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[EN] The present work examined how the esthetic impression caused by a specific mug selection seems to influence the expected flavor elicited by a coffee beverage. Participants from Mexico viewed online photographs of espresso, Americano, latte and cappuccino presented in two different mugs, including a transparent glass mug and a white ceramic mug. The type of mug influenced participants' subjective ratings of the drinks. Espresso and Americano were expected to be more aromatic, bitter, hotter and more intense when served in a transparent glass mug rather than in a white ceramic mug. Results extend the knowledge of consumer preferences and bring an idea for the best way to better fulfill customer's sensory expectations.

[ES] A lo largo de más de un siglo de historia de la industria del automóvil, los cambios tecnológicos y la externalización de algunos procesos productivos, han precisado que los proveedores de los grandes constructores desarrollaran nuevas y mayores capacidades. Con ello también se han establecido unas relaciones colaborativas más activas entre los diferentes agentes que forman parte de la industria del automóvil. Recientemente se anunciaba una revolución en la movilidad, la cual generaría cambios disruptivos en la industria del automóvil. Cambios que vendrían provocados por las nuevas normativas de emisiones contaminantes, la necesidad de hacer unas ciudades más habitables y sostenibles, así como la conectividad, los vehículos de conducción autónoma y la movilidad compartida (Neckermann, 2015). Los nuevos requisitos y necesidades suponen un entorno de grandes incertidumbres. Esta situación está provocando el debate en la industria del automóvil la cual ha de hacer frente a importantes retos tecnológicos, manteniendo su competitividad, a la vez que debe continuar satisfaciendo a sus clientes. Una de las claves para mantener el éxito y la competitividad de las empresas que conforman la industria del automóvil pasa por su capacidad en adaptar sus cadenas de valor a dichos cambios. Esto significa establecer cadenas de valor responsivas capaces de afrontar los cambios y oscilaciones a las demandas de los mercados. Ante ese panorama, cabe preguntarse si la industria del automóvil, ubicada en España, está preparada para afrontar las necesidades actuales y futuras de un mercado cada vez más cambiante. En caso contrario, conviene conocer qué acciones deberían emprender para mantener el atractivo que ha llevado a los grandes constructores, y también a importantes proveedores de primer nivel, a continuar realizando inversiones como las que se han llevado a cabo en las últimas décadas. Con este fin, en este trabajo de investigación se ha estudiado la situación de los construc, [CA] Al llarg de més d'un segle d'història de la indústria de l'automòbil, els canvis tecnològics i l'externalització d'alguns processos productius han precisat que els proveïdors dels grans constructors desenvoluparen noves i majors capacitats. Amb això també s'han establit unes relacions col·laboratives més actives entre els diferents agents que formen part de la indústria de l'automòbil. Recientment s'anunciava una revolució en la mobilitat, la qual generaria canvis disruptius en la indústria de l'automòbil. Canvis que vindrien provocats per les noves normatives d'emissions contaminants, la necessitat de fer unes ciutats més habitables i sostenibles, així com la connectivitat, els vehicles de conducció autònoma i la mobilitat compartida (Neckermann, 2015). Els nous requisits i necessitats suposen un entorn de grans incerteses. Aquesta situació està provocant el debat en la indústria de l'automòbil, la qual ha de fer front a importants reptes tecnològics, mantenint la seua competitivitat, alhora que ha de continuar satisfent als seus clients. Una de les claus per a mantindre l'èxit i la competitivitat de les empreses que conformen la indústria de l'automòbil passa per la seua capacitat a adaptar les seues cadenes de valor a aquests canvis. Això significa establir cadenes de valor responsives capaços d'afrontar els canvis i oscil·lacions a les demandes dels mercats. Davant aqueix nou panorama, cal preguntar-se si la indústria de l'automòbil, situada a Espanya, està preparada per a afrontar les necessitats actuals i futures d'un mercat cada vegada més canviant. En cas contrari, convé conéixer quines accions haurien d'emprendre per a mantindre l'atractiu que ha portat als grans constructors, i també a importants proveïdors de primer nivell, a continuar realitzant inversions com les que s'han dut a terme en els últims anys. A aquest efecte, en aquest treball de recerca hem estudiat la situació dels constructors i com aquests estableixen les seues relacions amb els pro, [EN] Throughout more than a century of history of the automobile industry, the technological changes and the outsourcing of some production processes, have required that the suppliers of the most important automobile manufacturers develop new and greater capacities. Within this new environment, more active collaborative relationships have also been established between the different agents that are part of the automotive industry. Recently, it was announced a revolution in mobility, which would generate disruptive changes in the automotive industry. Changes that would be caused by the new regulations on polluting emissions, the need to make cities more liveable and sustainable, as well as the connectivity, the autonomous driving vehicles and the shared mobility (Neckermann, 2015). The new requirements and needs represent an environment of great uncertainties. This situation is causing the debate in the automotive industry, which must face important technological challenges, while maintaining its competitiveness, and continuing to satisfy its customers. One of the keys to maintain the success and competitiveness of the companies that make up the automotive industry is their ability to adapt their value chains to these changes. This means establishing responsive value chains capable of dealing with changes and oscillations to the demands of the markets. In front of this new panorama, it is worth wondering if the automobile industry, located in Spain, is prepared to face the current and future needs of an increasingly changing market. If not, it is important to know what actions they should take to maintain the attractiveness that has led important car manufacturers, as well as major first level suppliers, to continue making investments such as those that have been carried out in recent past years. For this purpose, in this research work it has been studied the situation of the automobile manufacturers and how they establish their relationships with the suppliers that m

