann, Marlies P., additional, Zon, Leonard I., additional, Cayuela, María L., additional, García-Moreno, Diana, additional, and Mulero, Victoriano, additional
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- 2019
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14. Application of the dual-luciferase reporter assay to the analysis of promoter activity in Zebrafish embryos
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Mulero Victoriano, Alcaraz-Pérez Francisca, and Cayuela María L
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract Background The dual-luciferase assay has been widely used in cell lines to determine rapidly but accurately the activity of a given promoter. Although this strategy has proved very useful, it does not allow the promoter and gene function to be analyzed in the context of the whole organism. Results Here, we present a rapid and sensitive assay based on the classical dual-luciferase reporter technique which can be used as a new tool to characterize the minimum promoter region of a gene as well as the in vivo response of inducible promoters to different stimuli. We illustrate the usefulness of this system for studying both constitutive (telomerase) and inducible (NF-κB-dependent) promoters. The flexibility of this assay is demonstrated by induction of the NF-κB-dependent promoters using simultaneous microinjection of different pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as with the use of morpholino-gene mediated knockdown. Conclusion This assay has several advantages compared with the classical in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo (transgenic mice) approaches. Among others, the assay allows a rapid and quantitative measurement of the effects of particular genes or drugs in a given promoter in the context of a whole organism and it can also be used in high throughput screening experiments.
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- 2008
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15. Identification of an Evolutionarily Conserved Ankyrin Domain-Containing Protein, Caiap, Which Regulates Inflammasome-Dependent Resistance to Bacterial Infection
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Tyrkalska, Sylwia D., primary, Candel, Sergio, additional, Pérez-Oliva, Ana B., additional, Valera, Ana, additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, García-Moreno, Diana, additional, Cayuela, María L., additional, and Mulero, Victoriano, additional
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- 2017
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16. El pez cebra, al servicio de la investigación en cáncer
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Cayuela Fuentes, María Luisa, Alcaraz Pérez, Francisca, and Angelín Flageu, Monique
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616 - Patología. Medicina clínica. Oncología - Published
- 2012
17. A non-canonical function of telomerase RNA in the regulation of developmental myelopoiesis in zebrafish
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Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, primary, García-Castillo, Jesús, additional, García-Moreno, Diana, additional, López-Muñoz, Azucena, additional, Anchelin, Monique, additional, Angosto, Diego, additional, Zon, Leonard I., additional, Mulero, Victoriano, additional, and Cayuela, María L., additional
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- 2014
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18. Identification and functional characterization of a new IL-1 family member, IL-1Fm2, in most evolutionarily advanced fish
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Angosto, Diego, primary, Montero, Jana, additional, López-Muñoz, Azucena, additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, Bird, Steve, additional, Sarropoulou, Elena, additional, Abellán, Emilia, additional, Meseguer, José, additional, Sepulcre, María P, additional, and Mulero, Victoriano, additional
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- 2013
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19. Premature aging in telomerase-deficient zebrafish
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Anchelin, Monique, primary, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, Martínez, Carlos M., additional, Bernabé-García, Manuel, additional, Mulero, Victoriano, additional, and Cayuela, María L., additional
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- 2013
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20. TNF receptors regulate vascular homeostasis in zebrafish through a caspase-8, caspase-2 and P53 apoptotic program that bypasses caspase-3
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Espín, Raquel, primary, Roca, Francisco J., additional, Candel, Sergio, additional, Sepulcre, María P., additional, González-Rosa, Juan M., additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, Meseguer, José, additional, Cayuela, María L., additional, Mercader, Nadia, additional, and Mulero, Victoriano, additional
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- 2012
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21. Behaviour of Telomere and Telomerase during Aging and Regeneration in Zebrafish
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Anchelin, Monique, primary, Murcia, Laura, additional, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, García-Navarro, Esther M., additional, and Cayuela, María L., additional
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- 2011
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22. Evolution of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Recognition and Signaling: Fish TLR4 Does Not Recognize LPS and Negatively Regulates NF-κB Activation
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Sepulcre, María P., primary, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, additional, López-Muñoz, Azucena, additional, Roca, Francisco J., additional, Meseguer, José, additional, Cayuela, María L., additional, and Mulero, Victoriano, additional
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- 2009
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23. Application of the dual-luciferase reporter assay to the analysis of promoter activity in Zebrafish embryos
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Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, primary, Mulero, Victoriano, additional, and Cayuela, María L, additional
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- 2008
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24. Identification and functional characterization of a new IL-1 family member, IL-1Fm2, in most evolutionarily advanced fish.
