158 results on '"Alberto Rosso"'
Search Results
2. Compass: clinical evaluation of a new instrument for the diagnosis of glaucoma.
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Luca Rossetti, Maurizio Digiuni, Alberto Rosso, Roberta Riva, Giuliano Barbaro, Michael K Smolek, Nicola Orzalesi, Stefano De Cilla', Alessandro Autelitano, and Paolo Fogagnolo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
To evaluate Compass, a new instrument for glaucoma screening and diagnosis that combines scanning ophthalmoscopy, automated perimetry, and eye tracking.A total of 320 human subjects (200 normal, 120 with glaucoma) underwent full ophthalmological evaluation and perimetric evaluation using the Humphrey SITA standard 24° test (HFA), and the Compass test that consisted of a full-threshold program on the central 24° with a photograph of the central 30° of the retina. A subgroup of normal subjects and glaucoma patients underwent a second Compass test during the same day in order to study test-retest variability. After exclusion of 30 patients due to protocol rules, a database was created to compare the Compass to the HFA, and to evaluate retinal image quality and fixation stability.The difference in mean sensitivity between Compass and HFA was -1.02 ± 1.55 dB in normal subjects (p65% of cases; Image-based diagnosis was in accordance with the initial diagnosis in 85% of the subjects.Based on preliminary results, Compass showed useful diagnostic characteristics for the study of glaucoma, and combined morphological information with functional data.
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- 2015
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3. Lack of Activity of Docetaxel in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Results of a Phase II Study of the Italian Group on Rare Tumors
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Armando Santoro, Antonella Romanini, Alberto Rosso, Sergio Frustaci, Alessandro Comandone, Gaetano Apice, Domenico De Toma, Luigi Dogliotti, Rita Lionetto, Carla Dani, Paolo Bruzzi, Marco Piolini, Paola Bergnolo, and Claudio Verusio
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Purpose. The prognosis of advanced soft tissue sarcoma is poor, only a few drugs showing some activity with response rates around 15– 25%. Consequently drug development seems mandatory to improve treatment outcome. Following previous favourable EORTC experience, the Italian Group on Rare Tumors started a phase II study with docetaxel to confirm the activity of this drug in soft tissue sarcoma.
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- 1999
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4. Assessing the predicting power of GPS data for aftershocks forecasting.
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Vincenzo Maria Schimmenti, Giuseppe Petrillo, Alberto Rosso, and François P. Landes
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- 2023
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5. Bath-induced phase transition in a Luttinger liquid
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Saptarshi Majumdar, Laura Foini, Thierry Giamarchi, Alberto Rosso, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-0039,PALM,Physics: Atoms, Light, Matter(2010)
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FOS: Physical sciences ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks - Abstract
We study an XXZ spin chain, where each spin is coupled to an independent ohmic bath of harmonic oscillators at zero temperature. Using bosonization and numerical techniques, we show the existence of two phases separated by an Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition. At low coupling with the bath, the chain remains in a Luttinger liquid phase with a reduced but finite spin stiffness, while above a critical coupling the system is in a dissipative phase characterized by a vanishing spin stiffness. We argue that the transport properties are also inhibited: the Luttinger liquid is a perfect conductor while the dissipative phase displays finite resistivity. Our results show that the effect of the bath can be interpreted as annealed disorder inducing signatures of localization., 11 pages, 4 figures
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- 2023
6. La genèse des répliques dans les modèles masse-ressort
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Eugenio LIPPIELLO, Giuseppe PETRILLO, François LANDES, and Alberto ROSSO
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Le principal objectif de ce chapitre est de passer en revue les principales hypothèses et les étapes analytiques proposées pour expliquer le comportement temporel des répliques, en termes de friction et de dynamique de post-glissement dépendant du temps.
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- 2023
7. Clusters in the critical branching Brownian motion
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Benoît Ferté, Pierre Le Doussal, Alberto Rosso, and Xiangyu Cao
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Statistics and Probability ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Modeling and Simulation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
Brownian particles that are replicated and annihilated at equal rate have strongly correlated positions, forming a few compact clusters separated by large gaps. We characterize the distribution of the particles at a given time, using a definition of clusters in terms a coarse-graining length recently introduced by some of us. We show that, in a non-extinct realization, the average number of clusters grows as $\sim t^{D_{\mathrm{f}}/2}$ where $D_{\mathrm{f}} \approx 0.22$ is the Haussdoff dimension of the boundary of the super-Brownian motion, found by Mueller, Mytnik, and Perkins. We also compute the distribution of gaps between consecutive particles. We find two regimes separated by the characteristic length scale $\ell = \sqrt{D/\beta}$ where $D$ is the diffusion constant and $\beta$ the branching rate. The average number of gaps greater than $g$ decays as $\sim g^{D_{\mathrm{f}}-2}$ for $g\ll \ell$ and $\sim g^{-D_{\mathrm{f}}}$ for $g \gg \ell$. Finally, conditioned on the number of particles $n$, the above distributions are valid for $g \ll \sqrt{n}$; the average number of gaps greater than $g \gg \sqrt{n}$ is much less than one, and decays as $\simeq 4 (g/\sqrt{n})^{-2}$, in agreement with the universal gap distribution predicted by Ramola, Majumdar, and Schehr. Our results interpolate between a dense super-Brownian motion regime and a large-gap regime, unifying two previously independent approaches., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure; v2, minor revisions, accepted version
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- 2022
8. The Genesis of Aftershocks in Spring Slider Models
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Eugenio Lippiello, Giuseppe Petrillo, François P. Landes, and Alberto Rosso
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Slider ,Spring (mathematics) ,Geology ,Aftershock ,Seismology - Published
- 2021
9. Clusters in an epidemic model with long-range dispersal
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Xiangyu Cao, Pierre Le Doussal, and Alberto Rosso
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Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Epidemics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,Disease Outbreaks - Abstract
In presence of long range dispersal, epidemics spread in spatially disconnected regions known as clusters. Here, we characterize exactly their statistical properties in a solvable model, in both the supercritical (outbreak) and critical regimes. We identify two diverging length scales, corresponding to the bulk and the outskirt of the epidemic. We reveal a nontrivial critical exponent that governs the cluster number, the distribution of their sizes and of the distances between them. We also discuss applications to depinning avalanches with long range elasticity., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures; v2: added an application to the Covid-19 outbreak in the US; v3: minor changes, published version
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- 2022
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10. Fundamental Problems in Statistical Physics XV—Preface
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Alberto Rosso, Thomas Speck, and Andrea Gambassi
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Statistics and Probability ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics - Published
- 2023
11. Scaling description of creep flow in amorphous solids
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Marko Popović, Tom W. J. de Geus, Wencheng Ji, Alberto Rosso, and Matthieu Wyart
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Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,behavior ,transition ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,rheology ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,yield-stress - Abstract
Amorphous solids such as coffee foam, toothpaste or mayonnaise display a transient creep flow when a stress $\Sigma$ is suddenly imposed. The associated strain rate is commonly found to decay in time as $\dot{\gamma} \sim t^{-\nu}$, followed either by arrest or by a sudden fluidisation. Various empirical laws have been suggested for the creep exponent $\nu$ and fluidisation time $\tau_f$ in experimental and numerical studies. Here, we postulate that plastic flow is governed by the difference between $\Sigma$ and the transient yield stress $\Sigma_t(\gamma)$ that characterises the stability of configurations visited by the system at strain $\gamma$. Assuming the analyticity of $\Sigma_t(\gamma)$ allows us to predict $\nu$ and asymptotic behaviours of $\tau_f$ in terms of properties of stationary flows. We test successfully our predictions using elastoplastic models and published experimental results.
