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2. The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes

Author

McCrae, Robert R., Chan, Wayne, Jussim, Lee, De Fruyt, Filip, Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Realo, Anu, Allik, Jüri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Yik, Michelle, Ficková, Emília, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Reátigui, Norma, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martínez, Veronica, Rossier, Jérôme, Bratko, Denis, Marušić, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knežević, Goran, Purić, Danka, Martin, Thomas A., Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter B., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V.S., and Terracciano, Antonio

Published
2013
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4. The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study

Author

De Bolle, Marleen, De Fruyt, Filip, McCrae, Robert R., Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Costa, Paul T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas R., Chan, Wayne, Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret T., Fehr, Ryan, Ficková, Emília, Gelfand, Michele J., Graf, Sylvie, Gülgöz, Sami, Hřebíčková, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Lima, Margarida P., Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Purić, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reátegui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, and Terracciano, Antonio

Published
2015
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6. The attractive female body weight and female body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: results of the international body project I

Author

Swami, Viren, Frederick, David A., Aavik, Toivo, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Anderson, Donna, Andrianto, Sonny, Arora, Arvind, Brannstrom, Ake, Cunningham, John, Danel, Dariusz, Doroszewicz, Krystyna, Forbes, Gordon B., Furnham, Adrian, Greven, Corina U., Halberstadt, Jamin, Hao, Shuang, Haubner, Tanja, Hwang, Choon Sup, Inman, Mary, Jaafar, Jas Laile, Johansson, Jacob, Jung, Jaehee, Keser, A?k?n, Kretzschmar, Uta, Lachenicht, Lance, Li, Norman P., Locke, Kenneth, Lonnqvist, Jan-Erik, Lopez, Christy, Loutzenhiser, Lynn, Maisel, Natalya C., McCabe, Marita P., McCreary, Donald R., McKibbin, William F., Mussap, Alex, Neto, Felix, Nowell, Carly, Alampay, Liane Pena, Pillai, Subash K., Pokrajac-Bulian, Alessandra, Proyer, Rene T., Quintelier, Katinka, Ricciardelli, Lina A., Rozmus-Wrzesinska, Malgorzata, Ruch, Willibald, Russo, Timothy, Schutz, Astrid, Shackelford, Todd K., Shashidharan, Sheeba, Simonetti, Franco, Sinniah, Dhachayani, Swami, Mira, Vandermassen, Griet, Duynslaeger, Marijke van, Verkasalo, Markku, Voracek, Martin, Yee, Curtis K., Zhang, Echo Xian, Zhang, Xiaoying, and Zivcic-Becirevic, Ivanka

Subjects
Body weight -- Surveys, Women's fitness -- Surveys, Women's fitness -- International aspects, Body mass index -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.

Published
2010

8. Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: are models of self and of other pancultural constructs?

Author

Schmitt, David P., Alcalay, Lidia, Allensworth, Melissa, Allik, Juri, Ault, Lara, Austers, Ivars, Bennett, Kevin L., Bianchi, Gabriel, Boholst, Fredrick, Cunen, Mary Ann Borg, Braeckman, Johan, Brainerd, Edwin G., Jr., Caral, Leo Gerard A., Caron, Gabrielle, Casullo, Maria Martina, Cunningham, Michael, Daibo, Ikuo, De Backer, Charlotte, De Souza, Eros, Diaz-Loving, Rolando, Diniz, Glaucia, Durkin, Kevin, Echegaray, Marcela, Eremsoy, Ekin, Euler, Harald A., Falzon, Ruth, Fisher, Maryanne L., Foley, Dolores, Fowler, Robert, Fry, Douglas P., Fry, Sirpa, Ghayur, M. Arif, Giri, Vijai N., Golden, Debra L., Grammer, Karl, Grimaldi, Liria, Halberstadt, Jamin, Haque, Shamsul, Herrera, Dora, Hertel, Janine, Hitchell, Amanda, Hoffmann, Heather, Hooper, Danica, Hradilekova, Zuzana, Hudek-Kene-Evi, Jasna, Huffcutt, Allen, Jaafar, Jas, Jankauskaite, Margarita, Kabangu-Stahel, Heidi, Kardum, Igor, Khoury, Brigitte, Kwon, Hayrran, Laidra, Kaia, Laireiter, Anton-Rupert, Lakerveld, Dustin, Lampert, Ada, Lauri, Maryanne, Lavallee, Marguerite, Lee, Suk-Jae, Leung, Luk Chung, Locke, Kenneth D., Locke, Vance, Luksik, Ivan, Magaisa, Ishmael, Marcinkeviciene, Dalia, Mata, Andre, Mata, Rui, McCarthy, Barry, Mills, Michael E., Mkhize, Nhlanhla J., Moreira, Joao, Moreira, Sergio, Moya, Miguel, Munyae, M., Noller, Patricia, Olimat, Hmoud, Opre, Adrian, Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, Nebojsa, Poels, Karolien, Popper, Miroslav, Poulimenou, Maria, P'Yatokha, Volodymyr, Raymond, Michel, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reneau, Susan E., Rivera-Aragon, Sofia, Rowatt, Wade C., Ruch, Willibald, Rus, Velko S., Safir, Marilyn P., Salas, Sonia, Sambataro, Fabio, Sandnabba, Kenneth N., Schleeter, Rachel, Schulmeyer, Marion K., Schutz, Astrid, Scrimali, Tullio, Shackelford, Todd K., Sharan, Mithila B., Shaver, Phillip R., Sichona, Francis, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, Tilahun, Sookdew, R., Speelman, Tom, Spyrou, Spyros, Sumer, H. Canan, Sumer, Nebi, Supekova, Marianna, Szlendak, Tomasz, Taylor, Robin, Timmermans, Bert, Tooke, William, Tsaousis, Ioannis, Tungaraza, F.S.K., Turner, Ashley, Vandermassen, Griet, Vanhoomissen, Tim, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Vasey, Paul L., Verissimo, Joao, Voracek, Martin, Wan, Wendy W.N., Wang, Ta-Wei, Weiss, Peter Ulrich, Wijaya, Andik, Woertman, Liesbeth, Youn, Gahyun, and Zupaneie, Agata

Subjects
Sex -- Research, Sex -- Psychological aspects, Sex -- Social aspects, Ethnopsychology -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies. Keywords: romantic attachment; culture; internal working models; human mating strategies

Published
2004

9. Stereotypes of Age Differences in Personality Traits: Universal and Accurate?

Author

Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert R., De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Sutin, Angelina R., Realo, Anu, Allik, Jüri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, de Figueora, Nora Leibovich, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martínez, Veronica, Rossier, Jérôme, Bratko, Denis, Marušić, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knežević, Goran, Martin, Thomas A., Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter B., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V. S., and Terracciano, Antonio

Published
2012
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10. Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates

Author

Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert R., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatný, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Lima, Margarida P., Ficková, Emília, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hřebíčková, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich, Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Miramontez, Daniel R., Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Pramila, V. S., Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter B., Szmigielska, Barbara, Wang, Lei, Yamaguchi, Mami, and Yik, Michelle