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Angosto, Diego, Montero, Jana, López-Muñoz, Azucena, Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Bird, Steve, Sarropoulou, Elena, Abellán, Emilia, Meseguer, José, Sepulcre, María P, and Mulero, Victoriano
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INTERLEUKIN-1 ,INFLAMMATION ,IMMUNITY ,OSTEICHTHYES ,TETRAODONTIFORMES ,IMMUNE response in fishes ,GENE expression in fishes - Abstract
The IL-1 family consists of 11 members that play an important role as key mediators in inflammation and immunity. Here, we report the identification of a new member of the IL-1 family (IL-1Fm2) that is present in species belonging to the most evolutionarily advanced group of teleost fish (Series Percomorpha), including Perciformes, Beloniformes, Gasterosteiformes, Cyprinodontiformes and Pleuronectiformes. However, IL-1Fm2 seems to be absent in Tetraodontiformes, which also belong to the Percomorpha. The expression pattern of gilthead seabream IL-1Fm2 revealed that although it was hardly induced by PAMPs, the combination of PAMPs and recombinant IL-1Fm2 synergistically induced its expression in macrophages and granulocytes. In addition, recombinant IL-1Fm2 was able to activate the respiratory burst of seabream phagocytes and to synergistically induce the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 when combined with PAMPs. Finally, although gilthead seabream IL-1Fm2 did not show a conserved caspase-1 processing site, macrophages processed IL-1Fm2 before being released. However, both pan-caspase and caspase-1 inhibitors failed to inhibit the processing and release of IL-1Fm2. These results demonstrate an important role of IL-1Fm2 in the regulation of fish immune responses, shed light on the evolution of the IL-1 family in vertebrates and point to the complexity of this cytokine family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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25. TNF receptors regulate vascular homeostasis in zebrafish through a caspase-8, caspase-2 and P53 apoptotic program that bypasses caspase-3
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Espín, Raquel, Roca, Francisco J., Candel, Sergio, Sepulcre, María P., González-Rosa, Juan M., Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Meseguer, José, Cayuela, María L., Mercader, Nadia, and Mulero, Victoriano
- Abstract
Although it is known that tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signaling plays a crucial role in vascular integrity and homeostasis, the contribution of each receptor to these processes and the signaling pathway involved are still largely unknown. Here, we show that targeted gene knockdown of TNFRSF1B in zebrafish embryos results in the induction of a caspase-8, caspase-2 and P53-dependent apoptotic program in endothelial cells that bypasses caspase-3. Furthermore, the simultaneous depletion of TNFRSF1A or the activation of NF-κB rescue endothelial cell apoptosis, indicating that a signaling balance between both TNFRs is required for endothelial cell integrity. In endothelial cells, TNFRSF1A signals apoptosis through caspase-8, whereas TNFRSF1B signals survival via NF-κB. Similarly, TNFα promotes the apoptosis of human endothelial cells through TNFRSF1A and triggers caspase-2 and P53 activation. We have identified an evolutionarily conserved apoptotic pathway involved in vascular homeostasis that provides new therapeutic targets for the control of inflammation- and tumor-driven angiogenesis.