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- 2021
12. Variant Monte Carlo algorithm for driven elastic strings in random media.
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Alberto Rosso and Werner Krauth
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- 2005
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13. Comment on mr-2021-62
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Alberto Rosso
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- 2021
14. The Fate of Shear-Oscillated Amorphous Solids
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Chen Liu, Ezequiel E. Ferrero, Eduardo A. Jagla, Kirsten Martens, Alberto Rosso, Laurent Talon, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), and Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] - Abstract
The behavior of shear-oscillated amorphous materials is studied using a coarse-grained model. Samples are prepared at different degrees of annealing and then subject to athermal and quasistatic oscillatory deformations at various fixed amplitudes. The steady-state reached after several oscillations is fully determined by the initial preparation and the oscillation amplitude, as seen from stroboscopic stress and energy measurements. Under small oscillations, poorly annealed materials display shear-annealing, while ultra-stabilized materials are insensitive to them. Yet, beyond a critical oscillation amplitude, both kind of materials display a discontinuous transition to the same mixed state composed by a fluid shear-band embedded in a marginal solid. Quantitative relations between uniform shear and the steady-state reached with this protocol are established. The transient regime characterizing the growth and the motion of the shear band is also studied., 10 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in The Journal of Chemical Physics
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- 2021
15. Non-Newtonian rheology in a capillary tube with varying radius
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Federico Lanza, Alberto Rosso, Laurent Talon, and Alex Hansen
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Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,General Chemical Engineering ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Catalysis - Abstract
The flow through a capillary tube with non-constant radius and where bubbles of yield stress fluid are injected is strongly non-linear. In particular below a finite yield pressure drop, $P_y$, flow is absent, while a singular behaviour is expected above it. In this paper we compute the yield pressure drop statistics and the mean flow rate in two cases: (i) when a single bubble is injected, (ii) when many bubbles are randomly injected in the fluid., 12 pages, 8 figures
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- 2021
16. Topological effects and conformal invariance in long-range correlated random surfaces
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Alberto Rosso, Raoul Santachiara, Sebastian Grijalva, Nina Javerzat, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,invariance: conformal ,family ,Critical phenomena ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,random surface ,torus ,anisotropy ,Topology ,integrability ,01 natural sciences ,percolation ,fractal ,Critical line ,Conformal symmetry ,Lattice (order) ,0103 physical sciences ,site ,surface ,universality ,structure ,0101 mathematics ,010306 general physics ,cluster ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,lattice ,Physics ,field theory: conformal ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Conformal field theory ,010102 general mathematics ,scaling ,correlation: long-range ,Torus ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,critical phenomena ,Renormalization group ,effect: topological ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph] ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Universality (dynamical systems) ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,tensor: energy-momentum ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
We consider discrete random fractal surfaces with negative Hurst exponent $H, Comment: 35 pages. Replacement takes into account the comments of the two SciPost referees, which can be found at https://scipost.org/submissions/2005.11830v1/#report_1
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- 2020
17. Spatial clustering of depinning avalanches in presence of long-range interactions
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Clément Le Priol, Alberto Rosso, Pierre Le Doussal, Champs Aléatoires et Systèmes hors d'Équilibre, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,Roughness exponent ,Spatial clustering ,Cluster (physics) ,Statistical physics ,Elasticity (economics) ,010306 general physics ,Scaling ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Disordered elastic interfaces display avalanche dynamics at the depinning transition. For short-range interactions, avalanches correspond to compact reorganizations of the interface well described by the depinning theory. For long-range elasticity, an avalanche is a collection of spatially disconnected clusters. In this paper we determine the scaling properties of the clusters and relate them to the roughness exponent of the interface. The key observation of our analysis is the identification of a Bienaym{\'e}-Galton-Watson process describing the statistics of the cluster number. Our work has a concrete importance for experimental applications where the cluster statistics is a key probe of avalanche dynamics., Comment: 5pages + 6 pages SupMat, 4 + 7 figures
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- 2020
18. Current fluctuations in noninteracting run-and-tumble particles in one dimension
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Alberto Rosso, Tirthankar Banerjee, Grégory Schehr, Satya N. Majumdar, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Current (mathematics) ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Dimension (graph theory) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Function (mathematics) ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Exponential function ,Distribution (mathematics) ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Initial value problem ,Large deviations theory ,010306 general physics ,Rate function ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
We present a general framework to study the distribution of the flux through the origin up to time $t$, in a non-interacting one-dimensional system of particles with a step initial condition with a fixed density $\rho$ of particles to the left of the origin. We focus principally on two cases: (i) when the particles undergo diffusive dynamics (passive case) and (ii) run-and-tumble dynamics for each particle (active case). In analogy with disordered systems, we consider the flux distribution both for the annealed and the quenched initial conditions, for the passive and active particles. In the annealed case, we show that, for arbitrary particle dynamics, the flux distribution is a Poissonian with a mean $\mu(t)$ that we compute exactly in terms of the Green's function of the single particle dynamics. For the quenched case, we show that, for the run-and-tumble dynamics, the quenched flux distribution takes an anomalous large deviation form at large times $P_{\rm qu}(Q,t) \sim \exp\left[-\rho\, v_0\, \gamma \, t^2 \psi_{\rm RTP}\left(\frac{Q}{\rho v_0\,t} \right) \right]$, where $\gamma$ is the rate of tumbling and $v_0$ is the ballistic speed between two successive tumblings. In this paper, we compute the rate function $\psi_{\rm RTP}(q)$ and show that it is nontrivial. Our method also gives access to the probability of the rare event that, at time $t$, there is no particle to the right of the origin. For diffusive and run-and-tumble dynamics, we find that this probability decays with time as a stretched exponential, $\sim \exp(-c\, \sqrt{t})$ where the constant $c$ can be computed exactly. We verify our results for these large deviations by using an importance sampling Monte-Carlo method., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures. To appear in Physical Review E
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- 2020
19. Stochastic growth in time-dependent environments
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Pierre Le Doussal, Alberto Rosso, Guillaume Barraquand, Champs Aléatoires et Systèmes hors d'Équilibre, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
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Discretization ,Field (physics) ,Asymptotic distribution ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Dimension (vector space) ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,Scaling ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Probability (math.PR) ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter::Statistical Mechanics ,Growth equation ,Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI) ,Constant (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Probability - Abstract