Published
2009

11. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

SCHMITT, DAVID P., ALCALAY, LIDIA, ALLENSWORTH, MELISSA, ALLIK, JÜRI, AULT, LARA, AUSTERS, IVARS, BENNETT, KEVIN L., BIANCHI, GABRIEL, BOHOLST, FREDRICK, CUNEN, MARY ANN BORG, BRAECKMAN, JOHAN, BRAINERD, EDWIN G., JR., CARAL, LEO GERARD A., CARON, GABRIELLE, CASULLO, MARIA MARTINA, CUNNINGHAM, MICHAEL, DAIBO, IKUO, DE BACKER, CHARLOTTE, DE SOUZA, EROS, DIAZ-LOVING, ROLANDO, DINIZ, GLÁUCIA, DURKIN, KEVIN, ECHEGARAY, MARCELA, EREMSOY, EKIN, EULER, HARALD A., FALZON, RUTH, FISHER, MARYANNE L., FOLEY, DOLORES, FOWLER, ROBERT, FRY, DOUGLAS P., FRY, SIRPA, GHAYUR, M. ARIF, GIRI, VIJAI N., GOLDEN, DEBRA L., GRAMMER, KARL, GRIMALDI, LIRIA, HALBERSTADT, JAMIN, HAQUE, SHAMSUL, HERRERA, DORA, HERTEL, JANINE, HITCHELL, AMANDA, HOFFMANN, HEATHER, HOOPER, DANICA, HRADILEKOVA, ZUZANA, HUDEK-KENE-EVI, JASNA, HUFFCUTT, ALLEN, JAAFAR, JAS, JANKAUSKAITE, MARGARITA, KABANGU-STAHEL, HEIDI, KARDUM, IGOR, KHOURY, BRIGITTE, KWON, HAYRRAN, LAIDRA, KAIA, LAIREITER, ANTON-RUPERT, LAKERVELD, DUSTIN, LAMPERT, ADA, LAURI, MARYANNE, LAVALLÉE, MARGEURITE, LEE, SUK-JAE, LEUNG, LUK CHUNG, LOCKE, KENNETH D., LOCKE, VANCE, LUKSIK, IVAN, MAGAISA, ISHMAEL, MARCINKEVICIENE, DALIA, MATA, ANDRÉ, MATA, RUI, MCCARTHY, BARRY, MILLS, MICHAEL E., MKHIZE, NHLANHLA J., MOREIRA, JOÃO, MOREIRA, SÉRGIO, MOYA, MIGUEL, MUNYAE, M., NOLLER, PATRICIA, OLIMAT, HMOUD, OPRE, ADRIAN, PANAYIOTOU, ALEXIA, PETROVIC, NEBOJSA, POELS, KAROLIEN, POPPER, MIROSLAV, POULIMENOU, MARIA, PʼYATOKHA, VOLODYMYR, RAYMOND, MICHEL, REIPS, ULF-DIETRICH, RENEAU, SUSAN E., RIVERA-ARAGON, SOFIA, ROWATT, WADE C., RUCH, WILLIBALD, RUS, VELKO S., SAFIR, MARILYN P., SALAS, SONIA, SAMBATARO, FABIO, SANDNABBA, KENNETH N., SCHLEETER, RACHEL, SCHULMEYER, MARION K., SCHÜTZ, ASTRID, SCRIMALI, TULLIO, SHACKELFORD, TODD K., SHARAN, MITHILA B., SHAVER, PHILLIP R., SICHONA, FRANCIS, SIMONETTI, FRANCO, SINESHAW, TILAHUN, SOOKDEW, R., SPEELMAN, TOM, SPYROU, SPYROS, SÜMER, H. CANAN, SÜMER, NEBI, SUPEKOVA, MARIANNA, SZLENDAK, TOMASZ, TAYLOR, ROBIN, TIMMERMANS, BERT, TOOKE, WILLIAM, TSAOUSIS, IOANNIS, TUNGARAZA, F. S. K., TURNER, ASHLEY, VANDERMASSEN, GRIET, VANHOOMISSEN, TIM, OVERWALLE, FRANK VAN, VANWESENBEECK, INE, VASEY, PAUL L., VERISSIMO, JOÃO, VORACEK, MARTIN, WAN, WENDY W. N., WANG, TA-WEI, WEISS, PETER, WIJAYA, ANDIK, WOERTMAN, LIESBETH, YOUN, GAHYUN, and ZUPANÉIÉ, AGATA

Published
2003

13. Narcissism and the Strategic Pursuit of Short-Term Mating:Universal Links across 11 World Regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2

Author

Schmitt, David P., Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Alves, I. C.B., Anderson, Craig A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, Jens B., Austers, Ivars, Balaguer, Isabel, Baptista, Américo, Bender, Sóley S., Bennett, Kevin, Bianchi, Gabriel, Birashk, Behrooz, Bleske-Rechek, April, Boholst, Fredrick A., Boothroyd, Lynda, Borja, Teresa, Bos, Arjan, Brainerd, Edwin, Brase, Gary L., Brites, José, Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, Mark, Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, Andrea Camperio, Caral, Leo Gerard A., Carnelley, Katherine B., Carvalho, Marina, Casson, Janette, Castillo, Isabel, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, Casullo, Mariamartina, Chirkov, Valery I., Choi, Jean, Cohen, Danielle, Collin-Hansen, Cecilie Amalie, Commisso, Melissa A., Consuegra, Elvira, Cordovez, Lorena, Cukur, Cem Safak, Cunen, Mary Ann Borg, Cunningham, Michael, Curl, Laytonseth, Daniel, Petra, Denissen, Jaap J.A., Desmarais, Serge, Desouza, Eros, Diaz-Loving, Rolando, Elias, M. Shamsuddin, Endriulaitiene, Aukse, Eremsoy, Ekin, Expósito, Francisca, Falzon, Ruth, Fernández, Ana María, Fernando, Kumari, Ferreira, José H.B.P., Fink, Bernhard, Fisher, Maryanne, Fitness, Julie, Flowers, Karissa, Frederick, David, Fry, Sirpa, Fukushima, Osamu, Gaines, Stanley O., Galliher, Renee V., Gandari, E., Geher, Glenn, Gentile, Douglas A., Geri, Jessica M., Giri, Veda N, Golden, Deborah, Gordon, Fiona, Gordon, Kristina C. C., Grammer, Karl, Grimaldi, Liria, Giunta, Stephen, Hajdú, Endre, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hald, Gert, Halim, Magdalena S., Haque, Shamsul, Harlem, Siri Katinka, Hearns, Krystle A., Heaven, Patrick, Helweg-Larsen, Marie, Herrera, Eduardowills, Herrera, Dora, Hertel, Janine, Hoffmann, Heather, Høgh-Olesen, Henrik, Houle, Barbara J., Hudek-Knezevic, Jasna, Jaafar, Jas Laile, Kafetsios, Konstantinos, Kardum, Igor, Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen, Khoury, Brigitte, Kökény, Tibor, Koller, Silvia H., Konrads, Solvina, Kraft, John R., Kuhle, Barry X., Kun, Agota, Laireiter, Anton Rupert, Lanyi, Katalin, Lauri, Maryanne, Lavy, Shiri, Lawal, Olufemi Adigun, Legkauskas, Visvaldas, Li, Chen, Lin, Hung Yu, Lloyd, Robert, Locke, Kenneth D., Lombardo, Sylvie A., Luksik, Ivan, Lythe, Brian, Lyubomirsky, Sonja, Malinen, Sanna, Martin, Heather J., Mashego, Teresa Anne B., Mills, Michael E., Mikulincer, Mario, Mordeno, Imelu G., Moya, Miguel, Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, Mark, Neyer, Franz J., Nyborg, Helmuth, Oliveira, V. B., Opre, Adrian, Osman, Suzanne L., Paulhus, Delroy L., Pawlowski, Boguslaw, Penke, Lars, Peplau, Letitia Anne, Petrovic, Nebojsa, Platek, Steven M., Podobnik, Nuška, Polonyi, Tünde, Popper, Miroslav, Reips, Ulf Dietrich, Rowatt, Wade C., Ruch, Willibald, Rukuni, Margaret Makore, Rus, Velko S., Sagarin, Brad J., Sakaguchi, Kikue, Salas, Sonia, Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, Pekka, Schachner, Dory A., Schmidt, Monika, Schütz, Astrid, Shackelford, Todd K., Shaver, Phillip R., Sibisi, Lindiwe B.T., Sichona, Francis, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, Tilahun, Souma, Toshihiko, Stanojevic, Tatjana Stefanovic, Sukiennik, Irmina, Sümer, Nebi, Szeghy, Petra, Szente, Sara Leyla, Szlendak, Tomasz, Tefera, Daniel, Thoma, Niki, Tifferet, Sigal, Tkach, Chris, Tordai, Zita, Tranthan, Eleanor, Tsaousis, Ioannis, Tungaraza, F. S.K., Van Duynslaeger, Marijke, Van Empelen, Pepijn, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Varella, Marco Antônio Corrêa, Vera-Villarroel, Pablo, Voracek, Martin, Vorontsov, Dmitry, Wan, Wendy, Weiss, Petr, Welsh, Deborah P., Widyatmoko, Siswa, Woertman, Liesbeth, Wood, Eileen, Woodward, Lucinda, Ye, Hai, Youn, Gahyun, and Zupančič, Agata