[ES] El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar la política de innovación en los países en desarrollo tratando de comprender el sistema de innovación. Para ello se investigaron los factores clave que determinan la innovación en las empresas examinando la idoneidad de los agentes de la innovación (universidad, empresas y ministerios), los instrumentos de política (subvenciones públicas, leyes y reglamentos) y las actividades de innovación (investigación y desarrollo interno y externo, capacitación, adquisición de equipo) en las empresas con resultados de innovación. Se ha propuesto un modelo que vincula todas estas dimensiones. Para ponerlo a prueba, aplicamos las técnicas de Partial Least Square (PLS) y nos inspiramos en la Encuesta de "Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP) Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy" del Canadá de 2017 y en el cuestionario de la Encuesta de "The Community Innovation Survey" (CIS) de 2014. El estudio abarcó una muestra de 67 empresas farmacéuticas argelinas. Este estudio no se limitó al análisis de las dimensiones principales, sino que fue más allá al detectar cada factor clave aportado por cada uno de los componentes. El análisis del sector farmacéutico muestra que las políticas públicas argelinas relativas a este sector no han abordado la cuestión de la promoción de la innovación o el desarrollo de nuevos productos farmacéuticos específicos en el país.Los resultados obtenidos confirman la importante contribución de la formación y la investigación a la innovación., [CAT] L'objectiu d'esta tesi és avaluar la política d'innovació en els països en desenvolupament tractant de comprendre el sistema d'innovació. Per a això es van investigar els factors clau que determinen la innovació en les empreses examinant la idoneïtat dels agents de la innovació (universitat, empreses i ministeris) , els instruments de política (subvencions públiques, lleis i reglaments) i les activitats d'innovació (investigació i desenrotllament intern i extern, capacitació, adquisició d'equip) en les empreses amb resultats d'innovació. S'ha proposat un model que vincula totes estes dimensions. S'ha proposat un model que vincula totes estes dimensions. Per a posar-ho a prova, apliquem les tècniques de Vaig partiral Least Square (PLS) i ens inspirem en l'Enquesta de "Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP) Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy"; del Canadà de 2017 i en el qüestionari de l'Enquesta de "The Community Innovation Survey" (CIS) de 2014. L'estudi va comprendre una mostra de 67 empreses farmacèutiques algerianes. Este estudi no es va limitar a l'anàlisi de les dimensions principals, sinó que va ser més enllà al detectar cada factor clau aportat per cada un dels components. L'anàlisi del sector farmacèutic mostra que les polítiques públiques algerianes relatives a este sector no han abordat la qüestió de la promoció de la innovació o el desenrotllament de nous productes farmacèutics específics en el país. Los resultats obtinguts confirmen la important contribució de la formació i la investigació a la innovació., [EN] The objective of this thesis is to evaluate innovation policy in developing countries by trying to understand the innovation system. This was done by researching the key factors that determine innovation within firms by examining the adequacy of innovation actors (university, firms and ministries), policy instruments (government subsidies, laws and regulations) and innovation activities (internal and external research and development, training, equipment acquisition) within firms with innovation outcomes. A model linking all these dimensions has been proposed. To test it, we applied Partial Least Square (PLS) techniques and were inspired by the 2017 Canadian survey "Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP) Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy" and the 2014 questionnaire "The Community Innovation Survey" (CIS). The study covered a sample of 67 Algerian pharmaceutical companies. This study did not stop at the analysis of the main dimensions only but went further by detecting each key factor contributed by each of the components. The analysis of the pharmaceutical sector shows that Algerian public policies towards this sector have not addressed the issue of promoting innovation or the development of specific new pharmaceutical products in the country. The results obtained confirm the important contribution of training and research to innovation.

[EN] How much am I, the customer, currently worth to a company? The answer to this question is very important for the marketing team but difficult to obtain. In an omni-channel environment, the degree of complexity for answering this question has reached a new level. Based on a structured literature research process, existing dynamic budget allocation approaches are identified and evaluated regarding their applicability in an omni-channel environment. For the evaluation process of these identified models, assessment criteria are needed. Structured interviews are conducted with experts in the field of attribution to formulate evaluation criteria, which are being used to evaluate the applicability of the defined models. This article describes why existing dynamic attribution models are not suitable for an omni-channel environment and what features need to be part of a new future-ensured omni-channel attribution model. The authors conclude by presenting questions for future research in the field of dynamic attribution.

[EN] Haute cuisine has become an essential activity within the hospitality industry, and gastronomy plays a vital role in tourism economics, receiving significant attention from the media each day. Thus, women¿s access to the culinary profession and their barriers to progress in the field to chef status have been profusely studied within the academic literature and covered by global media. This article will analyze and compare how academia and media have dealt with the issue of gender discrimination in haute cuisine, whether their conclusions are similar, and what they outline; it is a relevant contribution with an original literature analysis on gender and haute cuisine.