We study the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth equation in one dimension with a noise variance $c(t)$ depending on time. We find that for $c(t)\propto t^{-\alpha}$ there is a transition at $\alpha=1/2$. When $\alpha>1/2$, the solution saturates at large times towards a non-universal limiting distribution. When $\alpha, Comment: v3: The exposition has been improved in the letter. Letter: 7 pages. Supplementary material: 33 pages
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- 2020
20. Creep motion of elastic interfaces driven in a disordered landscape
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Laura Foini, Alberto Rosso, Alejandro B. Kolton, Ezequiel E. Ferrero, Thierry Giamarchi, Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work is supported by 'Investissements d’Avenir' LabEx PALM (ANR-10-LABX-0039-PALM) (EquiDystant project, L. Foini)., ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), University of Geneva [Switzerland], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Materials science ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Interface (Java) ,domain walls ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Motion (geometry) ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,ddc:500.2 ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,creep ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,depinning ,Creep ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,avalanches ,disordered elastic systems ,010306 general physics ,activated motion ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
The thermally activated creep motion of an elastic interface weakly driven on a disordered landscape is one of the best examples of glassy universal dynamics. Its understanding has evolved over the last 30 years thanks to a fruitful interplay between elegant scaling arguments, sophisticated analytical calculations, efficient optimization algorithms and creative experiments. In this article, starting from the pioneer arguments, we review the main theoretical and experimental results that lead to the current physical picture of the creep regime. In particular, we discuss recent works unveiling the collective nature of such ultra-slow motion in terms of elementary activated events. We show that these events control the mean velocity of the interface and cluster into "creep avalanches" statistically similar to the deterministic avalanches observed at the depinning critical threshold. The associated spatio-temporal patterns of activated events have been recently observed in experiments with magnetic domain walls. The emergent physical picture is expected to be relevant for a large family of disordered systems presenting thermally activated dynamics., Review article. 25 pages, 14 figures
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- 2020
21. Exact stationary state of a run-and-tumble particle with three internal states in a harmonic trap
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Sanjib Sabhapandit, Urna Basu, Satya N. Majumdar, Grégory Schehr, Alberto Rosso, Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Division, Saha, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Raman Research Institute, Raman Research Insitute, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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Statistics and Probability ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Logarithm ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Mathematical analysis ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Harmonic (mathematics) ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Distribution (mathematics) ,Position (vector) ,Modeling and Simulation ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,010306 general physics ,Constant (mathematics) ,Real line ,Jump process ,Mathematical Physics ,Stationary state ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
We study the motion of a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle with three discrete internal states in the presence of a harmonic trap of stiffness $\mu.$ The three internal states, corresponding to positive, negative and zero velocities respectively, evolve following a jump process with rate $\gamma$. We compute the stationary position distribution exactly for arbitrary values of $\mu$ and $\gamma$ which turns out to have a finite support on the real line. We show that the distribution undergoes a shape-transition as $\beta=\gamma/\mu$ is changed. For $\beta1,$ the position distribution becomes convex, vanishing at the boundaries and with a single, finite, peak at the origin. We also show that for the special case $\beta=1,$ the distribution shows a logarithmic divergence near the origin while saturating to a constant value at the boundaries., Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures
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- 2020
22. Universal Scaling of the Velocity Field in Crack Front Propagation
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Julien Chopin, Pierre Le Doussal, Laurent Ponson, Clément Le Priol, Alberto Rosso, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IF-UFB), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)-Instituto de Fisica, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Champs Aléatoires et Systèmes hors d'Équilibre, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
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Physics ,Imagination ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Phase transition ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Front (oceanography) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Fracture mechanics ,Renormalization group ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,Vector field ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,Scaling ,Critical exponent ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,media_common - Abstract
The propagation of a crack front in disordered materials is jerky and characterized by bursts of activity, called avalanches. These phenomena are the manifestation of an out-of-equilibrium phase transition originated by the disorder. As a result avalanches display universal scalings which are however difficult to characterize in experiments at finite drive. Here we show that the correlation functions of the velocity field along the front allow to extract the critical exponents of the transition and to identify the universality class of the system. We employ these correlations to characterize the universal behavior of the transition in simulations and in an experiment of crack propagation. This analysis is robust, efficient and can be extended to all systems displaying avalanche dynamics., Comment: 5 pages + 6 pages SupMat, 5+4 figures
- Published
- 2019
23. Fundamental Problems in Statistical Physics XIV Special Issue
- Author
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Thomas Speck, Alberto Rosso, and Marco Baiesi
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Management science ,Condensed Matter Physics ,business - Published
- 2018
24. Eigenstate versus Zeeman-based approaches to the solid effect
- Author
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Inés Rodríguez-Arias, Alberto Rosso, and Andrea De Luca
- Subjects
Density matrix ,Zeeman effect ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Electron ,010402 general chemistry ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,Projection (linear algebra) ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Perturbation theory ,010306 general physics ,Hyperfine structure ,Eigenvalues and eigenvectors - Abstract
The solid effect is one of the simplest and most effective mechanisms for dynamic nuclear polarization. It involves the exchange of polarization between one electron and one nuclear spin coupled via the hyperfine interaction. Even for such a small spin system, the theoretical understanding is complicated by the contact with the lattice and the microwave irradiation. Both being weak, they can be treated within perturbation theory. In this work, we analyze the two most popular perturbation schemes: the Zeeman and the eigenstate-based approaches, which differ in the way the hyperfine interaction is treated. For both schemes, we derive from first principles an effective Liouville equation that describes the density matrix of the spin system; we then study numerically the behavior of the nuclear polarization for several values of the hyperfine coupling. In general, we obtain that the Zeeman-based approach underestimates the value of the nuclear polarization. By performing a projection onto the diagonal part of the spin-system density matrix, we are able to understand the origin of the discrepancy, which is due to the presence of parasite leakage transitions appearing whenever the Zeeman basis is employed.