Subjects
Narcissism, Cross-cultural psychology, Sexuality, Personality
Abstract

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating. Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.

Published
2017

14. Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2

Author

Schmitt, David, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Alves, I.C.B., Anderson, Craig, Angelini, A.L., Asendorpf, Jens, Austers, Ivars, Balaguer, Isabel, Baptista, Américo, Bender, Sóley, Bennett, Kevin, Bianchi, Gabriel, Birashk, Behrooz, Bleske, April, Boholst, Fredrick, Boothroyd, Lynda, Borg Cunen, Mary, Borja, Teresa, Bos, Arjan, Brainerd, Edwin, Brase, Gary, Brites, José, Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, Mark, Camilleri, J.A., Camperio Ciani, Andrea, Caral, Leo, Carnelley, Katherine, Carvalho, Marina, Casson, Janette, Castillo, Isabel, Castro, Alejandro, Casullo, Maria, Chirkov, Valery, Choi, Jean, Cohen, Danielle, Collin-Hansen, Cecilie, Commisso, Melissa, Consuegra, Elvira, Cordovez, Lorena, Corrêa Varella, Marco, Cukur, Cem, Cunningham, Michael, Curl, Layton, Daniel, Petra, Denissen, Jaap, Desmarais, Serge, DeSouza, Eros, Diaz, Rolando, Duynslaeger, Marijke, Elias, M., Endriulaitiene, Aukse, Eremsoy, Ekin, Expósito, Francisca, Falzon, Ruth, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fernando, Kumari, Ferreira, José, Fink, Bernhard, Fisher, Maryanne, Fitness, Julie, Flowers, Karissa, Frederick, David, Fry, Sirpa, Fukushima, Osamu, Gaines Jr., Stanley, Galliher, Renee, Gandari, E., Geher, Glenn, Gentile, Douglas, Geri, Jessica, Giri, V.N., Giunta, Stephen, Golden, Deborah, Gordon, Kristina, Gordon, Fiona, Grammer, Karl, Grimaldi, Liria, Hajdú, Endre, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hald, Gert, Halim, Magdalena, Haque, Shamsul, Harlem, Siri, Hearns, Krystle, Heaven, Patrick, Helweg, Marie, Herrera, Eduardo, Herrera, Dora, Hertel, Janine, Hoffmann, Heather, Høgh, Henrik, Houle, Barbara, Hudek, Jasna, Jaafar, Jas, Kafetsios, Konstantinos, Kardum, Igor, Khoury, Brigitte, Kökény, Tibor, Koller, Silvia, Konrads, Solvina, Kraft, John, Kuhle, Barry, Kun, Agota, Lányi, Katalin, Lauri, Maryanne, Lavy, Shiri, Lawal, Olufemi, Legkauskas, Visvaldas, Li, Chen, Lloyd, Robert, Locke, Kenneth, Lombardo, Sylvie, Luksik, Ivan, Lythe, Brian, Lyubomirsky, Sonja, Malinen, Sanna, Martin, Heather, Mikulincer, Mario, Mills, Michael, Mordeno, Imelu, Moya, Miguel, Ndeya, C., Nelissen, Mark, Neyer, Franz, Nyborg, Helmuth, Oliveira, V.B., Opre, Adrian, Osman, Suzanne, Ottesen Kennair, Leif, Overwalle, Frank, Paulhus, Delroy, Pawlowski, Boguslaw, Penke, Lars, Peplau, Letitia, Petrovic, Nebojsa, Platek, Steven, Podobnik, Nuška, Polonyi, Tünde, Popper, Miroslav, Rowatt, Wade, Ruch, Willibald, Rukuni, Margaret, Rus, Velko, Sagarin, Brad, Sakaguchi, Kikue, Salas, Sonia, Sandnabba, N., Santtila, Pekka, Schachner, Dory, Schmidt, Monika, Schütz, Astrid, Shackelford, Todd, Shaver, Phillip, Sibisi, Lindiwe, Sichona, Francis, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, Tilahun, Souma, Toshihiko, Stefanovic Stanojevic, Tatjana, Sukiennik, Irmina, Sümer, Nebi, Szeghy, Petra, Szente, Sara, Szlendak, Tomasz, Tefera, Daniel, Thoma, Niki, Tifferet, Sigal, Tkach, Chris, Tordai, Zita, Tranthan, Eleanor, Tsaousis, Ioannis, Tungaraza, F.S.K., van Empelen, Pepijn, Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Vera, Pablo, Voracek, Martin, Vorontsov, Dmitry, Wan, Wendy, Weiss, Petr, Welsh, Deborah, Widyatmoko, Siswa, Woertman, Liesbeth, Wood, Eileen, Woodward, Lucinda, Ye, Hai, Youn, Gahyun, and Zupančič, Agata

Abstract

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.