[EN] This article aims to analyze innovation barriers and drivers in the retail sector and report on a successful product innovation case study of a leading grocery retailing firm in Spain. The firm, Mercadona, successfully launched an original co-innovation initiative with its customers consisting of bringing consumers to co-innovation labs set up by the company, having them analyze, in a home environment setting, how they use the firm¿s products and what suggestions they have for alternative methods, improvements, or completely new developments. The research findings were conclusive that a combination of customer focus culture, brand development, and cooperation with suppliers was crucial for the success of the project. Technology contributed as well as a supportive tool of the communication with consumers. The method followed a new and unique ethnographic approach.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Culinary Science & Technology on 2020, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/15428052.2019.1640156, [EN] This article reviews gender differences in the career paths of successful chefs, including barriers, success factors, and the entrepreneurial path. The research was developed in 2016-17, using an international survey carried out in Spain, France, and the United States among culinary students, cooks, and chefs who responded to a structured questionnaire based on pre-selected topics. The results show that a chef's career requires various sets of skills. They should be leaders, mentors, and entrepreneurs. They work in a hard and competitive environment where building their brand and achieving public recognition is a must. Their professional satisfaction depends on learning, evolving, and launching their restaurant. There were two main differences between the sample of women chefs and the general sample of chefs: they required more mentoring, and they achieved greater job satisfaction when they were self-employed.

[EN] The retail grocery sector is not a leader in new product development due to inherent innovation risks and retailers' complex relationships with suppliers. Product co-innovation is an effective way to overcome innovation barriers and is feasible when retailers collaborate with customers and suppliers. We present a case study of Mercadona, a leading retailer in Spain that introduces new products developed using a novel co-innovation approach where customers and suppliers collaborate in innovation hubs from the start of the ideation phase. Other companies can learn from Mercadona's innovation journey over the last 20 years.

[Otros] L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier l'état de l'innovation et les caractéristiques de l'activité d'innovation dans les entreprises algériennes. L'innovation est un facteur de compétitivité que les décideurs ont commencé à prendre en compte. Nous présentons ici une analyse descriptive de la compétitivité à partir d'un échantillon de 67 sociétés pharmaceutiques opérant sur le marché algérien. Les résultats montrent une forte extension et une évolution significative du secteur. Cependant, les facteurs de compétence et de qualification représentent des obstacles à l'innovation., [EN] The aim of this article is to study the state of innovation and the characteristics of innovation activity in Algerian companies. Innovation is a factor of competitiveness that decision-makers have start to consider. We present here a descriptive analysis of competitiveness from a sample of 67 pharmaceutical companies operating on the Algerian market. The results show a strong extension and a significant evolution of the sector. However, competency and qualification factors are barriers to innovation.

[EN] Research Question: This article clarifies the role of clusters in industry agglomeration efficiency as well as the role that public and private agents play in their efficiency. Motivation: The automobile industry in Spain is an exception to the industrial decline suffered by the secondary sector since the economic crisis exploded in Spain. Employment in the vehicle manufacturing industry has recovered significantly in Spain in 2017, with a significant growth bringing it closer to 2008 levels. The sector accounts for 8.6 % of the country's GNP. How can we explain this success? Are there new threats (technology, environmental standards, emerging economies, etc.) menacing the sector? Based on value chain and cluster theories we explain its success and how new threats could be managed? The response lays in analyzing the role of cluster agents in the various clusters dynamics. The research shows how the openness of clusters plays a crucial role in their sustainability. Idea: Based on value chain and cluster theories we explain their success and how new threats could be managed? The response lays in analyzing the role of cluster agents in the various clusters dynamics. The research shows how the openness of clusters plays a crucial role in their sustainability. Data: primary data was collected in two surveys and interviews campaigns during 2013 and 2017. Furthermore, secondary data from national, regional and sectoral sources were analysed. Tools: The research is based on a series of interviews and visits to the automotive clusters in Spain. Additionally, the authors have analyzed abundant secondary information and web contents available on the clusters agents: manufacturers, suppliers, unions, associations, etc. Findings: The paper concludes that regional and national policies are relevant but that consensus between clusters¿ agents is essential for their success. However, will the existing agents be able to withstand new threats? .Contribution: The article contribu

[EN] As the digitization of HR processes in companies continues to increase, at the same time, the underlying technical basis is also developing at a rapid pace. Electronic human resources (e-HRM) solutions are used to map a variety of HR processes. However, the introduction of such systems has various consequences, which are not only technical but also imply organizational and functional changes within the organization. Additionally, the cloud environment contributes to enhancing e-HRM capabilities and introduces new factors in its adoption. A systematic review of the available literature on the different dimensions of electronic resources management was conducted to assess the current state of research in this field. This review includes topics such as the evolution of e-HRM, its practical application, use of technology, implementation as well as HR analytics. By identifying and reviewing articles under e-HRM, IT technology, and HR journals, it was possible to identify relevant controversial themes and gaps as well as limitations.

[EN] Academic literature has often emphasized how firms in regional clusters exploit both place-specific local resources and external, world-class knowledge to strengthen their competitiveness by expanding the influence of regional systems of innovation. Innovation based on more complex and disruptive technologies tends to also be based on more open systems that utilize the clusters¿ external networks. However, most of the literature has associated clusters with incremental innovation. This paper will analyze the determinants of disruptive innovation development in traditional (low and medium tech) clusters caused by high-tech entrepreneurs. It will analyze the case of the development of breakthrough innovation, its diffusion in the Spanish ceramic tile cluster, and its consequent diffusion in the industry worldwide. It will examine how market demands, customer orientation, technology diffusion from other industries, industry competitiveness, as well as internal and external networking of clusters can facilitate the development of complex technology within a common set of social capital goals, cognitive schemes, and knowledge. The paper is based on a case study and field work carried out over10 years in the field in the Italian and Spanish tile ceramic clusters. The main contribution of this paper to technology strategy theory will be thorough the utilization of the disruptive technology paradigm in explaining industry changes and sustainability.