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- 2013
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26. Función de la telomerasa en envejecimiento y rejuvenecimiento. Búsqueda de compuestos bioactivos que regulen su actividad
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Hernández Silva, David, Cayuela Fuentes, María Luisa, Alcaraz Pérez, Francisca, and Pérez Sánchez, Horacio Emilio
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Modelos de Pez Cebra ,Escrutinio in Silico e in Vivo ,Envejecimiento - Abstract
El envejecimiento es un proceso biológico fundamental que ocurre de forma universal en el que se producen diferentes cambios tanto a nivel molecular como celular, dando lugar a la aparición de diferentes enfermedades como la diabetes, las enfermedades degenerativas, el síndrome metabólico, la inflamación crónica e incluso el cáncer. Por ello, en la actualidad existe un gran interés por ralentizar o retrasar el proceso de envejecimiento, así como las enfermedades relacionadas con el mismo. En esta Tesis, hemos desarrollado modelos de envejecimiento prematuro, incluyendo los producidos por acortamiento telomérico o inflamación de bajo grado, para el cribado fenotípico de fármacos. Es importante destacar que la fisiología y la respuesta química se conservan en su mayoría entre el pez cebra y los mamíferos, incluyendo los procesos que conducen al envejecimiento. Hemos combinado estrategias de cribado de VS e in vivo para elegir los mejores compuestos. Se han aplicado métodos basados en la estructura (acoplamiento proteína-ligando) y en el ligando (mapeo farmacóforo) al resveratrol y al navitoclax como moléculas diana. Las técnicas de VS revelaron una lista de polifenoles y compuestos senolíticos que se probaron en modelos de pez cebra de envejecimiento prematuro. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar una novedosa e inesperada función antiinflamatoria para los senolíticos y funciones protectoras antienvejecimiento para las moléculas antioxidantes en nuestros modelos de envejecimiento prematuro. Se necesita mucha más investigación para aclarar el mecanismo de acción de ambos tipos de compuestos (senolíticos y polifenoles) que esperamos puedan ayudar a mejorar las enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento y a mejorar la esperanza de vida. Medicina
- Published
- 2022
27. Función no canónica de la enzima telomerasa en el preceso de metástasis: nuevas estrategias para predicción de agresividad en tumores
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Bernabé García, Manuel, Cayuela Fuentes, Mª Luisa, Alcaraz Pérez, Francisca, and Facultad de Medicina
- Subjects
Enzimas ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::616 - Patología. Medicina clínica. Oncología [CDU] ,5 - Ciencias puras y naturales::57 - Biología::577 - Bioquímica. Biología molecular. Biofísica [CDU] ,Metastasis - Abstract
En el presente trabajo se proponen los siguientes objetivos concretos: 1. Caracterización del mecanismo por el que la sobre-expresión de TERT influye en el aumento de la invasión y metástasis de células tumorales. 2. Validación del modelo de pez cebra para el estudio de la invasividad de células humanas mediante experimentos de xenotrasplante. Material y métodos Se estudió el papel extracurricular de la telomerasa en distintas líneas cancerígenas utilizando el pez cebra como modelo animal de xenotrasplante, viendo el porcentaje de invasión en larvas de 3 días post inyección. Los peces se microinyectaban con celulas teñidas con CM-Dil , un colorante vital y a los tres días se veía el resultado. Se estudió mediadnte PCR cuantitativa la expresion de distintos miRNAs que están regulados por la telomerasa, en concreto el miR 500, que esta sobreexpresado. Para entender mejor si esta regulacion del miR 500 esta correlacionada con la invasión celular en pez cebra, se realizaron transfecciones, sobreexpresando e inhibiendo miR 500 y viendo que hay una correlación entre miR 500 y la invasión en el modelo de pez cebra. Se estudió el papel de la hTERT como regulador del cluster donde está el miR 500 , para ello se realizo una imnunoprecipitación de la cromatina(CHIP) y se amplificaron unas regiones aguas arriba del miR 500 mediante PCR cuantitativa. Para confirmar estos datos de la unión de hTERT aguas arriba del miR 500 se desarrolló un experimento de luciferasa. Se clonó la región aguas arriba del miR 500 y vimos si la