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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a methodology supported on technological evolution achievements, and consists of a set of processes and tools that allows the creation of a digital three-dimensional model. The model centralizes information, in an organized database, facilitating the data access and the exchange between the collaborators and enterprises along all life cycle of a building. The study is focused on the application of BIM within the framework of a structural design, identifying the benefits and limitations verified in the process and indicating strategies allowing to improve the quality of the project and construction. A structural BIM model of a study case was created; using BIM based platforms, followed by its transfer to the calculation software, where the structural analysis and design were carried out. After, using the structural BIM model complemented with the reinforcements, several applications and tasks were performed, namely, the coordination and collaboration procedures, detection of conflicts analyses, production of dynamic drawings, budget estimation and environmental impact simulation of the structural framework concerning the CO2 emission. In the structural domain, the interoperability is the main problem that must be understood and the present study contributes to clarify the recurrent limitations. The research also presents the capacity of BIM methodology of using the database of the BIM model to achieve several types of tasks that normally are associated to the structural design. The study demonstrates the significant improvement in the quality of the structural design and the wide applicability of the BIM model, when compared with the current traditional sequential and fragmented process.

[EN] The correct performance of the welding processes used to join metal parts or structural elements is considered to be of vital importance to guarantee the reliability of these products during their useful lives. Adequate workstation design ensures a safe environment in which an operator can perform these processes correctly. In order to guarantee the quality of welding seams, which are used to join metal parts and structural elements, a series of standards have been developed; these standards establish requirements to guarantee the correct performance of welding processes, and the inspection of the metal welds obtained. The 5S methodology has proven to be a valid tool for improving workplaces in industrial and service activities; it is a capstone methodology when companies implement lean production approaches. This work presents a framework for applying the 5S methodology in metal welding workplaces. It defines an index to evaluate the degree of implementation of the 5S methodology, and the application of the important performance analysis methodology (IPA). Fuzzy logic is used to treat the uncertainty in evaluating the different evaluation indicators proposed. This framework is applied to a real practical case, to provide an example of its use in establishing good manufacturing practices that guarantee compliance with the requirements of welding standards, and guaranteeing the correct handling and storage of the materials and tools used in welding processes for the manufacture of welded parts and structural elements., This research was funded by the Annual Grants Call of the International Doctorate School of the Spanish National Distance-Learning University (EIDUNED).

Industrial engineering has incorporated building information modeling (BIM) into its curriculum. This work is a comparative study of the teaching results of engineering projects with and without the use of BIM. This study reports the results of a BIM implementation for a basic engineering project subject in an industrial engineering school. The results were evaluated by surveying the opinions of teachers and students. The teacher evaluations were classified using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) under certain and uncertain conditions. To uncover the possible relationship between students’ overall satisfaction, the use of BIM, and criteria used for the teachers’ evaluation, a factor analysis and multifactor analysis of variance (Multifactor-ANOVA) were performed. The teacher evaluation showed better results in courses with greater use of BIM. The results indicate that the use of BIM in the engineering project subject could improve the acquisition of the assessed skills and positively influence student satisfaction.

The growing interest within the construction industry in the preservation, rehabilitation, and conversion of heritage-value buildings has led to the implementation of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) across all sectors. The rigorously accurate representation of old construction solutions for roofs, floors, and walls, and of the decorative details and finishes, commonly used in historic buildings of patrimonial value, requires specific geometric modelling processes in order to generate relevant libraries of parametric objects. This study addresses the generation of parametric families of representative architectural geometry in the context of the conversion of a building of patrimonial value. A collection of historical information and a detailed inspection in situ, recorded by means of digital images and sketches with annotative dimensions of the architectural forms, were first carried out to support the accurate representation of the building. Several families of objects were generated, namely, guillotine windows, glazed doors, ornamental stonework, staircases, and handrails, thus creating a reference library for use in further similar building projects. The study improves the potential of the BIM process for its application to buildings with distinctive architecture in the context of the preservation or conversion of heritage buildings.