[EN] This qualitative study examines the digitisation of HRM in a cloud-based environment. The influencing factors for the transformation from conventional HRM to eHRM are examined with a special focus on the success factors from a strategic to the operational level. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the currently existing and new HR metrics which emerge during the transformation takes place. The study is based on interviews with HR experts with extensive experience in transforming and working with the new technology. Active participation of the HR department is relevant for the success of the digital transformation HRM project. HR metrics have not been applied extensively so far and are used less for controlling and optimizing HR processes. New metrics would increase the acceptance of the new technology and thus the success of the overall HR transformation. The main contribution is related to the field of HR software adoption of cloud-based solutions

[EN] The article covers process models for HR IT projects and in particular for HR transformation projects. Based on the authors' experience, an applied process model for HR transformation projects in a cloud-based environment is derived. The article identifies findings applicable to the fields of organisation, business, and IT as well as decisions and critical success factors in the specific context of cloud-based HR solutions.

Tesis por compendio, [ES] La digitalización de los procesos de RRHH en soluciones basadas en la nube progresa continuamente. Esta tesis examina tales transformaciones, deriva un modelo de proceso concreto e identifica los factores críticos de éxito. La metodología utilizada para la investigación es de carácter cualitativo. Como base y medida preparatoria para abordar las cuestiones de investigación, se llevó a cabo un amplio estudio bibliográfico en el ámbito de los recursos humanos, con especial atención a las publicaciones sobre la gestión electrónica de los recursos humanos (en adelante, "e-HRM"). Basándose en este conocimiento y en la combinación de una amplia experiencia práctica con proyectos de transformación de RRHH, se publicó un estudio que presenta el desarrollo histórico de e-HRM y que ha derivado en un modelo de procesos optimizado que tiene en cuenta los requisitos técnicos de RRHH así como las limitaciones de la nueva tecnología de la nube. Posteriormente, se entrevistó a varios expertos en RRHH que ya habían adquirido experiencia de primera mano con los procesos de RRHH en un entorno de nube para averiguar qué factores de éxito eran relevantes para dicha transformación de RRHH. Las principales conclusiones de esta tesis son la derivación de un modelo de procedimiento de proyecto de mejores prácticas para la transformación de los procesos de RRHH en una solución basada en la nube y la identificación de obstáculos potenciales en la implementación de dichos proyectos. Además, se elaboran los motivos de dicha transformación, los factores que impulsan el proceso dentro de una organización, el grado actual de digitalización de los recursos humanos, los parámetros operativos y estratégicos necesarios y, en última instancia, el impacto en los métodos de trabajo. Como resultado, se realiza una evaluación del uso de las métricas de HR y se derivan nuevas ratios potenciales., [CA] La digitalització dels processos de RRHH en solucions basades en el núvol progressa contínuament. Aquesta tesi examina tals transformacions, deriva un model de procés concret i identifica els factors crítics d'èxit. La metodologia utilitzada per a la investigació és de caràcter qualitatiu. Com a base i mesura preparatòria per a abordar les qüestions d'investigació, es va dur a terme un ampli estudi bibliogràfic en l'àmbit dels recursos humans, amb especial atenció a les publicacions sobre la gestió electrònica dels recursos humans (en endavant, "e-HRM "). Basant-se en aquest coneixement i en la combinació d'una àmplia experiència pràctica amb projectes de transformació de RRHH, es va publicar un estudi que presenta el desenvolupament històric d'e-HRM i que ha derivat en un model de processos optimitzat que té en compte els requisits tècnics de RRHH així com les limitacions de la nova tecnologia del núvol. Posteriorment, es va entrevistar a diversos experts en RRHH que ja havien adquirit experiència de primera mà amb els processos de RRHH en un entorn de núvol per esbrinar quins factors d'èxit eren rellevants per a aquesta transformació de RRHH. Les principals conclusions d'aquesta tesi són la derivació d'un model de procediment de projecte de millors pràctiques per a la transformació dels processos de RRHH en una solució basada en el núvol i la identificació d'obstacles potencials en la implementació d'aquests projectes. A més, s'elaboren els motius de la transformació, els factors que impulsen el procés dins d'una organització, el grau actual de digitalització dels recursos humans, els paràmetres operatius i estratègics necessaris i, en última instància, l'impacte en els mètodes de treball . Com a resultat, es realitza una avaluació de l'ús de les mètriques de HR i es deriven nous ràtios potencials., [EN] The digitisation of HR processes into cloud-based solutions is progressing continuously. This thesis examines such transformations, derives a concrete process model and identifies the critical success factors. The methodology used for the investigation is of a qualitative nature. As a basis and preparatory measure to address the research questions, an extensive literature study in the HR field was carried out, with a special focus on publications on electronic human resources management (hereinafter e-HRM). Based on this knowledge and the combination of extensive practical experience with HR transformation projects, a study was published which presents the historical development of e-HRM and derived an optimised process model taking into account the technical HR requirements as well as the limitations of the new cloud technology. Subsequently, several HR experts who had already gained first-hand experience with HR processes in a cloud environment were interviewed to find out which success factors were relevant for such an HR transformation. Main findings of this thesis are the derivation of a best-practice project procedure model for the transformation of HR processes into a cloud-based solution and the identification of potential obstacles in the implementation of such projects. In addition, the motives for such a transformation, the drivers within an organisation, the current degree of HR digitisation, the necessary operational and strategic parameters and ultimately the impact on working methods are worked out. As a further result, an assessment of the use of HR metrics is given and potential new key figures are derived.