- Published
- 2018
25. Soft modes and strain redistribution in continuous models of amorphous plasticity: the Eshelby paradigm, and beyond?
- Author
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Xiangyu Cao, Alberto Rosso, Alexandre Nicolas, Denny Trimcev, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
- Subjects
Physics ,Mesoscopic physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Condensed matter physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Propagator ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,General Chemistry ,Soft modes ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Plasticity ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Shear (geology) ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Halo ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Anisotropy ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] ,Softening ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
The deformation of disordered solids relies on swift and localised rearrangements of particles. The inspection of soft vibrational modes can help predict the locations of these rearrangements, while the strain that they actually redistribute mediates collective effects. Here, we study soft modes and strain redistribution in a two-dimensional continuous mesoscopic model based on a Ginzburg-Landau free energy for perfect solids, supplemented with a plastic disorder potential that accounts for shear softening and rearrangements. Regardless of the disorder strength, our numerical simulations show soft modes that are always sharply peaked at the softest point of the material (unlike what happens for the depinning of an elastic interface). Contrary to widespread views, the deformation halo around this peak does not always have a quadrupolar (Eshelby-like) shape. Instead, for finite and narrowly-distributed disorder, it looks like a fracture, with a strain field that concentrates along some easy directions. These findings are rationalised with analytical calculations in the case where the plastic disorder is confined to a point-like `impurity'. In this case, we unveil a continuous family of elastic propagators, which are identical for the soft modes and for the equilibrium configurations. This family interpolates between the standard quadrupolar propagator and the fracture-like one as the anisotropy of the elastic medium is increased. Therefore, we expect to see a fracture-like propagator when extended regions on the brink of failure have already softened along the shear direction and thus rendered the material anisotropic, but not failed yet. We speculate that this might be the case in carefully aged glasses just before macroscopic failure., 13 pages, 6 figures + references, minor corrections
- Published
- 2018
26. Characterizing Thermal Mixing Dynamic Nuclear Polarization via Cross-Talk between Spin Reservoirs
- Author
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Geoffrey Bodenhausen, Dennis Kurzbach, David Guarin, Konstantin L. Ivanov, Alberto Rosso, Daniel Abergel, Sina Marhabaie, Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
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Chemistry ,Radical ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Time evolution ,Analytical chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,Nitroxide radical ,0104 chemical sciences ,Magnetic field ,[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,Chemical physics ,Thermal ,General Materials Science ,Hyperpolarization (physics) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
International audience; Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) embraces a family of methods to increase signal intensities in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Despite extensive theoretical work that allows one to distinguish at least five distinct mechanisms, it remains challenging to determine the relative weights of the processes that are responsible for DNP in state-of-the-art experiments operating with stable organic radicals like nitroxides at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Specifically, determining experimental conditions where DNP involves thermal mixing, which denotes a spontaneous heat exchange between different spin reservoirs, remains challenging. We propose an experimental approach to ascertain the prevalence of the thermal mixing regime by monitoring characteristic signature properties of the time evolution of the hyperpolarization. We find that thermal mixing is the dominant DNP mechanism at high nitroxide radical concentrations, while a mixture of different mechanisms prevails at lower concentrations.
- Published
- 2017
27. Scaling description of non-local rheology
- Author
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Alberto Rosso, Jie Lin, Thomas Gueudré, Matthieu Wyart, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Department of Physics [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and affiliation inconnue
- Subjects
Physics ,Length scale ,Characteristic length ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Strain rate ,Plasticity ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Amorphous solid ,Rheology ,Mean field theory ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] ,Scaling - Abstract
Non-locality is crucial to understand the plastic flow of an amorphous material, and has been successfully described by the fluidity, along with a cooperativity length scale {\xi}. We demonstrate, by applying the scaling hypothesis to the yielding transition, that non-local effects in non-uniform stress configurations can be explained within the framework of critical phenomena. From the scaling description, scaling relations between different exponents are derived, and collapses of strain rate profiles are made both in shear driven and pressure driven flow. We find that the cooperative length in non-local flow is governed by the same correlation length in finite dimensional homogeneous flow, excluding the mean field exponents. We also show that non-locality also affects the finite size scaling of the yield stress, especially the large finite size effects observed in pressure driven flow. Our theoretical results are nicely verified by the elasto-plastic model, and experimental data., Comment: 4 pages + Appendix, 7 figures
- Published
- 2017
28. Seismiclike organization of avalanches in a driven long-range elastic string as a paradigm of brittle cracks
- Author
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Daniel Bonamy, Jonathan Barés, Alberto Rosso, Moyens expérimentaux (Servex), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Physiques Hors-équilibre, hYdrodynamique, éNergie et compleXes (SPHYNX), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
- Subjects
pinning depinning ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Induced seismicity ,Impulse (physics) ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Geophysics ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Elastic string ,brittle fracture ,Brittleness ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,010306 general physics ,Scaling ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Aftershock ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Stiffness ,Fracture mechanics ,Mechanics ,[SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph] ,time clustering ,crackling ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,medicine.symptom ,seismicity ,Geology - Abstract
Very often damage and fracture in heterogeneous materials exhibit bursty dynamics made of successive impulse-like events which form characteristic aftershock sequences obeying specific scaling laws initially derived in seismology: Gutenberg-Richter law, productivity law, B\r{a}th's law and Omori-Utsu law. We show here how these laws naturally arise in the model of the long-range elastic depinning interface used as a paradigm to model crack propagation in heterogeneous media. We unravel the specific conditions required to observe this seismic-like organization in the crack propagation problem. Beyond failure problems, the results extend to a variety of situations described by models of the same universality class: contact line motion in the wetting problem or domain wall motion in dirty ferromagnet, to name a few., Comment: 12 pages
- Published
- 2019
29. How collective asperity detachments nucleate slip at frictional interfaces
- Author
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Marko Popovic, Matthieu Wyart, Wencheng Ji, Alberto Rosso, Tom W. J. de Geus, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Subjects
stick-slip ,Materials science ,onset ,media_common.quotation_subject ,friction ,Nucleation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Slip (materials science) ,Plasticity ,shear ,Inertia ,01 natural sciences ,Power law ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,rock friction ,Physics::Geophysics ,state ,sub-rayleigh ,0103 physical sciences ,Critical radius ,010306 general physics ,earthquakes ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,media_common ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Multidisciplinary ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,transition ,Mechanics ,dynamics ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,inertia ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,PNAS Plus ,fracture ,rupture ,avalanches ,Pseudogap ,Asperity (materials science) - Abstract
Sliding at a quasi-statically loaded frictional interface can occur via macroscopic slip events, which nucleate locally before propagating as rupture fronts very similar to fracture. We introduce a microscopic model of a frictional interface that includes asperity-level disorder, elastic interaction between local slip events, and inertia. For a perfectly flat and homogeneously loaded interface, we find that slip is nucleated by avalanches of asperity detachments of extension larger than a critical radius A c governed by a Griffith criterion. We find that after slip, the density of asperities at a local distance to yielding x σ presents a pseudogap P ( x σ ) ∼ ( x σ ) θ , where θ is a nonuniversal exponent that depends on the statistics of the disorder. This result makes a link between friction and the plasticity of amorphous materials where a pseudogap is also present. For friction, we find that a consequence is that stick–slip is an extremely slowly decaying finite-size effect, while the slip nucleation radius A c diverges as a θ -dependent power law of the system size. We discuss how these predictions can be tested experimentally.