Published
2017

15. Narcissism and the Strategic Pursuit of Short-Term Mating : Universal Links across 11 World Regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2

Author

Schmitt, David P., Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Alves, I.C.B., Anderson, Craig A., Angelini, Arrigo L., Asendorpf, Jens B., Austers, Ivars, Balaguer, Isabel, and Reips, Ulf-Dietrich

Subjects
Narcissism, sexuality, personality, cross-cultural psychology, ddc:150
Abstract

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating. published

Published
2017

16. Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas:Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Author

Schmitt, David P., Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Alves, I. C.B., Anderson, Craig A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, Jens B., Austers, Ivars, Balaguer, Isabel, Baptista, Américo, Bender, Sóley S., Bennett, Kevin, Bianchi, Gabriel, Birashk, Behrooz, Bleske-Rechek, April, Boholst, Fredrick A., Boothroyd, Lynda, Borja, Teresa, Bos, Arjan, Brainerd, Edwin, Brase, Gary L., Brites, José, Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, Mark, Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, Andrea Camperio, Caral, Leo Gerard A., Carnelley, Katherine B., Carvalho, Marina, Casson, Janette, Castillo, Isabel, Castro, Alejandro, Casullo, Mariamartina, Chirkov, Valery I., Choi, Jean, Cohen, Danielle, Collin-Hansen, Cecilie Amalie, Commisso, Melissa A., Consuegra, Elvira, Cordovez, Lorena, Cukur, Cem Safak, Cunen, Mary Ann Borg, Cunningham, Michael, Curl, Laytonseth, Daniel, Petra, Denissen, Jaap J.A., Desmarais, Serge, Desouza, Eros, Diaz-Loving, Rolando, Elias, M. Shamsuddin, Endriulaitiene, Aukse, Eremsoy, Ekin, Expósito, Francisca, Falzon, Ruth, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fernando, Kumari, Ferreira, José H.B.P., Fink, Bernhard, Fisher, Maryanne, Fitness, Julie, Flowers, Karissa, Frederick, David, Fry, Sirpa, Fukushima, Osamu, Gaines, Stanley O., Galliher, Renee V., Gandari, E., Geher, Glenn, Gentile, Douglas A., Geri, Jessica M., Giri, V. N., Golden, Deborah, Gordon, Fiona, Gordon, Kristina C., Grammer, Karl, Grimaldi, Liria, Giunta, Stephen, Hajdú, Endre, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hald, Gert, Halim, Magdalena S., Haque, Shamsul, Harlem, Siri Katinka, Hearns, Krystle A., Heaven, Patrick, Helweg-Larsen, Marie, Herrera, Eduardowills, Herrera, Dora, Hertel, Janine, Hoffmann, Heather, Høgh-Olesen, Henrik, Houle, Barbara J., Hudek-Knezevic, Jasna, Jaafar, Jas, Kafetsios, Konstantinos, Kardum, Igor, Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen, Khoury, Brigitte, Kökény, Tibor, Koller, Silvia, Konrads, Solvina, Kraft, John R., Kuhle, Barry X., Kun, Agota, Laireiter, Anton Rupert, Lányi, Katalin, Lauri, Maryanne, Lavy, Shiri, Lawal, Olufemi Adigun, Legkauskas, Visvaldas, Li, Chen, Lin, Hung Yu, Lloyd, Robert, Locke, Kenneth D., Lombardo, Sylvie A., Luksik, Ivan, Lythe, Brian, Lyubomirsky, Sonja, Malinen, Sanna, Martin, Heather J., Mashego, Teresa Anne B., Mills, Michael E., Mikulincer, Mario, Mordeno, Imelu G., Moya, Miguel, Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, Mark, Neyer, Franz J., Nyborg, Helmuth, Oliveira, V. B., Opre, Adrian, Osman, Suzanne L., Paulhus, Delroy L., Pawlowski, Boguslaw, Penke, Lars, Peplau, Letitia Anne, Petrovic, Nebojsa, Platek, Steven M., Podobnik, Nuška, Polonyi, Tünde, Popper, Miroslav, Reips, Ulf Dietrich, Rowatt, Wade C., Ruch, Willibald, Rukuni, Margaret Makore, Rus, Velko S., Sagarin, Brad J., Sakaguchi, Kikue, Salas, Sonia, Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, Pekka, Schachner, Dory A., Schmidt, Monika, Schütz, Astrid, Shackelford, Todd K., Shaver, Phillip R., Sibisi, Lindiwe B.T., Sichona, Francis, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, Tilahun, Souma, Toshihiko, Stanojevic, Tatjana Stefanovic, Sukiennik, Irmina, Sümer, Nebi, Szeghy, Petra, Szente, Sara Leyla, Szlendak, Tomasz, Tefera, Daniel, Thoma, Niki, Tifferet, Sigal, Tkach, Chris, Tordai, Zita, Tranthan, Eleanor, Tsaousis, Ioannis, Tungaraza, F. S.K., Van Duynslaeger, Marijke, Van Empelen, Pepijn, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Varella, Marco Antônio Corrêa, Vera-Villarroel, Pablo, Voracek, Martin, Vorontsov, Dmitry, Wan, Wendy, Weiss, Petr, Welsh, Deborah P., Widyatmoko, Siswa, Woertman, Liesbeth, Wood, Eileen, Woodward, Lucinda, Ye, Hai, Youn, Gahyun, Zupančič, Agata, Schmitt, David P., Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Alves, I. C.B., Anderson, Craig A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, Jens B., Austers, Ivars, Balaguer, Isabel, Baptista, Américo, Bender, Sóley S., Bennett, Kevin, Bianchi, Gabriel, Birashk, Behrooz, Bleske-Rechek, April, Boholst, Fredrick A., Boothroyd, Lynda, Borja, Teresa, Bos, Arjan, Brainerd, Edwin, Brase, Gary L., Brites, José, Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, Mark, Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, Andrea Camperio, Caral, Leo Gerard A., Carnelley, Katherine B., Carvalho, Marina, Casson, Janette, Castillo, Isabel, Castro, Alejandro, Casullo, Mariamartina, Chirkov, Valery I., Choi, Jean, Cohen, Danielle, Collin-Hansen, Cecilie Amalie, Commisso, Melissa A., Consuegra, Elvira, Cordovez, Lorena, Cukur, Cem Safak, Cunen, Mary Ann Borg, Cunningham, Michael, Curl, Laytonseth, Daniel, Petra, Denissen, Jaap J.A., Desmarais, Serge, Desouza, Eros, Diaz-Loving, Rolando, Elias, M. Shamsuddin, Endriulaitiene, Aukse, Eremsoy, Ekin, Expósito, Francisca, Falzon, Ruth, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fernando, Kumari, Ferreira, José H.B.P., Fink, Bernhard, Fisher, Maryanne, Fitness, Julie, Flowers, Karissa, Frederick, David, Fry, Sirpa, Fukushima, Osamu, Gaines, Stanley O., Galliher, Renee V., Gandari, E., Geher, Glenn, Gentile, Douglas A., Geri, Jessica M., Giri, V. N., Golden, Deborah, Gordon, Fiona, Gordon, Kristina C., Grammer, Karl, Grimaldi, Liria, Giunta, Stephen, Hajdú, Endre, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hald, Gert, Halim, Magdalena S., Haque, Shamsul, Harlem, Siri Katinka, Hearns, Krystle A., Heaven, Patrick, Helweg-Larsen, Marie, Herrera, Eduardowills, Herrera, Dora, Hertel, Janine, Hoffmann, Heather, Høgh-Olesen, Henrik, Houle, Barbara J., Hudek-Knezevic, Jasna, Jaafar, Jas, Kafetsios, Konstantinos, Kardum, Igor, Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen, Khoury, Brigitte, Kökény, Tibor, Koller, Silvia, Konrads, Solvina, Kraft, John R., Kuhle, Barry X., Kun, Agota, Laireiter, Anton Rupert, Lányi, Katalin, Lauri, Maryanne, Lavy, Shiri, Lawal, Olufemi Adigun, Legkauskas, Visvaldas, Li, Chen, Lin, Hung Yu, Lloyd, Robert, Locke, Kenneth D., Lombardo, Sylvie A., Luksik, Ivan, Lythe, Brian, Lyubomirsky, Sonja, Malinen, Sanna, Martin, Heather J., Mashego, Teresa Anne B., Mills, Michael E., Mikulincer, Mario, Mordeno, Imelu G., Moya, Miguel, Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, Mark, Neyer, Franz J., Nyborg, Helmuth, Oliveira, V. B., Opre, Adrian, Osman, Suzanne L., Paulhus, Delroy L., Pawlowski, Boguslaw, Penke, Lars, Peplau, Letitia Anne, Petrovic, Nebojsa, Platek, Steven M., Podobnik, Nuška, Polonyi, Tünde, Popper, Miroslav, Reips, Ulf Dietrich, Rowatt, Wade C., Ruch, Willibald, Rukuni, Margaret Makore, Rus, Velko S., Sagarin, Brad J., Sakaguchi, Kikue, Salas, Sonia, Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, Pekka, Schachner, Dory A., Schmidt, Monika, Schütz, Astrid, Shackelford, Todd K., Shaver, Phillip R., Sibisi, Lindiwe B.T., Sichona, Francis, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, Tilahun, Souma, Toshihiko, Stanojevic, Tatjana Stefanovic, Sukiennik, Irmina, Sümer, Nebi, Szeghy, Petra, Szente, Sara Leyla, Szlendak, Tomasz, Tefera, Daniel, Thoma, Niki, Tifferet, Sigal, Tkach, Chris, Tordai, Zita, Tranthan, Eleanor, Tsaousis, Ioannis, Tungaraza, F. S.K., Van Duynslaeger, Marijke, Van Empelen, Pepijn, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Varella, Marco Antônio Corrêa, Vera-Villarroel, Pablo, Voracek, Martin, Vorontsov, Dmitry, Wan, Wendy, Weiss, Petr, Welsh, Deborah P., Widyatmoko, Siswa, Woertman, Liesbeth, Wood, Eileen, Woodward, Lucinda, Ye, Hai, Youn, Gahyun, and Zupančič, Agata