Tesis por compendio, [ES] ¿Cómo es la atribución en un entorno de omnicanal? Se puede determinar una distinción importante en contraste con la atribución en un entorno multicanal. Además de proporcionar el proceso de análisis de marketing, una especificación del proceso estándar intersectorial para la minería de datos (CRISP¿DM), se utiliza un enfoque de método mixto secuencial para analizar la cuestión principal de la investigación. En el primer paso de esta investigación se analizan las características y los requisitos de atribución eficiente en un entorno omnicanal. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con expertos y de un proceso de investigación bibliográfica holística estructurada, se identifica claramente la falta de un enfoque de atribución omnicanal. Los enfoques de atribución existentes se identifican mediante la realización de un proceso estructurado de revisión de la literatura. Estos enfoques identificados se evalúan aplicando los resultados de las entrevistas semiestructuradas con expertos, es decir, los requisitos y características de una atribución omnicanal eficiente. Ninguno de los enfoques de atribución identificados cumple con la mayoría de los requisitos de omnicanal analizados. Al tener la brecha de investigación ¿ la falta de un enfoque de atribución de omnicanales ¿ claramente identificada, se desarrolla un enfoque de atribución de omnicanales en la segunda parte de esta investigación presentada. Utilizando la metodología MAP, la principal laguna de investigación se llena proporcionando el Holistic Customer Journey (HCJ): una base de datos lista para el omni¿canal y un enfoque de atribución de omni¿canal correspondiente. Entre otras cosas, el enfoque de atribución desarrollado consiste en una clasificación de aprendizaje automático. Esta investigación presentada es la primera en utilizar información de casi 240.000.000 de conjuntos de datos de interacción, que contienen información entre dispositivos y entre plataformas. Todas las fuentes de datos subyacente, [CA] Com és l'atribució en un entorn de omnicanal? Es pot determinar una distinció important en contrast amb l'atribució en un entorn multicanal. A més de proporcionar el procés d'anàlisi de màrqueting, una especificació del procés estàndard intersectorial per a la mineria de dades (CRISP¿DM), s'utilitza un enfocament de mètode mixt seqüencial per analitzar la qüestió principal de la investigació. En el primer pas d'aquesta investigació s'analitzen les característiques i els requisits d'atribució eficient en un entorn omnicanal. A partir d'entrevistes semiestructurades amb experts i d'un procés de recerca bibliogràfica holística estructurada, s'identifica clarament la falta d'un enfocament d'atribució omnicanal. Els enfocaments d'atribució existents s'identifiquen mitjançant la realització d'un procés estructurat de revisió de la literatura. Aquests enfocaments identificats s'avaluen aplicant els resultats de les entrevistes semiestructurades amb experts, és a dir, els requisits i característiques d'una atribució omnicanal eficient. Cap dels enfocaments d'atribució identificats compleix amb la majoria dels requisits de omnicanal analitzats. En tenir la bretxa de recerca ¿ la manca d'un enfocament d'atribució de omnicanales ¿ clarament identificada, es desenvolupa un enfocament d'atribució de omnicanales a la segona part d'aquesta investigació presentada. Utilitzant la metodologia MAP, la principal llacuna de recerca s'omple proporcionant el Holistic Customer Journey (HCJ): una base de dades a punt per al omni¿canal i un enfocament d'atribució de omni¿canal corresponent. Entre altres coses, l'enfocament d'atribució desenvolupat consisteix en una classificació d'aprenentatge automàtic. Aquesta investigació presentada és la primera a utilitzar informació de gairebé 240.000.000 de conjunts de dades d'interacció, que contenen informació entre dispositius i entre plataformes. Totes les fonts de dades subjacents són proporcionades per una de les plataformes immobiliàries m, [EN] What does attribution in an omni¿channel environment look like? A major distinction can be determined in contrast to attribution in a multi¿channel environment. Besides providing the Marketing Analytics Process, a specification of the Cross¿industry standard process for data mining (CRISP¿DM), a sequential mixed method approach is utilized to analyze the main research question. Within the first step of this presented research characteristics, and requirements of efficient attribution in an omni¿channel environment are analyzed. Based on semi¿structured expert interviews and a holistic structured literature research process, the lack of an omni¿channel attribution approach is clearly identified. Existing attribution approaches are identified by conducting the structured literature review process. Those identified approaches are evaluated by applying the results of the semi¿structured expert interviews - the requirements and characteristics of efficient omni¿channel attribution. None of the identified attribution approaches fulfill a majority of the analyzed omni¿channel requirements. By having the research gap - the lack of an omni¿channel attribution approach - clearly identifed, an omni¿channel attribution approach is developed in the second part of this presented research. Utilizing the MAP methodology, the main research gap is filled by providing the Holistic Customer Journey (HCJ): an omni¿channel ready data foundation and a corresponding omni¿channel attribution approach. Among other things the developed attribution approach consists of a machine learning classification. This presented research is the first to utilize information from almost 240.000.000 interaction data sets, containing crossdevice and cross¿platform information. All underlying data sources are provided by one of Germany's largest real¿estate platforms.