relación firefly/renila aumenta al tener más telomerasa o al contrario, descendía al inhibir la telomerasa. Para descartar que el efecto era independiente de la telomerasa, se realizo el experimento de luciferasa con un dominate negativo de hTERT que no tiene actividad telomerasa, y se vio que actuaba aumentando la expresión de luciferasa. Confirmando nuestras hipótesis se realizaron suceivas PCRs cuantitativas para ver si hTERT regulaba no solo el miR 500 sino también el cluster. Estos datos en celulas se reflejaron en pacientes de mama analizando la expresión de miR 500 en pacientes con cáncer de mama y viendo las diferencias entre sano y tumoral. Conclusiones Los resultados de este trabajo conducen a las siguientes conclusiones: 1. La sobre-expresión de hTERT en células de osteosarcoma (hTERT-SAOS 2), que mantienen su longitud telomerica por medio del mecanismo alternativo ALT, incrementa su agresividad en los experimentos de xenotransplante en pez cebra con respecto al control (pBABE-SAOS 2). 2. La sobre-expresión de hTERT afecta a la expresión de un grupo de microRNAS, entre ellos miR500a. 3. miR-500a desempenia una funcion fundamental en la capacidad invasiva de las celulas de osteosarcoma, ya que su sobre-expresión o su inhibición aumenta la invasión o la disminuye, respectivamente, en experimentos de xenotrasplante en pez cebra. 4. hTERT regula la expresión de mir500a a través de la unión directa a una región aguas arriba de dicho microRNA. Esa región regula la expresion de todo el grupo de genes (hsa-miR500a, hsa-miR-362, hsa-mir-500b y hsa-miR-502) excepto a hsa-miR532, que se encuentra aguas arriba de la región. 5. La región reguladora de 2 Kb aguas arriba del grupo de microRNAs a la que se une hTERT, tiene actividad promotora. 6. Se han identificado algunas de las dianas de mRNA por las que miR500a podría actuar en cáncer. Estas dianas están implicadas en rutas moleculares tan importantes y decisivas en cáncer como Hedgehog y Wnt / β- Catenina. 7. mir500a constituye un marcador de agresividad en cáncer de mama y puede ser utilizado para pronóstico y como diana terapéutica. 8. El pez cebra es un modelo excepcional para predecir la capacidad invasiva de células tumorales. Objetives The specific objectives of the present work are: 1. Characterization of the mechanism by which TERT overexpression influences the increased invasion capacity and metastasis of tumor cells. 2. Validation of the zebrafish model to study the invasion capacity of human tumor cells by xenograft experiments. Material and methods: The extracurricular role of telomerase was studied in different cancerous lines using the zebrafish model as an animal for xenotransplantation, measuring the invasion of percentage 3-day post-injection of the larvae. The fish were microinjected with tumor cells that previously was stained with CM-Dil, a vital dye that blind to the cell membrane and three days later We can obserbe the result in a Fluorescence stereomicroscope with a cherry filter. The miRNAs expression are regulated for the human trascriptase reverse of the telomerase and It was measure by RT-PCR specifically the miR 500 was statistically significant. To better understand if the regulatory mechanism of miR 500 is correlated with cellular invasion in zebrafish, Transfections were performed, overexpressing and inhibiting miR 500 and seeing that there is a correlation between miR 500 and the invasion in the zebrafish model. We studied the role of hTERT as regulator of the cluster where the miR 500 is, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) was performed and regions upstream of miR 500 were amplified by quantitative PCR. We used diferent primer to find the hypothetical region in which blind human telomerase. A luciferase experiment was performed to confirm the binding upstream of the miR 500 of hTERT. The miR 500 upstream region was cloned and we saw if the firefly / renilla ratio increases by having more telomerase or conversely, it decreased by inhibiting telomerase. To rule out that the effect was independent of telomerase, the luciferase experiment was performed with a dominant hTERT negative that don´t have telomerase activity because are mutated in the catalytic region. And the data was shown to act by increasing luciferase expression. Confirming our hypotheses, we performed succesive RT- PCRs to show if hTERT regulated miR 500 and the rest of the miRNA cluster . These data “in vitro”with cancer cells lines were reflected in breast patients by analyzing the expression of miR 500 in patients with breast cancer that in pathological anatomy had excised the breast and the result showed differences between healthy patients and tumor breast cancer patients. 