Asset management, as a global process through which value is added to a company, is a managerial model that involves major changes in strategies, technologies, and resources, risk management, and a change in the attitude of the people involved. The growing commitment of companies to sustainability results in them applying this approach to all their activities. For this reason, it is relevant to develop sustainability risk assessment procedures in industrial assets. This paper presents a methodological framework for the inclusion of sustainability aspects in the risk management of industrial assets. This approach presents a procedure to provide general criteria, methodology, and essential mandatory requirements to be adopted for the identification, analysis, and evaluation of sustainability aspects, impacts, and risks related to assets owned and managed by an industrial company. The proposed procedure is based on ISO 55,000 and ISO 31,000 standards and was developed following three steps: a preliminary study, identification of sustainability aspects and sustainability risks/opportunities, and impact assessment and residual risks management. Our results could serve as a model that facilitates the improvement of sustainability analysis risks in industrial assets and could be used as a basis for future developments in the application of the standards to optimize management of these assets.

The methodology and technology associated with building information modeling (BIM) provide architects, engineers, and historians with concepts and tools that support the development of heritage projects. However, this specific form of BIM orientated towards buildings of patrimonial value—known as historic building information modeling (HBIM)—requires a distinct and additional view, accounting for aspects which are normally not attended to on projects involving new buildings. In an HBIM context, the parametric modeling process, the basis of any BIM procedure, involves the study of shapes, patterns, or standards for the establishment of particular collections of parametric objects, as well as the record of the available technology used to capture digital geometric data. In addition, all the information collected and generated through an HBIM process must be adequately managed, maintained, and archived. In the present study, we intend to list the most recent features of HBIM, based on a bibliographic review, encompassing distinct building situations (preservation, restoration, rehabilitation, and structural assessment), different technical equipment (drones, scanners, and photogrammetry), as well as diverse forms of geometric characterization (patterns, geometric rules, or curve generation) and ways of archiving data (stratigraphy, old drawings folders, or as-built models). With the aim of identifying, as an overview, we have presented the principal modeling strategies, technologic devices, and archive procedures, as a contribution to systematizing and organizing the dispersed practical and theorical studies related with HBIM.

The processes focused on stone cutting generate a large volume of waste. Small size waste, silt/clay, is not used and goes to landfill. However, the composition of these wastes makes them useful for adding to cements and for use in construction. In the present paper, 10% Ordinary Portland cement is replaced by 10% waste from granite sawmill, which is studied to obtain sustainable ecological cement. This replacement provides advantages from the morphological and chemical point of view at the cements. The waste has a particle size that does not exceed 15 &micro, m and that when replacing in the cement, after the hydration reaction, generates structures where Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gels and double layered hydroxide compounds (LDH) are reaction products formed in high concentration. These products develop stable phases in the structures over long time periods such one year, which was the time frame used in this study.

Human behavior in an emergency situation is the starting point for all evacuation planning projects. A better understanding of the decisions made by the occupants during an emergency can help to develop calculation tools that can create more efficient forms of visual and audio communication and implement better procedures for evacuating people. The difficulty in studying human behavior lies in the very nature of emergencies, as they are unpredictable, somewhat exceptional and not reproducible. Fire drills play a role in training emergency teams and building occupants, but they cannot be used to collect real data on people&rsquo, s behavior unless the drill is so realistic that it could endanger the occupants&rsquo, safety. In the procedure described here, through the use of a Virtual Reality device that encompasses all critical phases, including user characterization data before the virtual experience, building design parameters and fire scenario, key variables of human behavior can be recorded in order to evaluate each user&rsquo, s experience satisfactorily. This research shows that the average delay in starting an evacuation is greater than one minute, that anxiety levels and heart rates increase during a fire and that people do not pay attention to evacuation signals. Further analysis of the quantitative data may also provide the causes for decision-making. The use of devices that create realistic virtual environments is a solution for conducting &ldquo, what if&rdquo, tests to study and record the decisions taken by the users who undergo the experience in a way that is completely safe for them.