Abstract

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating., Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.

Published
2017

17. Socio-emotional Wellbeing in Educational Contexts: Perception of Chilean Students

Author

Berger, Christian, Milicic, Neva, Alcalay, Lidia, Torretti, Alejandra, Paz Arab, Maria, and Justiniano, Bernardita

Subjects
desarrollo socio-emocional, bienestar socio-emocional, contexto escolar, lcsh:L, percepción de estudiantes, lcsh:Education
Abstract

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study on socio- emotional wellbeing in Chilean students aimed at identifying, from the students’ own perspective, their needs and how educational contexts foster—or not—an integrated social- emotional development. Main results show the importance of interpersonal relationships within educational contexts and how they foster affective environments and determine how each child copes with and represents his or her school experience. Lack of non-violent conflict resolution strategies and spaces characterized by optimism were identified. Finally, ways to promote school attachment between students, teachers, and the school community are discussed.

Published
2009

18. Gender stereotypes of personality : universal and accurate?

Author

Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jérôme, Bratko, Denis, Marusic, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knezevic, Goran, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane E., Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V. S., Terracciano, Antonio, Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert R., De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, Bolle, Marleen de, Costa, Paul, Sutin, Angelina R., Realo, Anu, Allik, Jüri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Ficková, Emília, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Figueora, Nora Leibovich, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Department of psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), and HAL Nanterre, Administrateur

Subjects
[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Emotion Cognition et Comportement, [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.

Published
2014

19. Aprendizaje socioemocional en estudiantes de quinto y sexto grado: presentacion y evaluacion de impacto del programa BASE

Author

Milicic, Neva, Alcalay, Lidia, Berger, Christian, and Alamos, Pilar

Subjects
Aprendizagem socioemocional, Bem-estar, Ensino Fundamental, Aprendizaje socioemocional, Bienestar, Enseñanza general basica, Socioemotional learning, Wellbeing, Primary school
Abstract

This article presents the development and impact evaluation of a program to enhance the wellbeing and socioemotional learning of 5th and 6th graders: The BASE program. Based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional learning, the emphasis of the program is oriented towards fostering quality interpersonal bounds and the development of competencies that are necessary for this, integrating both individual and contextual factors and the generation of healthy and nurturing communities. The study features a quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group in order to assess the impact of the program. Results show a significant positive effect on self-esteem, social integration, and the perception of the school social climate of students who were part of the program, compared to their counterparts in the control group. These results are discussed in light of their potential implications for future educational interventions. Se presenta el desarrollo y evaluacion de impacto de un programa para favorecer el bienestar y aprendizaje socioemocional en estudiantes de quinto y sexto año de enseñanza general basica: el programa BASE. A partir de una revision teorica del aprendizaje socioemocional se fundamenta el enfasis del programa en el desarrollo de vinculos interpersonales de calidad y el desarrollo de las competencias necesarias para ello, integrando tanto factores a nivel del desarrollo individual como tambien del contexto que favorece este desarrollo, asi como la generacion de comunidades sanas y nutritivas. Se utilizo un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post con grupo control para evaluar el impacto del programa. Los resultados muestran un impacto significativo positivo del programa en la autoestima, integracion social, y percepcion del clima escolar de los estudiantes que participaron de el en comparacion al grupo control. Se discuten los resultados del programa y sus posibles implicancias para el desarrollo de intervenciones en este campo. O trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de impacto de um programa para favorecer o bem-estar e a aprendizagem socioemocional em estudantes de quinta e sexta serie de Ensino Fundamental: o programa BASE. Por meio de uma revisao teorica da aprendizagem socioemocional se fundamenta a enfase do programa no desenvolvimento de vinculos interpessoais de qualidade e o desenvolvimento das competencias necessarias, integrando fatores de desenvolvimento individual e do contexto que favorece o mencionado desenvolvimento, assim como a geração de comunidades sadias e nutritivas. Para avaliar o impacto do programa foi utilizado um desenho quase-experimental do tipo pre-post com grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram um impacto significativo positivo do programa na autoestima, integração social, e na percepcao do clima escolar dos estudantes que participaram, quando comparados com o grupo controle. Foram discutidos os resultados do programa e suas possiveis implicacoes para o desenvolvimento de intervencoes nesse campo.

Published
2013

20. Socio-emotional well-being and academic achievement: evidence from a multilevel approach

Author

Berger, Christian, Alcalay, Lidia, Torretti, Alejandra, and Milicic, Neva

Subjects
Bem-estar sócio-emocional, Multinivel, Academic achievement, Desempenho acadêmico, Multilevel, Socio-emotional wellbeing
Abstract

Even though social and emotional well-being has been proposed as a main goal of education, its association with academic achievement is usually overlooked, particularly considering that educational institutions are requested to show academic outcomes, and thus their focus is on cognitive development and academic training. This study adopts a multilevel perspective to test this association among Chilean elementary students, considering features at individual (socio-emotional well-being, self esteem, and social integration) and social levels (classroom social climate and social network characteristics). Results show that socio-emotional variables, and particularly teachers' ratings of their students' self esteem, are associated with academic achievement. Interaction effects of individual and contextual variables are presented, and implications for research and interventions are discussed. Apesar de que o bem-estar social e emocional tem sido proposto como uma meta principal da educação, sua associação com o desempenho acadêmico geralmente é negligenciado, especialmente considerando que as instituições educacionais são convidados a mostrar os resultados acadêmicos, e, portanto, o foco é no desenvolvimento cognitivo e da formação acadêmica. Este estudo adota uma perspectiva multinível para testar essa associação entre alunos chilenos do ensino fundamental, incluindo características individuais (bem-estar sócio-emocional, auto-estima e integração social) e sociais (clima social da aula e as características de rede social). Os resultados mostram que as variáveis sócio-emocionais, e em especial a percepção de professores da auto-estima de seus alunos, estão associados com desempenho acadêmico. Além disso, efeitos de interação das variáveis individuais e contextuais são apresentados. Implicações para a pesquisa e as intervenções são discutidos.