- Published
- 2019
30. Fault Heterogeneity and the Connection between Aftershocks and Afterslip
- Author
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Alberto Rosso, Giuseppe Petrillo, Eugenio Lippiello, François P. Landes, Department of Mathematics and Physics [Caserta], Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté des Sciences (UP11 UFR Sciences), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We thank Eduardo Jagla and Hugo Perfettini for useful discussions. This work was partially supported by the grant from the Simons Foundation, for FL (# 454935 Giulio Biroli, #327939 Andrea Liu, #454951 David Reichman), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Lippiello, E., Petrillo, G., Landes, F., and Rosso, A.
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Logarithm ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Fault (geology) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Geophysics ,Stress (mechanics) ,Physics - Geophysics ,symbols.namesake ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Coulomb ,Statistical physics ,Pareto distribution ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,Aftershock ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Static friction ,Connection (mathematics) ,Geophysics (physics.geo-ph) ,Geophysics ,symbols ,Geology - Abstract
Whether aftershocks originate directly from the mainshock and surrounding stress environment or from afterslip dynamics is crucial to the understanding of the nature of aftershocks. We build on a classical description of the fault and creeping regions as two blocks connected elastically, subject to different friction laws. We show analytically that, upon introduction of variability in the fault plane's static friction threshold, a non trivial stick-slip dynamics ensues. In particular we support the hypothesis \citep{PA04} that the aftershock occurrence rate is proportional to the afterslip rate, up to a corrective factor that is also computed. Thus, the Omori law originates from the afterslip's logarithmic evolution in the velocity-strengthening region. We confirm these analytical results with numerical simulations, generating synthetic catalogs with statistical features in good agreement with instrumental catalogs. In particular we recover the Gutenberg-Richter law with a realistic $b$-value ($b\simeq 1$) when Coulomb stress thresholds obey a power law distribution., 9 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2019
31. Exactly solvable model for dynamic nuclear polarization
- Author
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Inés Rodríguez-Arias, Markus Müller, Andrea De Luca, Alberto Rosso, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Rudolf Peierls Center for Theoretical Physics, and University of Oxford [Oxford]
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,Anderson localization ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,Spins ,Condensed matter physics ,Multifractal scaling ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Multifractal system ,Fermion ,Hyperpolarization (biology) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,3. Good health ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Magnet ,0103 physical sciences ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
We introduce a solvable model of driven fermions that elucidates the role of the localization transition in driven disordered magnets, as used in the context of dynamic nuclear polarization. Instead of spins, we study a set of non-interacting fermions that are coupled locally to nuclear spins and tend to hyperpolarize them. The induced hyperpolarization is a fingerprint of the driven steady state of the fermions, which undergo an Anderson Localization (AL) transition upon increasing the disorder. Our central result is that the maximal hyperpolarization level is always found close to the localization transition. In the limit of small nuclear moments the maximum is pinned to the transition, and the hyperpolarization is strongly enhanced by multi-fractal correlations in the critical state of the nearly localized driven system, its magnitude reflecting multi-fractal scaling., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 5 pages of appendices
- Published
- 2018
32. Active Brownian Motion in Two Dimensions
- Author
-
Satya N. Majumdar, Alberto Rosso, Urna Basu, Grégory Schehr, Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Division, Saha, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
- Subjects
Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Plane (geometry) ,Rotational diffusion ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Radial distribution ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Position (vector) ,0103 physical sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,010306 general physics ,Anisotropy ,Constant (mathematics) ,Brownian motion ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
We study the dynamics of a single active Brownian particle (ABP) in two spatial dimensions. The ABP has an intrinsic time scale $D_R^{-1}$ set by the rotational diffusion constant $D_R$. We show that, at short-times $t \ll D_R^{-1}$, the presence of `activness' results in a strongly anisotropic and non-diffusive dynamics in the $(xy)$ plane. We compute exactly the marginal distributions of the $x$ and $y$ position coordinates along with the radial distribution, which are all shown to be non-Brownian. In addition, we show that, at early times, the ABP has anomalous first-passage properties, characterized by non-Brownian exponents., 11 pages, 4 figures, published version (typos corrected)
- Published
- 2018
33. A random critical point separates brittle and ductile yielding transitions in amorphous materials
- Author
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Misaki Ozawa, Alberto Rosso, Ludovic Berthier, Giulio Biroli, Gilles Tarjus, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Phase transition ,Yield (engineering) ,Materials science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular dynamics ,Brittleness ,Critical point (thermodynamics) ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,010306 general physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Random field ,Condensed matter physics ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Amorphous solid ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,Physical Sciences ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Ising model ,0210 nano-technology ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] - Abstract
We combine an analytically solvable mean-field elasto-plastic model with molecular dynamics simulations of a generic glass-former to demonstrate that, depending on their preparation protocol, amorphous materials can yield in two qualitatively distinct ways. We show that well-annealed systems yield in a discontinuous brittle way, as metallic and molecular glasses do. Yielding corresponds in this case to a first-order nonequilibrium phase transition. As the degree of annealing decreases, the first-order character becomes weaker and the transition terminates in a second-order critical point in the universality class of an Ising model in a random field. For even more poorly annealed systems, yielding becomes a smooth crossover, representative of the ductile rheological behavior generically observed in foams, emulsions, and colloidal glasses. Our results show that the variety of yielding behavior found in amorphous materials does not result from the diversity of particle interactions or microscopic dynamics {\it per se}, but is instead unified by carefully considering the role of the initial stability of the system., 15 pages, 14 figures. V2: Accepted for publication in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
- Published
- 2018
34. High-precision simulation of the height distribution for the KPZ equation
- Author