5. Conclusions The results obtained in this work lead to the following conclusions: 1. hTERT overexpression in Sarcoma osteogenic cells (hTERT-SAOS 2), which maintain their telomere length through the alternative mechanism ALT, increases their aggressiveness in zebrafish xenograft experiments compared to control (pBABE-SAOS 2). 2. hTERT overexpression affects the expression of a microRNAs cluster that includes miR-500a. 3. miR-500a plays an essential role in the invasion capacity of osteosarcoma cells, since its overexpression or inhibition increases or decreases the invasion, respectively, in zebrafish xenograft experiments. 4. miR-500a expression is regulated by hTERT through the direct binding to an upstream region of miR-500a. This region regulates the expression of all the cluster genes (hsa-miR500a, hsa-miR-362, hsa-mir-500b and hsa-miR-502) except for hsa-miR532, which is upstream of this region. 5. A 2 Kb regulatory region upstream the microRNA-500a has promoter activity and this promoter is regulated by human TERT. 6. We have identified some mRNA targets through which miR-500a could act in cancer. These targets are involved in important cancer pathways, such as Hedgehog and Wnt / β- Catenina pathways. 7. miR-500a constitutes an aggressiveness marker in breast cancer and can be used for prognosis and as a therapeutic target. 8. The zebrafish is an exceptional model for predicting the degree of invasiveness of tumor cells.
- Published
- 2018
28. Evolution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition and signaling: fish TLR4 does not recognize LPS and negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation.
- Author
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Sepulcre MP, Alcaraz-Pérez F, López-Muñoz A, Roca FJ, Meseguer J, Cayuela ML, and Mulero V
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Biological Evolution, Blotting, Western, Gene Expression, Humans, Leukocytes metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 immunology, NF-kappa B metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Toll-Like Receptor 4 genetics, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism, Transfection, Zebrafish, Fishes immunology, Leukocytes immunology, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, NF-kappa B immunology, Signal Transduction immunology, Toll-Like Receptor 4 immunology
- Abstract
It has long been established that lower vertebrates, most notably fish and amphibians, are resistant to the toxic effect of LPS. Furthermore, the lack of a TLR4 ortholog in some fish species and the lack of the essential costimulatory molecules for LPS activation via TLR4 (i.e., myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) and CD14) in all the fish genomes and expressed sequence tag databases available led us to hypothesize that the mechanism of LPS recognition in fish may be different from that of mammals. To shed light on the role of fish TLRs in LPS recognition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay to study NF-kappaB activation in whole zebrafish embryos was developed and three different bony fish models were studied: 1) the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, Perciformes), an immunological-tractable teleost model in which the presence of a TLR4 ortholog is unknown; 2) the spotted green pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis, Tetraodontiformes), which lacks a TLR4 ortholog; and 3) the zebrafish (Danio rerio, Cypriniformes), which possesses two TLR4 orthologs. Our results show that LPS signaled via a TLR4- and MyD88-independent manner in fish, and, surprisingly, that the zebrafish TLR4 orthologs negatively regulated the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. We think that the identification of TLR4 as a negative regulator of TLR signaling in the zebrafish, together with the absence of this receptor in most fish species, explains the resistance of fish to endotoxic shock and supports the idea that the TLR4 receptor complex for LPS recognition arose after the divergence of fish and tetrapods.
- Published
- 2009
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