Published
2011

21. The Validity and Structure of Culture-Level Personality Scores: Data from Ratings of Young Adolescents

Author

McCrae, Robert R., Terracciano, Antonio, De Fruyt, Filip, De Bolle, Marleen, Gelfand, Michele J., Costa, Paul T., Jr., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-Kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jueri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas R., Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret T., de Lima, Margarida P., Fehr, Ryan, Fickova, Emilia, Gulgoz, Sami, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich, Loeckenhoff, Corinna E., Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Purić, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reategui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, Department of psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Siuta, Jerzy, and Szmigielska-Siuta, Barbara

Subjects
cechy charakteru, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, psychology of adolescents, personality traits, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, psychologia nastolatków, Emotion Cognition et Comportement
Abstract

We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N=5,109) ages 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, 8 of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted. This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: McCrae, R. R.; Terracciano, A.; De Fruyt, F.; De Bolle, M.; Gelfand, M. J.; Costa, P. T.; Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E.; Ahn, C.-K.; Ahn, H.; Alcalay, L.; Allik, J.; Avdeyeva, T. V.; Blatny, M.; Bratko, D.; Brunner-Sciarra, M.; Cain, T. R.; Chittcharat, N.; Crawford, J. T.; de Lima, M. P.; Fehr, R.; Fickova, E.; Gulgoz, S.; Hrebickova, M.; Jussim, L.; Klinkosz, W.; Knežević, G.; de Figueroa, N. L.; Loeckenhoff, C. E.; Martin, T. A.; Marušić, I.; Mastor, K. A.; Nakazato, K.; Nansubuga, F.; Porrata, J.; Purić, D.; Realo, A.; Reategui, N.; Rolland, J.-P.; Schmidt, V.; Sekowski, A.; Shakespeare-Finch, J.; Shimonaka, Y.; Simonetti, F.; Siuta, J.; Szmigielska, B.; Vanno, V.; Wang, L.; Yik, M. The Validity and Structure of Culture-Level Personality Scores: Data From Ratings of Young Adolescents. Journal of Personality 2010, 78 (3), 815–838. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00634.x]

Published
2010

22. Gender Stereotypes of Personality Universal and Accurate?

Author

Loeckenhoff, Corinna E., Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert R., De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Sutin, Angelina R., Realo, Anu, Allik, Jueri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hrebickova, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Fickova, Emilia, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, de Figueora, Nora Leibovich, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-Kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jerome, Bratko, Denis, Marušić, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knežević, Goran, Martin, Thomas A., Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter B., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V.S., Terracciano, Antonio, Loeckenhoff, Corinna E., Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert R., De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul T., Jr., Sutin, Angelina R., Realo, Anu, Allik, Jueri, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hrebickova, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Fickova, Emilia, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, de Figueora, Nora Leibovich, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-Kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel R., Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jerome, Bratko, Denis, Marušić, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knežević, Goran, Martin, Thomas A., Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter B., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida P., Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Pramila, V.S., and Terracciano, Antonio

Abstract

Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.

Published
2014

23. Gender stereotypes of personality: Universal and accurate?

Author

Lockenhoff, Corinna, Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert, De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul, Sutin, Angelina, Realo, Anu, Allik, Juri, Nakazato, Katsharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hrebickova, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Fickova, Emilia, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas, Crawford, Jarret, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jerome, Bratko, Denis, Marusic, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knezevic, Goran, Martin, Thomas, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Pramila, V., Terracciano, Antonio, Lockenhoff, Corinna, Chan, Wayne, McCrae, Robert, De Fruyt, Filip, Jussim, Lee, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul, Sutin, Angelina, Realo, Anu, Allik, Juri, Nakazato, Katsharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Hrebickova, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Yik, Michelle, Fickova, Emilia, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas, Crawford, Jarret, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jerome, Bratko, Denis, Marusic, Iris, Halberstadt, Jamin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knezevic, Goran, Martin, Thomas, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Pramila, V., and Terracciano, Antonio

Abstract

Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.

Published
2014

24. Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: The effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner

Author

Schmitt, David, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Hudek-Knežević, Jasna, and Kardum, Igor

Subjects
mating strategies, extramarital sex, evolution, tactics, perspective, behavior, females, desire, nonpaternity, involvement
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16, 954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching—romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship—was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another’s mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.

Published
2004

25. Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: Are models of self and of other pancultural constructs?

Author

Schmitt, David, Alcalay, Lidia, Allensworth, Melisa, Hudek-Knežević Jasna, and Kardum, Igor

Subjects
romantic attachment, culture, internal working models, human mating strategies
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17, 804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-reportmeasure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies.

Published
2004

26. Gender Stereotypes of Personality

Author

Löckenhoff, Corinna E., primary, Chan, Wayne, additional, McCrae, Robert R., additional, De Fruyt, Filip, additional, Jussim, Lee, additional, De Bolle, Marleen, additional, Costa, Paul T., additional, Sutin, Angelina R., additional, Realo, Anu, additional, Allik, Jüri, additional, Nakazato, Katsuharu, additional, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, additional, Hřebíčková, Martina, additional, Graf, Sylvie, additional, Yik, Michelle, additional, Ficková, Emília, additional, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, additional, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, additional, Schmidt, Vanina, additional, Ahn, Chang-kyu, additional, Ahn, Hyun-nie, additional, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., additional, Siuta, Jerzy, additional, Szmigielska, Barbara, additional, Cain, Thomas R., additional, Crawford, Jarret T., additional, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, additional, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, additional, Nansubuga, Florence, additional, Miramontez, Daniel R., additional, Benet-Martínez, Veronica, additional, Rossier, Jérôme, additional, Bratko, Denis, additional, Marušić, Iris, additional, Halberstadt, Jamin, additional, Yamaguchi, Mami, additional, Knežević, Goran, additional, Martin, Thomas A., additional, Gheorghiu, Mirona, additional, Smith, Peter B., additional, Barbaranelli, Claudio, additional, Wang, Lei, additional, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, additional, Lima, Margarida P., additional, Klinkosz, Waldemar, additional, Sekowski, Andrzej, additional, Alcalay, Lidia, additional, Simonetti, Franco, additional, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., additional, Pramila, V. S., additional, and Terracciano, Antonio, additional

Published
2014
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27. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

Schmitt, David, Alcalay, Lidia, Allensworth, Melissa, Hudek-Knežević, Jasna, and Kardum, Igor

Subjects
adult attachment, evolutionary perspective, sex-differences, individual differences, reproductive strategies, health care economics and organizations, humanities
Abstract

Gender differences in the dismissing form of adult romantic attachment were investigated as part of the International Sexuality Description Project—a survey study of 17, 804 people from 62 cultural regions. Contrary to research findings previously reported in Western cultures, we found that men were not significantly more dismissing than women across all cultural regions. Gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment were evident in most cultures, but were typically only small to moderate in magnitude. Looking across cultures, the degree of gender differentiation in dismissing romantic attachment was predictably associated with sociocultural indicators. Generally, these associations supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment, with smaller gender differences evident in cultures with high-stress and high-fertility reproductive environments. Social role theories of human sexuality received less support in that more progressive sex-role ideologies and national gender equity indexes were not cross-culturally linked as expected to smaller gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment.