Tesis por compendio, La cocina es una tarea sujeta al género. En el ámbito doméstico es responsabilidad principal de la mujer y, profesionalmente, es predominantemente masculino. En esta tesis, se investigan las razones detrás de la segregación de género en el lugar de trabajo de la cocina y por qué hay pocas mujeres Chefs en la Alta Cocina. También, los factores de éxito para las mujeres Chefs actuales y cómo han sido capaces de superar estos obstáculos. Nuestro estudio combinó la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa. Metodología. Tras una extensa revisión de la literatura académica, se realizó un estudio de casos de mujeres Chefs con tres y dos estrellas Michelin. También se organizaron entrevistas y grupos de enfoque con mujeres chefs en Valencia. Finalmente, se realizó una encuesta (202 participantes) dirigida a chefs y profesionales de la cocina de diferentes sexo, edad, países y puestos profesionales. Entre las principales barreras que enfrentan las mujeres son: la cultura masculina establecida, las condiciones del lugar de trabajo y la conciliación familiar. Las tareas domésticas están desigualmente distribuidas lo que presenta una desventaja para las mujeres, especialmente a las que trabajan en la cocina profesional. A las mujeres, como resultado, les resulta difícil permanecer y evolucionar profesionalmente en la cocina. Además, es más fácil para los hombres chefs adquirir reconocimiento público y lanzar su propio restaurante. Para llegar a Chef las mujeres deben ser resistentes y construir su éxito en el sector. Las mujeres con estrellas Michelin, por ejemplo, desarrollan sus habilidades técnicas para lograr excelencia gastronómica, han dedicado tiempo a construir su carrera, e incluso lanzar sus propios restaurantes. Al hacerlo, pudieron mejorar su evolución y adquirir más flexibilidad gestionando su vida familiar y persiguiendo su visión. El apoyo familiar y la mentoría fueron clave para muchos de ellas. Por último, la posición de chef implica también habilidades empresa, Cooking is a gendered task. In the domestic sphere, it is women's main responsibility and professionally it is predominately male. In this thesis, we searched the reasons behind gender segregation in the kitchen workplace and why there are few women chefs in 'Haute Cuisine'. We also looked for success factors for current women chefs and how they were able to assess these obstacles. Our study combined both quantitative and qualitative research methods. We started with an extensive literature review. Then we did a case study of women chefs with three and two Michelin stars. We also organized interviews and focus groups with women chefs in Valencia. Finally, we run a survey (202 participants) that targeted chefs and kitchen professionals from different gender, age, countries and professional positions. The established masculine culture, workplace conditions, and work-life balance are among the main barriers women face. Domestic tasks are unequally distributed in the household and it disadvantages women especially those who work in the professional kitchen. Women, as a result, find it hard to remain and evolve in the kitchen workplace. In addition, it is easier for men chefs to acquire public recognition and to launch their own restaurant (entrepreneurship). In order to succeed women should be resilient and build their success in the industry. Women with Michelin stars for example worked on their technical skills to achieve gastronomic excellence, dedicated their time to build their career, and even looked for having their own restaurants. By doing so, they were able to enhance their evolution and acquire more flexibility managing their life and pursuing their vision. Family support and/or mentoring were key for many of them. Finally, the position of chef implies also entrepreneurial skills in order to achieve notoriety, manage and expand the restaurant success. For many chefs and especially for women, running their own restaurant implied higher professional satisfactio, La cuina és una tasca subjecta al gènere. A l'àmbit domèstic és responsabilitat principal de la dona i, professionalment, és predominantment masculina. En aquesta tesi, s'investiguen les raons darrere la segregació de gènere al lloc de treball a la cuina i per què hi ha poques dones Chefs a l'Alta Cuin. Ademés dels factors d'èxit per a les dones Chefs actuals i com han sigut capaços de superar aquests obstacles. El nostre estudi va a combinar la investigació quantitativa i la qualitativa. Metodologia. Després d'una extensa revisió de la lliteratura acadèmica, es va realitzar un estudi de diversos casos de dones Chefs amb dos i tres estreles Michelin. També es van organitzar entrevistes i grups enfocats a les dones Chefs en València. Finalment, es va realitzar una enquesta (202 participants) dirigida a Chefs i professionals de la cuina de diferent sexe, edat, país i lloc professional. Les principals barreres que enfronten les dones són: la cultura masculina establida, les condicions al lloc de treball i la conciliació familiar. Les tasques domèstiques estan disparment distribuïdes, la qual cosa presenta una desavantatge per a les dones, especialment per a les que treballen en la cuina professional. Com a resultat, els resulta difícil romandre i evolucionar professionalment en la cuina. Ademés, és més fàcil per als hòmens Chefs adquirir reconeiximent píblic i llançar el seu propi restaurant. Per a arribar a Chef les dones deuen ser resistents i construir el seu èxit en el sector. Les dones amb estreles Michelin, per eixemple, desenrotllen les seues habilitats tècniques per a aconseguir excelència gastronòmica, han dedicat temps a construir la seua carrera, i fins i tot llançar els seus propis restaurants. Al fer-ho, van poder millorar la seua evolució i adquirir més flexibilitat gestionant la seua vida familiar i perseguint la seua visió. El suport familiar i la mentoría van ser clau per a moltes d'elles. Per últim, la posició del chef implica també habilitats empresa

[EN] This paper analyses current innovation processes in Haute Cuisine and develops new insights into the nature of Haute Cuisine innovation and its institutional and organisational preconditions. The paper proposes an innovation paradigm that explains the roles of symbolic, synthetic and analytical knowledge during the various phases of innovation and challenges the innovation activity in Haute Cuisine as a linear model. It also explains the continuum between tacit and explicit knowledge throughout the innovation process. Symbolic knowledge has instilled Haute Cuisine and culinary tendencies, is a key element in its marketing and has allowed local cuisine to be branded internationally. The article aims to fill a research gap that has recently arisen on the existing tensions between idea creation and exploitation in Haute Cuisine innovation. The role of science appears as a tool that supports a chef s creativity but does not substitute or drive it. This paper fulfills an identified need to study the innovation processes of Haute Cuisine to which academia has dedicated scarce attention. The paper analyses a case study, with a strong institutional focus, a complex and relevant example of the innovation tendencies in Haute Cuisine. It presents a rich case that comprises the complete process from the original inspiration to the final commercialisation.