The new training plans of the European Higher Education Area recommend the implementation of new teaching methods, which poses new challenges. Different teaching methods have produced successful results by applying collaborative methodologies. This paper evaluates adapting a collaborative methodology for engineering project subjects at a university school of engineering. A statistical analysis that employs a multifactor analysis of variance was performed to identify the factors that influence the success of implementing this approach in engineering project subjects. The results indicate that the size of the group is the most influential factor in implementing a collaborative methodology. With an analytic hierarchy process, a value function was defined to compare the behavior of the proposed collaborative methodology with the behaviors of other methodologies. Using this value function, the results of the proposed collaborative methodology were compared with those of lectures. Relating the comparison criteria to the skills that are acquired by the project subjects, better results are observed with the collaborative methodology.

This study attempts to illustrate the current situation in the Industrial Engineering School in Valladolid regarding the development and management of engineering projects using the BIM (Building Information Modelling) methodology. It is widely accepted that the evolution of information modelling (BIM) is affecting the role of professionals in projects and in the management of the project life cycle. It is starting to become clear within the university environment, that the information modelling of BIM technology must become part of the education of future engineers. It uses integrated project delivery to respond to the professional demand that requires the development of skills in the educational practices to tackle the problems and limitations arising in the new practices. The BIM methodology covers everything from the project stage to asset management. The proposal of its inclusion in the Industrial Engineering School Degree qualifications came about in order to stagger the introduction of the student into the project process set up through this “new philosophy”.

The subsector of industrial building has undergone changes in recent years. These have been: economic changes, as a result of the economic crisis experienced by the construction sector, structural changes because many companies specializing in industrial construction have disappeared, regulatory changes by the emergence of new requirements and functional changes because industrial establishments have been become an image of the brand or company. These changes have led to the emergence of new risks to the safety and health of workers or have increased existing risks, assuming an increased exposure or severity of the effects on workers. These risks are referred to as new and emerging risks. The aim of this communication is to carry out an approach to identification and characterization of new and emerging risks in the industrial green building subsector. This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, title: “Analysis and Assessment of technological requirements for the design of a New Emerging Risks standardized management System (A2NERSYS)” with reference DPI2016-79824-R.

Actualmente en la Ingenieria de Procesos, el uso de herramientas de simulacion y diseno asistido por ordenador en tres dimensiones (3D) para diseno de maquinas, utillajes de fabricacion y maquetas de control dimensional esta muy extendido, no asi para el diseno del metodo y el puesto de trabajo. Para el diseno del puesto de trabajo es necesario contar con los datos de producto, el proceso y los recursos necesarios para la fabricacion. Dentro de estos recursos el factor humano es un factor clave, que obliga a un importante estudio del entorno de trabajo, para asegurar que el operario pueda realizar sus tares con seguridad y sin sufrir lesiones. En esta linea el uso de un Modelo Humano Digital como primer elemento de la denominada �Fabricacion digital�, es una excelente opcion para integrar todos los elementos del diseno productoproceso en una ingenieria concurrente real, que permita analizar variables tan importantes como la ergonomia o la estimacion de tiempos. Desde el punto de vista ergonomico, las posibles lesiones en el sistema musculo-esqueletico sufridas como consecuencia de las tareas en el puesto de trabajo, ha generado un interes general por parte de la ingenieria de fabricacion. El presente trabajo presenta una ampliacion de los metodos de analisis ergonomicos para la prevencion de estos riesgos, que actualmente tiene una de las herramientas mas utilizadas en sectores como la aeronautica o la automocion. Por primera vez se ha implementado satisfactoriamente el metodo OCRA Check-List en una aplicacion en entorno de diseno y simulacion 3D, evaluando ademas la capacidad de la herramienta de simulacion para predecir los tiempos de las tareas. La aplicacion, mediante la participacion activa del evaluador permite, realizar un analisis correcto de los riesgos de lesiones musculo-esqueleticas debidas a trabajos repetitivos, asi como una estimacion de los tiempos de las tareas.