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Pierre Le Doussal, Grégory Schehr, Alexander K. Hartmann, Satya N. Majumdar, Alberto Rosso, University of Oldenburg, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS ( LPTENS ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques ( LPTMS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
- Subjects
Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Crossover ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Probability density function ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Distribution (mathematics) ,[ PHYS.COND.CM-SM ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,0103 physical sciences ,Exponent ,Continuum (set theory) ,Statistical physics ,Left tail ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Scaling ,Importance sampling ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
The one-point distribution of the height for the continuum Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is determined numerically using the mapping to the directed polymer in a random potential at high temperature. Using an importance sampling approach, the distribution is obtained over a large range of values, down to a probability density as small as 10^{-1000} in the tails. Both short and long times are investigated and compared with recent analytical predictions for the large-deviation forms of the probability of rare fluctuations. At short times the agreement with the analytical expression is spectacular. We observe that the far left and right tails, with exponents 5/2 and 3/2 respectively, are preserved until large time. We present some evidence for the predicted non-trivial crossover in the left tail from the 5/2 tail exponent to the cubic tail of Tracy-Widom, although the details of the full scaling form remains beyond reach., 6 pages, 5 figures
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- 2018
35. Localization of soft modes at the depinning transition
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Sebastián Bouzat, Alejandro B. Kolton, Xiangyu Cao, Alberto Rosso, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA)
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Ciencias Físicas ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Soft modes ,Otras Ciencias Físicas ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Matrix (mathematics) ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Anderson impurity model ,Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Spectrum (functional analysis) ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https] ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Connection (mathematics) ,Depinning Transition ,Pinning ,Depinning Model ,Density of states ,Ground state ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
We characterize the soft modes of the dynamical matrix at the depinning transition, and compare it with the properties of the Anderson model (and long--range generalizations). The density of states at the edge of the spectrum displays a universal linear tail, different from the Lifshitz tails. The eigenvectors are instead very similar in the two matrix ensembles. We focus on the ground state (soft mode), which represents the epicenter of avalanche instabilities. We expect it to be localized in all finite dimensions, and make a clear connection between its localization length and the Larkin length of the depinning model. In the fully connected model, the weak--strong pinning transition coincides with a peculiar localization transition of the ground state., Revised Section V with new Figure; 18 pages, 14 figures
- Published
- 2018
36. Operator Product Expansion in Liouville Field Theory and Seiberg type transitions in log-correlated Random Energy Models
- Author
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Xiangyu Cao, Pierre Le Doussal, Alberto Rosso, Raoul Santachiara, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS ( LPTENS ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques ( LPTMS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory ,Integrable system ,FOS: Physical sciences ,integrability ,01 natural sciences ,symmetry breaking ,operator product expansion ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,[ PHYS.HTHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th] ,symbols.namesake ,Correlation function ,gas ,0103 physical sciences ,overlap ,[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph] ,Symmetry breaking ,Statistical physics ,Operator product expansion ,correlation function ,Liouville field theory ,Gibbs measure ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,[PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th] ,background ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,free energy ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph] ,Distribution (mathematics) ,model: random ,field theory: Liouville ,diffusion: model ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,symbols ,Large deviations theory ,absorption ,statistical - Abstract
We study transitions in log-correlated Random Energy Models (logREMs) that are related to the violation of a Seiberg bound in Liouville field theory (LFT): the binding transition and the termination point transition (a.k.a. pre-freezing). By means of LFT-logREM mapping, replica symmetry breaking and traveling-wave equation techniques, we unify both transitions in a two-parameter diagram, which describes the free energy large deviations of logREMs with a deterministic background log potential, or equivalently, the joint moments of the free energy and Gibbs measure in logREMs without background potential. Under the LFT-logREM mapping, the transitions correspond to the competition of discrete and continuous terms in a four-point correlation function. Our results provide a statistical interpretation of a peculiar non-locality of the operator product expansion in LFT. The results are re-derived by a traveling-wave equation calculation, which shows that the features of LFT responsible for the transitions are reproduced in a simple model of diffusion with absorption. We examine also the problem by a replica symmetry breaking analysis. It complements the previous methods and reveals a rich large deviation structure of the free energy of logREMs with a deterministic background log potential. Many results are verified in the integrable circular logREM, by a replica-Coulomb gas integral approach. The related problem of common length (overlap) distribution is also considered. We provide a traveling-wave equation derivation of the LFT predictions announced in a precedent work., Comment: 25 pages + references, 8 figures, 2 tables
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- 2018
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37. Avalanches dynamics in reaction fronts in disordered flows
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Laurent Talon, Awadhesh K. Dubey, Thibaud Chevalier, Alberto Rosso, Severine Atis, Dominique Salin, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Universality (dynamical systems) ,Front propagation ,0103 physical sciences ,Front velocity ,Statistical physics ,Autocatalytic reaction ,010306 general physics ,Porous medium ,Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
We report on numerical studies of avalanches of an autocatalytic reaction front in a porous medium. The front propagation is controlled by an adverse flow resulting in upstream, static, or downstream regimes. In an earlier study focusing on front shape, we identified three different universality classes associated with this system by following the front dynamics experimentally and numerically. Here, using numerical simulations in the vicinity of the second-order transition, we identify an avalanche dynamics characterized by power-law distributions of avalanche sizes, durations, and lateral extensions. The related exponents agree well with the quenched-Kardar-Parisi-Zhang theory, which describes the front dynamics. However, the geometry of the propagating front differs slightly from that of the theoretical one. We show that this discrepancy can be understood in terms of the nonquasistatic correction induced by the finite front velocity.