[EN] Radical innovation is under-researched in the geography of innovation. In this paper, the focus is on understanding how radical innovations occur in Marshallian industrial districts (MIDs), a phenomenon mostly overlooked. Using an exploratory and in-dept longitudinal case study methodoloty in two European MIDs, this paper analyzes radical innovation in MIDs and finds that the introduction of technology-distant knowledge and new firms from different (to the focal) industries are both necessary mechanisms, but not sufficient. Access to leading incumbents' networks, based on social norms, becomes a crucial social factor necessary for radical innovation to occur in MIDs.

[EN] The higher the status in the "haute cuisine" field, the fewer women are employed in prestigious positions. Although cooking is considered a feminine competence, it becomes masculine when it is considered a professional job. Therefore, there are recognized gender barriers for women to achieve chef positions in the field. This article discusses the case of six female chefs who were awarded three Michelin stars in 2014 and one with two stars. The goal was to research how these women met the criteria of the Michelin Guide and which were the specific aspects that distinguished them from the rest. Although in their discourse, gender barriers were not highly accentuated, however, passion, the feminine approach to management, and family support were considered mandatory for their success.

[EN] Many researchers argue that gender is a cultural construction rather a natural one. Haute Cuisine and the culinary field is a good illustration to how gender influenced the evaluation and the recognition of the cooking task in two different spaces, the professional and domestic. To analyze the reasons behind the low number of women chefs, we run a survey that targeted professionals in the cooking field. It included both gender and participants from Europe and USA. The survey results confirm the main argument that women are under-represented due to the masculine culture of kitchen work and culinary industry. Women therefore need to deal with it and to keep developing themselves professionally in order to achieve their place. A change in the industry dynamics will assess the barriers encountered in general by all professionals. The same change should impact household arrangements to facilitate women's evolution in the professional sphere.

[ES] La industria del automóvil en España supone una excepción al declive industrial que ha sufrido el sector secundario durante el último quinquenio. Según ANFACC, el empleo en la industria fabricante de vehículos se ha recuperado de forma significativa con crecimientos importantes que le acercan a los niveles de 2008. El sector supone un 2,9% del PIB del país. Su evolución positiva destaca sobre el resto de sectores industriales mientras que la economía industrial española y, especialmente, la industria manufacturera presenta resultados mucho más modestos. En cuanto a la calidad del empleo, la industria del automóvil utiliza empleo estable en mayor medida que el conjunto de la economía española y mantiene, además, un mayor nivel de contratos fijos que la industria manufacturera en su conjunto. El presente trabajo tratara de explicar este caso desde la perspectiva de los clústeres analizando las circunstancias de las diversas aglomeraciones de la industria del automóvil en España.