Published
2003

28. Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: Tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands

Author

Schmitt, David, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Hudek-Knežević, Jasna, and Kardum, Igor

Subjects
gender differences, evolutionary perspective, mate selection, physical attractiveness, individual differences, strategies theory, sociosexuality
Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that men and women possess both long-term and short-term mating strategies, with men’s short-term strategy differentially rooted in the desire for sexual variety. In this article, findings from a cross-cultural survey of 16, 288 people across 10 major world regions (including North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia) demonstrate that sex differences in the desire for sexual variety are culturally universal throughout these world regions. Sex differences were evident regardless of whether mean, median, distributional, or categorical indexes of sexual differentiation were evaluated. Sex differences were evident regardless of the measures used to evaluate them. Among contemporary theories of human mating, pluralistic approaches that hypothesize sex differences in the evolved design of short-term mating provide the most compelling account of these robust empirical findings.

Published
2003

29. The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes

Author

McCrae, Robert, Chan, Wayne, Jussim, Lee, De Fruyt, Filip, Lockenhoff, Corinna, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul, Hrebickova, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Realo, Anu, Allik, Juri, Nakazato, Katsharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Yik, Michelle, Fickova, Emilia, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Reatigui, Norma, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-kie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas, Crawford, Jarret, Anwar Mastor, Khairul, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jerome, Bratko, Denis, Marusic, Iris, Halberstadt, Jasmin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knezevic, Goran, Puric, Danka, Martin, Thomas, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Pramila, V, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert, Chan, Wayne, Jussim, Lee, De Fruyt, Filip, Lockenhoff, Corinna, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul, Hrebickova, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Realo, Anu, Allik, Juri, Nakazato, Katsharu, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Yik, Michelle, Fickova, Emilia, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Reatigui, Norma, Leibovich de Figueora, Nora, Schmidt, Vanina, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-kie, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Cain, Thomas, Crawford, Jarret, Anwar Mastor, Khairul, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Nansubuga, Florence, Miramontez, Daniel, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Rossier, Jerome, Bratko, Denis, Marusic, Iris, Halberstadt, Jasmin, Yamaguchi, Mami, Knezevic, Goran, Puric, Danka, Martin, Thomas, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Smith, Peter, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Wang, Lei, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Lima, Margarida, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Sekowski, Andrzej, Alcalay, Lidia, Simonetti, Franco, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Pramila, V, and Terracciano, Antonio

Abstract

Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N= 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes

Published
2013

30. The validity and structure of culture-level personality scores: Data from ratings of young adolescents

Author

McCrae, Robert, Terracciano, Antonio, De Fruyt, Filip, De Bolle, Marleen, Gelfand, Michele, Costa, Paul, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas, Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret, de Lima, Margarida, Fehr, Ryan, Fickova, Emilia, Gulgoz, Sami, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knezevic, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Lockenhoff, Corinna, Martin, Thomas, Marusic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Puric, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reategui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, McCrae, Robert, Terracciano, Antonio, De Fruyt, Filip, De Bolle, Marleen, Gelfand, Michele, Costa, Paul, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas, Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret, de Lima, Margarida, Fehr, Ryan, Fickova, Emilia, Gulgoz, Sami, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knezevic, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Lockenhoff, Corinna, Martin, Thomas, Marusic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Puric, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reategui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, and Yik, Michelle

Abstract

We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N=5,109) ages 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, 8 of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted.

Published
2010

31. Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates

Author

Loeckenhoff, Corinna E., De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert R., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Jr, Paul T., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Lima, Margarida P., Fickova, Emilia, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knezevic, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Martin, Thomas A., Marusic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Miramontez, Daniel R., Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Pramila, V.S., Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter B., Szmigielska, Barbara, Wang, Lei, Yamaguchi, Mami, Yik, Michelle, Loeckenhoff, Corinna E., De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert R., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Jr, Paul T., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Lima, Margarida P., Fickova, Emilia, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Halberstadt, Jamin, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knezevic, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Martin, Thomas A., Marusic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Miramontez, Daniel R., Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Pramila, V.S., Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter B., Szmigielska, Barbara, Wang, Lei, Yamaguchi, Mami, and Yik, Michelle

Abstract

College students (N = 3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.

Published
2009

32. Assessing the universal structure of personality in early adolescence: The NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 in 24 cultures

Author

de Fruyt, Filip, de Bolle, Marleen, McCrae, Robert R., Terracciano, Antonio, Costa, Paul T., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang Kyu, Ahn, Hyun Nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Blatný, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas R., Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret T., Fehr, Ryan, Ficková, Emília, Gelfand, Michele J., Gulgoz, Sami, Hrebuícková, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Kneževic, Goran, de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich, Lima, Margarida P., Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Martin, Thomas A., Marušic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Puric, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reátegui, Norma, Rolland, Jean Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, de Fruyt, Filip, de Bolle, Marleen, McCrae, Robert R., Terracciano, Antonio, Costa, Paul T., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Ahn, Chang Kyu, Ahn, Hyun Nie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jüri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Blatný, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Cain, Thomas R., Chittcharat, Niyada, Crawford, Jarret T., Fehr, Ryan, Ficková, Emília, Gelfand, Michele J., Gulgoz, Sami, Hrebuícková, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Kneževic, Goran, de Figueroa, Nora Leibovich, Lima, Margarida P., Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Martin, Thomas A., Marušic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Porrata, Jose, Puric, Danka, Realo, Anu, Reátegui, Norma, Rolland, Jean Pierre, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Szmigielska, Barbara, Vanno, Vitanya, Wang, Lei, and Yik, Michelle

Abstract

The structure and psychometric characteristics of the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3), a more readable version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), are examined and compared with NEO-PI-R characteristics using data from college student observer ratings of 5,109 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from 24 cultures. Replacement items in the PI-3 showed on average stronger item-total correlations and slightly improved facet reliabilities compared with the NEO-PI-R in both English- and non-English-speaking samples. NEO-PI-3 replacement items did not substantially affect scale means compared with the original scales. Analyses across and within cultures confirmed the intended factor structure of both versions when used to describe young adolescents. The authors discuss implications of these cross-cultural findings for the advancement of studies in adolescence and personality development across the lifespan.

Published
2009

33. Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates

Author

Lockenhoff, Corinna, De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-kie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas, Crawford, Jarret, Lima, Margarida, Fickova, Emilia, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Halberstadt, Jasmin, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knezevic, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Martin, Thomas, Marusic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Miramontez, Daniel, Nakazato, Katsharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Pramila, V, Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter, Szmigielska, Barbara, Wang, Lei, Yamaguchi, Mami, Yik, Michelle, Lockenhoff, Corinna, De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert, De Bolle, Marleen, Costa, Paul, Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria, Ahn, Chang-kyu, Ahn, Hyun-kie, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatny, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas, Crawford, Jarret, Lima, Margarida, Fickova, Emilia, Gheorghiu, Mirona, Halberstadt, Jasmin, Hrebickova, Martina, Jussim, Lee, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knezevic, Goran, Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora, Martin, Thomas, Marusic, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Miramontez, Daniel, Nakazato, Katsharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Pramila, V, Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Schmidt, Vanina, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter, Szmigielska, Barbara, Wang, Lei, Yamaguchi, Mami, and Yik, Michelle

Abstract

College students (N = 3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (1) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning, (2) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect, and (3) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.