- Published
- 2017
38. Pickands' constant at first order in an expansion around Brownian motion
- Author
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Mathieu Delorme, Alberto Rosso, Kay Jörg Wiese, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Statistics::Theory ,[PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,Hurst index ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,symbols.namesake ,Wiener process ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Gaussian process ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,Brownian motion ,Mathematical physics ,Physics ,Fractional Brownian motion ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,16. Peace & justice ,First order ,Modeling and Simulation ,symbols ,Exponent ,Constant (mathematics) - Abstract
In the theory of extreme values of Gaussian processes, many results are expressed in terms of the Pickands constant $\mathcal{H}_{\alpha}$. This constant depends on the local self-similarity exponent $\alpha$ of the process, i.e. locally it is a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) of Hurst index $H=\alpha/2$. Despite its importance, only two values of the Pickands constant are known: ${\cal H}_1 =1$ and ${\cal H}_2=1/\sqrt{\pi}$. Here, we extend the recent perturbative approach to fBm to include drift terms. This allows us to investigate the Pickands constant $\mathcal{H}_{\alpha}$ around standard Brownian motion ($\alpha =1$) and to derive the new exact result $\mathcal{H}_{\alpha}=1 - (\alpha-1) \gamma_{\rm E} + \mathcal{O}\!\left( \alpha-1\right)^{2}$., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2017
39. Radiation therapy utilisation in patients with bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer: A multicenter study
- Author
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Alberto Rosso, Corrado Spatola, Vincenza Umina, Giuseppe Privitera, A. Girlando, Dario Marletta, Lorenza Marino, N. Ricottone, Antonio Potami, Stefano Pergolizzi, Micol Mazzei, Antonio Pontoriero, Vincenzo Barone, Silvana Parisi, Raffaele Runco, G. Arena, Giovanna Messina, Valentino Donato, Antonino D'Agostino, Anna Santacaterina, Pietro Delia, P. Frosina, Giuseppe Sansotta, Carmen Rifatto, Salvatore Bonanno, A. Corallo, Edoarda Risoleti, Maria Tamburo, Salvatore Lopes, A. Arcudi, G. Garufi, Giuseppe Iatì, Alessandro Sindoni, Francesco Marletta, Angelo Platania, Grazia Acquaviva, and Michele Pisana
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Male ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,prevalence ,bone metastases ,incidence ,prostate cancer ,radiation therapy ,Bone Neoplasms ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sicily ,Analysis of Variance ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,Multicenter study ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radiology ,business - Published
- 2017
40. Genuine localisation transition in a long-range hopping model
- Author
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Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Xiangyu Cao, Alberto Rosso, Pierre Le Doussal, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Capital Fund Management (CFM), Capital Fund Management, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Le Vaou, Claudine
- Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,Dimension (vector space) ,[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph] ,0103 physical sciences ,Calculus ,Statistical physics ,Well-defined ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Quantum ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,[PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph] ,Phase diagram ,Mathematics ,Quantum Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Series (mathematics) ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Exponential function ,Range (mathematics) ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Random matrix - Abstract
We introduce and study a new class of Banded Random Matrix model describing sparse, long range quantum hopping in one dimension. Using a series of analytic arguments, numerical simulations, and mappings to statistical physics models, we establish the phase diagram of the model. A genuine localisation transition, with well defined mobility edges, appears as the hopping rate decreases slower than $\ell^{-2}$, where $\ell$ is the distance. Correspondingly, the decay of the localised states evolves from a standard exponential shape to a stretched exponential and finally to a novel $\exp(-C\ln^\kappa \ell)$ behaviour, with $\kappa > 1$., Comment: updated version; 14 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2017
41. Scaling description of the yielding transition in soft amorphous solids at zero temperature
- Author
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Jie Lin, Matthieu Wyart, Alberto Rosso, Edan Lerner, Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Soft Matter Research [New-York] (CSMR), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Quantum Condensed Matter Theory (ITFA, IoP, FNWI)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Yield (engineering) ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Condensed matter physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Plasticity ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physical Sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,Shear stress ,Exponent ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,Shear matrix ,010306 general physics ,Critical exponent ,Scaling ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Complex fluid - Abstract
Yield stress materials flow if a sufficiently large shear stress is ap- plied. Although such materials are ubiquitous and relevant for indus- try, there is no accepted microscopic description of how they yield, even in the simplest situations where temperature is negligible and where flow inhomogeneities such as shear bands or fractures are ab- sent. Here we propose a scaling description of the yielding transition in amorphous solids made of soft particles at zero temperature. Our description makes a connection between the Herschel-Bulkley expo- nent characterizing the singularity of the flow curve near the yield stress {\Sigma}c, the extension and duration of the avalanches of plasticity observed at threshold, and the density P(x) of soft spots, or shear transformation zones, as a function of the stress increment x be- yond which they yield. We argue that the critical exponents of the yielding transition can be expressed in terms of three independent exponents {\theta}, df and z, characterizing respectively the density of soft spots, the fractal dimension of the avalanches, and their duration. Our description shares some similarity with the depinning transition that occurs when an elastic manifold is driven through a random potential, but also presents some striking differences. We test our arguments in an elasto-plastic model, an automaton model similar to those used in depinning, but with a different interaction kernel, and find satisfying agreement with our predictions both in two and three dimensions., Comment: 6 pages + 2 pages supplementary information
- Published
- 2014
42. Relevance of electron spin dissipative processes to dynamic nuclear polarization via thermal mixing
- Author
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Pietro Carretta, Marta Filibian, Sonia Colombo Serra, Alberto Rosso, Fabio Tedoldi, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Dipartimento di Fisica and Unità (CNISM), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Regis, Géraldine
- Subjects
Materials science ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Gadolinium ,Relaxation (NMR) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Electron ,Polarization (waves) ,Molecular physics ,3. Good health ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,Paramagnetism ,Magnetic anisotropy ,chemistry ,Dissipative system ,Molecule ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
The available theoretical approaches aiming at describing Dynamic Nuclear spin Polarization (DNP) in solutions containing molecules of biomedical interest and paramagnetic centers are not able to model the behaviour observed upon varying the concentration of trityl radicals or the polarization enhancement caused by moderate addition of gadolinium complexes. In this manuscript, we first show experimentally that the nuclear steady state polarization reached in solutions of pyruvic acid with 15 mM trityl radicals is substantially independent from the average internuclear distance. This evidences a leading role of electron (over nuclear) spin relaxation processes in determining the ultimate performances of DNP. Accordingly, we have devised a variant of the Thermal Mixing model for inhomogenously broadened electron resonance lines which includes a relaxation term describing the exchange of magnetic anisotropy energy of the electron spin system with the lattice. Thanks to this additional term, the dependence of the nuclear polarization on the electron concentration can be properly accounted for. Moreover, the model predicts a strong increase of the final polarization on shortening the electron spin-lattice relaxation time, providing a possible explanation for the effect of gadolinium doping., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures
- Published
- 2014
43. Spatiotemporal Patterns in Ultraslow Domain Wall Creep Dynamics
- Author
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Laura Foini, Ezequiel E. Ferrero, A. B. Kolton, Alberto Rosso, Thierry Giamarchi, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Quantum Matter Physics [Geneva] (DQMP), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Le Vaou, Claudine
- Subjects
Ciencias Físicas ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph] ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ddc:500.2 ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,Disorder ,External field ,Creep Motion ,Elastic Manifolds ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Aftershock ,Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https] ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,Ferroelectricity ,Astronomía ,Domain wall (magnetism) ,Ferromagnetism ,Creep ,Non Equilibrium Transport ,Physics - Computational Physics ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