This Thesis is a research about the concept of luxury and its relationship to strategic Management. Motivations. The driver behind the elaboration of this study is to explore the complexity involved in managing luxury firms, and particularly the process of business strategy formulation. The research has been extensive in the case of the state of the art and the research phase. Nevertheless, the author acknowledges that his experience both as a business lecturer (postgraduate level) and as a private consultant has influenced the ability to gather further insights into this research. The ultimate motivation of this research is to contribute to academic work and business practice by providing a theoretical framework to help executives to formulate the business strategy of a luxury firm. Structure. This work is organized into three main parts. The first part is an introduction to the concept of luxury. It also provides the state of the art with a short view on the historical evolution of such concept, the luxury market and review of consumer behavior literature. This part also provides the analysis of the relationship between luxury and management and it justifies the need of a managerial perspective. As a conclusion this first part provides the rationale behind the need of a management approach to luxury. The second part defines the hypothesis of this Thesis, a framework to formulate the business strategy of a luxury firm. This part also defines the mixed method research conducted, which entails a quantitative and qualitative analysis, and the findings of the research phase. Based on these results this part explores the viability of a business model and the limitations of such model. In the third part the model proposed is redefined taking into account the lessons of the research phase. And hence it is proposed a definitive version of the framework. Objectives. Two are the main goals of this study: To evaluate the state of the art in the field of luxury and pa, Introducción. Esta tesis es una investigación sobre el concepto de lujo y su relación con la teoría de dirección estratégica. Motivaciones. La principal motivación detrás de la elaboración de este estudio es explorar la complejidad implicada en la gestión de las firmas de lujo, y en particular el proceso de formulación de la estrategia de negocio. La investigación ha sido extensa en el caso del estado del arte y en la fase de investigación. No obstante, el autor reconoce que su experiencia como profesor en escuelas de negocio (nivel de postgrado) y como consultor privado han influido en la capacidad de reunir más conocimientos en esta investigación. La motivación última de esta investigación es contribuir al trabajo académico y la práctica empresarial, proporcionando un marco teórico para ayudar a los ejecutivos a formular la estrategia de negocio de una empresa de lujo. Estructura. Este trabajo está organizado en tres partes principales. La primera parte es una introducción al concepto de lujo. Aquí se proporciona el estado del arte con una breve visión sobre la evolución histórica de dicho concepto, el mercado de lujo y la revisión de la literatura sobre comportamiento de los consumidores. Esta parte también proporciona el análisis de la relación entre el lujo y la gestión. Como conclusión de esta primera parte se exponen las razones detrás de la necesidad de un enfoque de gestión de lujo. La segunda parte define la hipótesis de esta tesis, un marco teórico para formular la estrategia de negocio de una empresa de lujo. Esta pieza también define el método mixto de investigación llevado a cabo, lo que implica un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. En los resultados de esta segunda fase de investigación se explora la viabilidad del modelo y sus limitaciones. En la tercera parte se propone un modelo redefinido en base a las lecciones obtenidas en la fase de investigación, proporcionando una versión definitiva del marco. Objetivos. Dos son los objetivos principales de, Introducció. Aquesta tesi és una investigació sobre el concepte de luxe i la seva relació amb la teoria de direcció estratègica. Motivacions. La principal motivació darrere de l'elaboració d'aquest estudi és explorar la complexitat implicada en la gestió de les firmes de luxe, i en particular el procés de formulació de l'estratègia de negoci. La investigació ha estat extensa en el cas de l'estat de l'art i en la fase d'investigació. No obstant això, l'autor reconeix que la seva experiència com a professor en escoles de negoci (nivell de postgrau) i com a consultor privat han influït en la capacitat de reunir més coneixements en aquesta investigació. La motivació última d'aquesta investigació és contribuir al treball acadèmic i la pràctica empresarial, proporcionant un marc teòric per ajudar els executius a formular l'estratègia de negoci d'una empresa de luxe. Estructura. Aquest treball està organitzat en tres parts principals. La primera part és una introducció al concepte de luxe. Aquí es proporciona l'estat de l'art amb una breu visió sobre l'evolució històrica d'aquest concepte, el mercat de luxe i la revisió de la literatura sobre comportament dels consumidors. Aquesta part també proporciona l'anàlisi de la relació entre el luxe i la gestió. Com a conclusió d'aquesta primera part s'exposen les raons darrere de la necessitat d'un enfocament de gestió de luxe. La segona part defineix la hipòtesi d'aquesta tesi, un marc teòric per formular l'estratègia de negoci d'una empresa de luxe. Aquesta peça també defineix el mètode mixt de recerca dut a terme, el que implica una anàlisi quantitativa i qualitativa. En els resultats d'aquesta segona fase d'investigació s'explora la viabilitat del model i les seves limitacions. A la tercera part es proposa un model redefinit en base a les lliçons obtingudes en la fase d'investigació, proporcionant una versió definitiva del marc. Objectius. Dos són els objectius principals d'aquest estudi. Un, avaluar l'estat de l'art en el cam

Proyecto Confidencial (Riunet)

[EN] Despite the numerous examples and testimonies in the Internet, few researches are made on challenges and success factors for women chefs. This study aims to identify the barriers women face and how they succeeded to achieve the chefs position. It also evaluates the entrepreneurial path, its motives, and the advantages it offers to them. The authors selected a qualitative approach. They organized a couple of structured interviews and two focus group sessions with eight entrepreneurial women chefs who shared and discussed their experiences and their points of view, based on pre-selected topics. From their perspective, women×s main barriers are: masculinity, gender perceptions to their skills and capabilities, and work-life balance. To face them, they had to be resilient, to keep learning, and to prove their competence. They also worked on acquiring management and leadership skills and were completely dedicated to their careers at the expense of family and social life. Those who aimed for better balance moved to other niches of the profession or followed the entrepreneurial path. The latter, offered them better time management flexibility and opportunities for professional evolution. Studying women in management position in this Haute Cuisine field is particularly interesting because of the dichotomy of the cooking task, considered female in the domestic sphere and male in the professional one. This article provides a basement for later qualitative and quantitative research in order to research gender barriers and success factors for women to leadership positions.

[EN] Innovation is not just an economic and or technological tool; it is also a social phenomenon. This paper draws together the concepts of creating shared value, the stakeholder theory, and socially oriented innovation to research companies' decisions on asserting socially related objectives when innovating. We examine the extent to which this decision process is bounded by constraints related to information and the characteristics of innovation. To perform this study we used a dataset that monitors the innovation activities of companies. This study offers an empirical analysis of the influence on firms' social innovation orientation. The empirical analysis supports the theoretical framework and identifies the firm's community links as key factors in developing new innovations, process and product-oriented, which have an impact on the social-innovation orientation of the firm. Additionally, it shows how the setting up of social goals when innovating is affected by the information source and the innovation mode being developed. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

[EN] This article clarifies the impact of national culture in the after sales service in the automotive sector.. Introduction and objectives: After-sales services have become paramount in the automobile industry. How-ever, they are not sufficiently researched, particularly in emerging markets. Here an academic gap exists be-cause, within the automotive research literature, culture is a widely neglected issue. Thus no explicit knowledge can be applied regarding emerging markets service demand behaviour, which might be a crucial point, as some of these countries culture is different to the western culture. Methods: The research is based in a survey carried out among Chinese premium brand automotive customers. Results: It shows which individual level values are causal and positively contribute to the perception of service quality and loyalty behaviour by customers. Con-clusion: The article providing a guideline how the entire process chain of after-sales services could be re-searched and applies successfully the individual level value theory by Schwartz. Implications and research limitation: Brand loyalty is well explained by perceived service quality significantly leads to after-sales service satisfaction, which itself is a strong predictor of workshop loyalty. Moreover, workshop loyal customers are likewise significantly brand loyal, Finally, the influence of culture is empirically verified with the one exception of after-sales service satisfaction.