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Introducción: El abandono terapéutico es definido como la interrupción del contacto con el personal de salud y con el tratamiento por un periodo mayor a 30 días. Objetivo: Describir el impacto de las estrategias para disminuir el abandono terapéutico implementadas en el Departamento de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica de un Hospital de referencia. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal y descriptivo de pacientes pediátricos con Cáncer diagnosticados entre enero de 2009 y agosto de 2012. Resultados: En este periodo, 404 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de cáncer. Provienen de zona rural 183 pacientes (45%) y de zona urbana 221 (55%). Poseen vivienda precaria 239 (59%) y vivienda moderada 165 (41%). Composición de la familia, casados 102 (25%), unión libre 157 (39%), separados 145 (36%). Poseen más de 4 miembros 285 (71%) y menos de 4 miembros 119 (29%). Poseen por lo menos un salario mínimo 103 (25%) y sin salario mínimo 301 (75%). Del total de pacientes evaluados, 327 (81%) reunían los criterios para catalogarlos con riesgo de abandono y 77 (19%) Sin Riesgo de abandono. Fueron realizadas 837 llamadas telefónicas, 25 visitas domiciliarias, 11 intervenciones judiciales. El abandono disminuyó en forma gradual desde el año 2009 3/114 (2,6%), en el año 2010 1/132 (0,75%), en el 2011 0/96 (0%), y 1/64 (1.5%) en el 2012. Discusión: La disminución del abandono en nuestra experiencia fue posible, a través de un abordaje multidisciplinario que incluye no solo al niño con diagnóstico oncológico sino además a su familia y la comunidad. Introduction: Patient dropout is defined as the interruption of treatment and contact with healthcare personnel for a period of more than 30 days. Objective: To describe the impact of strategies to reduce patient dropout used at the Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at a reference hospital in Paraguay. Material and Methods: We conducted a longitudinal descriptive study of children diagnosed with cancer at our institution between January 2009 and August 2012. Results: In that period 404 patients were diagnosed with cancer, of whom 183 (45%) were from rural areas and 221 (55%) from the Asuncion metropolitan area, while 239 (59%) lived in shanty housing, and 165 (41%) in moderate housing, with families headed by married couples in 102 cases (25%), common law couples in 157 cases (39%), and a single parent in 145 cases (36%). Families had more than 4 members in 285 cases (71%) and less than 4 members in 119 cases (29%). Family income was at least minimum wage in 103 (25%) homes and less than that in 301 (75%). Of the total sample, 327 (81%), met the criteria for classification as ‘at risk of refusal’ and 77 (19%) were deemed to be at no risk. Our efforts included 837 telephone contacts, 25 home visits, and 11 legal actions. Patient refusal fell gradually from 3/114 (2.6%) in 2009, to 1/132 (0.75%) in 2010, to 0/96 (0%) in 2011, and 1/64 (1.5%) in 2012. Discussion: The reduction in patient dropout in our study was possible due to a multidisciplinary effort that targeted not only the child diagnosed with cancer, but also his or her family and community.