Published
2009

34. National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Author

Terracciano, Antonio, Abdel Khalek, A.M., Adam, N, Adamovova, L, Ahn, Chang-Kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alansari, B.M., Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jueri, Angleitner, A, Avia, M.D., Ayearst, L.E., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Beer, A, Borg Cunen, M.A., Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Budzinski, L, Camart, N, Dahourou, D, De Fruyt, Filip, de Lima, Margarida P., del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E, Falzon, R., Fernando, K, Fickova, Emilia, Fischer, R, Flores-Mendoza, C, Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, Sami, Hagberg, B, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, M.S., Hrebickova, Martina, Humrichouse, J, Jensen, HH, Jocić, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N, Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Matsumoto, D, McRorie, M, Meshcheriakov, B, Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M, Nagy, J, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Oishi, S, Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F, Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S, Petot, JM, Podobnik, N, Porrata, Jose, Pramila, V.S., Prentice, G, Realo, Anu, Reategui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Ruch, W, Rus, VS, Sánchez-Bernardos, M.L., Schmidt, Vanina, Sciculna-Calleja, S, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, T, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter B., Trapnell, PD, Trobst, K.K., Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, Zupančić, A, McCrae, RR, Terracciano, Antonio, Abdel Khalek, A.M., Adam, N, Adamovova, L, Ahn, Chang-Kyu, Ahn, Hyun-nie, Alansari, B.M., Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Jueri, Angleitner, A, Avia, M.D., Ayearst, L.E., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Beer, A, Borg Cunen, M.A., Bratko, Denis, Brunner-Sciarra, Marina, Budzinski, L, Camart, N, Dahourou, D, De Fruyt, Filip, de Lima, Margarida P., del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E, Falzon, R., Fernando, K, Fickova, Emilia, Fischer, R, Flores-Mendoza, C, Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, Sami, Hagberg, B, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, M.S., Hrebickova, Martina, Humrichouse, J, Jensen, HH, Jocić, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B, Klinkosz, Waldemar, Knežević, Goran, Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N, Martin, Thomas A., Marušić, Iris, Mastor, Khairul Anwar, Matsumoto, D, McRorie, M, Meshcheriakov, B, Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M, Nagy, J, Nakazato, Katsuharu, Nansubuga, Florence, Oishi, S, Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F, Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S, Petot, JM, Podobnik, N, Porrata, Jose, Pramila, V.S., Prentice, G, Realo, Anu, Reategui, Norma, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Rossier, Jerome, Ruch, W, Rus, VS, Sánchez-Bernardos, M.L., Schmidt, Vanina, Sciculna-Calleja, S, Sekowski, Andrzej, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Shimonaka, Yoshiko, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, T, Siuta, Jerzy, Smith, Peter B., Trapnell, PD, Trobst, K.K., Wang, Lei, Yik, Michelle, Zupančić, A, and McCrae, RR

Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Published
2005

35. Modified Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale

Author

Swami, Viren, primary, Frederick, David A., additional, Aavik, Toivo, additional, Alcalay, Lidia, additional, Allik, Jüri, additional, Anderson, Donna, additional, Andrianto, Sonny, additional, Arora, Arvind, additional, Brännström, Åke, additional, Cunningham, John, additional, Danel, Dariusz, additional, Doroszewicz, Krystyna, additional, Forbes, Gordon B., additional, Furnham, Adrian, additional, Greven, Corina U., additional, Halberstadt, Jamin, additional, Hao, Shuang, additional, Haubner, Tanja, additional, Hwang, Choon Sup, additional, Inman, Mary, additional, Jaafar, Jas Laile, additional, Johansson, Jacob, additional, Jung, Jaehee, additional, Keser, Askın, additional, Kretzschmar, Uta, additional, Lachenicht, Lance, additional, Li, Norman P., additional, Locke, Kenneth, additional, Lönnqvist, Jan-Erik, additional, Lopez, Christy, additional, Loutzenhiser, Lynn, additional, Maisel, Natalya C., additional, McCabe, Marita P., additional, McCreary, Donald R., additional, McKibbin, William F., additional, Mussap, Alex, additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Nowell, Carly, additional, Alampay, Liane Peña, additional, Pillai, Subash K., additional, Pokrajac-Bulian, Alessandra, additional, Proyer, René T., additional, Quintelier, Katinka, additional, Ricciardelli, Lina A., additional, Rozmus-Wrzesinska, Malgorzata, additional, Ruch, Willibald, additional, Russo, Timothy, additional, Schütz, Astrid, additional, Shackelford, Todd K., additional, Shashidharan, Sheeba, additional, Simonetti, Franco, additional, Sinniah, Dhachayani, additional, Swami, Mira, additional, Vandermassen, Griet, additional, van Duynslaeger, Marijke, additional, Verkasalo, Markku, additional, Voracek, Martin, additional, Yee, Curtis K., additional, Zhang, Echo Xian, additional, Zhang, Xiaoying, additional, and Zivcic-Becirevic, Ivanka, additional

Published
2010
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38. Rendimiento académico y las dimensiones personal y contextual del aprendizaje socioemocional: Evidencias de su asociación en estudiantes chilenos

Author

Berger Silva, Christian; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Álamos, Pilar; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Milicic, Neva; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alcalay, Lidia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Berger Silva, Christian; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Álamos, Pilar; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Milicic, Neva; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Alcalay, Lidia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Abstract

El presente estudio respalda la creciente evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre la dimensión socioemocional y el rendimiento académico. Mediante análisis de correlación y regresión se testeó en estudiantes chilenos de educación básica la asociación entre el rendimiento académico, y las dimensiones individual (autoestima y bienestar socioemocional) y contextual (percepción del clima social escolar) del aprendizaje socioemocional. Bienestar socioemocional y percepción del clima social escolar respecto a relaciones de pares y lugares de la escuela, mostraron una relación significativa con el aumento en el desempeño académico. Los hallazgos son discutidos en términos de sus implicancias para la práctica educativa y para futuras investigaciones.

40. Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Angleitner A, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Borg Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG 2nd, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Haque S, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafar J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Mkhize NJ, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sineshaw T, Sookdew R, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, van Overwalle F, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Culture, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Personality, Sexual Behavior psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.

Published
2004
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41. Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG Jr, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafer J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sinehsaw T, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Taylor R, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Van Overwalle F, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Culture, Sexual Behavior
Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that men and women possess both long-term and short-term mating strategies, with men's short-term strategy differentially rooted in the desire for sexual variety. In this article, findings from a cross-cultural survey of 16,288 people across 10 major world regions (including North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia) demonstrate that sex differences in the desire for sexual variety are culturally universal throughout these world regions. Sex differences were evident regardless of whether mean, median, distributional, or categorical indexes of sexual differentiation were evaluated. Sex differences were evident regardless of the measures used to evaluate them. Among contemporary theories of human mating, pluralistic approaches that hypothesize sex differences in the evolved design of short-term mating provide the most compelling account of these robust empirical findings.

Published
2003
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