El presente trabajo expone una nueva metodología para una adecuada utilización de herramientas virtuales 3D en procesos de fabricación y montaje. El sistema toma como referencia el modelo 3D del producto para generar el correspondiente entorno virtual 3D donde se diseña y valida el proceso de manera interactiva. Este sistema es capaz de generar todos los recursos necesarios para la realización del proceso de montaje, desde el diseño de la estación de trabajo hasta la incorporación del factor humano pasando por los factores productivos y ergonómicos. La aplicación práctica de esta metodología facilita una rápida adaptación a los posibles cambios del producto y favorece la mejora continua del proceso.

Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) that result from poor ergonomic design are one of the occupational disorders of greatest concern in the industrial sector. A key advantage in the primary design phase is to focus on a method of assessment that detects and evaluates the potential risks experienced by the operative when faced with these types of physical injuries. The method of assessment will improve the process design identifying potential ergonomic improvements from various design alternatives or activities undertaken as part of the cycle of continuous improvement throughout the differing phases of the product life cycle. Methodology/Principal Findings This paper presents a novel postural assessment method (NERPA) fit for product-process design, which was developed with the help of a digital human model together with a 3D CAD tool, which is widely used in the aeronautic and automotive industries. The power of 3D visualization and the possibility of studying the actual assembly sequence in a virtual environment can allow the functional performance of the parts to be addressed. Such tools can also provide us with an ergonomic workstation design, together with a competitive advantage in the assembly process. Conclusions The method developed was used in the design of six production lines, studying 240 manual assembly operations and improving 21 of them. This study demonstrated the proposed method’s usefulness and found statistically significant differences in the evaluations of the proposed method and the widely used Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method.

Virtual reality techniques use at industrial processes provides a real approach to product life cycle. For components manual assembly, the use of virtual surroundings facilitates a simultaneous engineering in which variables such as human factors and productivity take a real act. On the other hand, in the actual phase of industrial competition it is required a rapid adjustment to client needs and to market situation. In this work it is analyzed the assembly of the front components of a vehicle using virtual reality tools and following up a product‐process design methodology which includes every life service stage. This study is based on workstations design, taking into account productive and human factors from the ergonomic point of view implementing a postural study of every assembly operation, leaving the rest of stages for a later study. Design is optimized applying this methodology together with the use of virtual reality tools. It is also achieved a 15% reduction on time assembly and of 90% reduction in muscle—skeletal diseases at every assembly operation.

[EN] The software used for making educational tools allows analyze the engineering phenomena in a more complete and explained way, by means of simulation and experimentation. It is necessary to know the equations about the behaviour of the object under study for the generation of these tools, and to solve them through the right software, obtaining the output values from the input values. With this software it is possible to realize new studies only modifying the parameters of the model or the input values. In this work the alternating current electric circuits are analyzed. Joined with the simulation, this technology also allows the experimentation through the development of practices by WEB that can be done with remote access. These tools can be used both for teaching in the classroom and laboratories. and for doing exercises and in their own study time of the students, [ES] La utilización de software para la elaboración de herramientas didácticas permite, mediante simulación y experimentación, analizar los fenómenos de Ingeniería de una forma más completa e ilustrativa. Para la generación de estas herramientas será necesario conocer las ecuaciones que rigen el comportamiento del fenómeno objeto de estudio, y resolverlas mediante el software adecuado, obteniendo las variables de salida a partir de las variables de entrada. Con el software es posible realizar nuevos estudios modificando los parámetros del modelo o las variables de entrada. En este trabajo se analizan los Circuitos Eléctricos de Corriente Alterna. Junto a la simulación, la tecnología permite también la experimentación, mediante el desarrollo de prácticas vía WEB que pueden ser realizadas con acceso remoto. Estas herramientas pueden ser usadas tanto en la impartición de la docencia en aula y laboratorio, como para la elaboración de problemas y en el propio tiempo de estudio del alumno.