In presence of impurities, ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain walls slide only above a finite external field. Close to this depinning threshold, they proceed by large and abrupt jumps, called avalanches, while, at much smaller field, these interfaces creep by thermal activation. In this work we develop a novel numerical technique that captures the ultra-slow creep regime over huge time scales. We point out the existence of activated events that involve collective reorganizations similar to avalanches, but, at variance with them, display correlated spatio-temporal patterns that resemble the complex sequence of aftershocks observed after a large earthquake. Remarkably, we show that events assembly in independent clusters that display at large scales the same statistics as critical depinning avalanches. We foresee this correlated dynamics being experimentally accessible by magneto-optical imaging of ferromagnetic films., Comment: Article: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplement: 5 pages, 5 figures
- Published
- 2016
44. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance studies of DNP-ready trehalose obtained by solid state mechanochemical amorphization
- Author
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Marta Filibian, Attilio Cesàro, S. Colombo Serra, Alberto Rosso, Pietro Carretta, Elena Elisei, Fabio Tedoldi, Dipartimento di Fisica and Unità (CNISM), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA (SINCROTRONE TRIESTE), Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste
- Subjects
Materials science ,Radical ,Analytical chemistry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,Dissolution ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Spins ,Doping ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,Atmospheric temperature range ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amorphous solid ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,0210 nano-technology ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] ,Order of magnitude - Abstract
$^1$H nuclear spin-lattice relaxation and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) have been studied in amorphous samples of trehalose sugar doped with TEMPO radicals by means of mechanical milling, in the 1.6 K $\div$ 4.2 K temperature range. The radical concentration was varied between 0.34 and 0.81 $\%$. The highest polarization of 15 \% at 1.6 K, observed in the sample with concentration $0.50 \%$, is of the same order of magnitude of that reported in standard frozen solutions with TEMPO. The temperature and concentration dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_{\text{1}}$, dominated by the coupling with the electron spins, were found to follow power laws with an exponent close to $3$ in all samples. The observed proportionality between $1/T_{\text{1}}$ and the polarization rate $1/T_{\text{pol}}$, with a coefficient related to the electron polarization, is consistent with the presence of Thermal Mixing (TM) and a good contact between the nuclear and the electron spins. At high electron concentration additional relaxation channels causing a decrease in the nuclear polarization must be considered. These results provide further support for a more extensive use of amorphous DNP-ready samples, obtained by means of comilling, in dissolution DNP experiments and possibly for $\textit{in vivo}$ metabolic imaging.
- Published
- 2016
45. Occupation time statistics of the random acceleration model
- Author
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Hermann Joel Ouandji Boutcheng, Andrea Zoia, Theodore W. Burkhardt, Alberto Rosso, Thomas Bouetou Bouetou, Kofane Timoleon Crepin, Centre d’Excellence en Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (CETIC asbl), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique de Yaoundé (ENSPY), Université de Yaoundé I, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Statistics and Probability ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Monte Carlo method ,Motion (geometry) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Acceleration (differential geometry) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Connection (mathematics) ,Exact results ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistics ,Inverse trigonometric functions ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,010306 general physics ,Brownian motion ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematics - Abstract
The random acceleration model is one of the simplest non-Markovian stochastic systems and has been widely studied in connection with applications in physics and mathematics. However, the occupation time and related properties are non-trivial and not yet completely understood. In this paper we consider the occupation time $T_+$ of the one-dimensional random acceleration model on the positive half-axis. We calculate the first two moments of $T_+$ analytically and also study the statistics of $T_+$ with Monte Carlo simulations. One goal of our work was to ascertain whether the occupation time $T_+$ and the time $T_m$ at which the maximum of the process is attained are statistically equivalent. For regular Brownian motion the distributions of $T_+$ and $T_m$ coincide and are given by L\'evy's arcsine law. We show that for randomly accelerated motion the distributions of $T_+$ and $T_m$ are quite similar but not identical. This conclusion follows from the exact results for the moments of the distributions and is also consistent with our Monte Carlo simulations., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Evidence of spin-temperature in dynamic nuclear polarization: an exact computation of the EPR spectrum
- Author
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Alberto Rosso, Filippo Caracciolo, Marta Filibian, Pietro Carretta, Andrea De Luca, Dipartimento di Fisica and Unità (CNISM), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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Materials science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Electron ,010402 general chemistry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,law.invention ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Spin (physics) ,Electron paramagnetic resonance ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Spins ,Resonance ,Polarization (waves) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dipole ,Microwave - Abstract
In dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments, the compound is driven out-of-equilibrium by microwave (MW) irradiation of the radical electron spins. Their stationary state has been recently probed via electron double resonance (ELDOR) techniques showing, at low temperature, a broad depolarization of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum under microwave irradiation. In this theoretical manuscript, we develop a numerical method to compute exactly the EPR spectrum in presence of dipolar interactions. Our results reproduce the observed broad depolarisation and provide a microscopic justification for spectral diffusion mechanism. We show the validity of the spin-temperature approach for typical radical concentration used in dissolution DNP protocols. In particular once the interactions are properly taken into account, the spin-temperature is consistent with the non-monotonic behavior of the EPR spectrum with a wide minimum around the irradiated frequency., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Title and abstract changed
- Published
- 2016
47. Exact Short-Time Height Distribution in the One-Dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation and Edge Fermions at High Temperature
- Author
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Grégory Schehr, Pierre Le Doussal, Alberto Rosso, Satya N. Majumdar, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Gaussian ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Probability density function ,Fermion ,Renormalization group ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation ,symbols.namesake ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Probability distribution ,010306 general physics ,Rate function ,Scaling ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience; We consider the early time regime of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in 1 + 1 dimensions in curved (or droplet) geometry. We show that for short time t, the probability distribution P(H, t) of the height H at a given point x takes the scaling form P(H, t) similar to exp[-Phi(drop)(H)/root t]where the rate function Phi(drop)(H) is computed exactly for all H. While it is Gaussian in the center, i.e., for small H, the probability distribution function has highly asymmetric non-Gaussian tails that we characterize in detail. This function Phi(drop)(H) is surprisingly reminiscent of the large deviation function describing the stationary fluctuations of finite-size models belonging to the KPZ universality class. Thanks to a recently discovered connection between the KPZ equation and free fermions, our results have interesting implications for the fluctuations of the rightmost fermion in a harmonic trap at high temperature and the full counting statistics at the edge.
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- 2016
48. Thermalization and many-body localization in systems under dynamic nuclear polarization
- Author
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Inés Rodríguez-Arias, Andrea De Luca, Alberto Rosso, Markus Müller, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), and University of Basel (Unibas)
- Subjects
Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,Condensed matter physics ,Spins ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,3. Good health ,Dipole ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Thermalisation ,0103 physical sciences ,Hyperpolarization (physics) ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Spin (physics) ,Stationary state ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
We study the role of dipolar interactions in the standard protocol used to achieve dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). In the so-called spin-temperature regime, where the interactions establish an effective thermodynamic behavior in the out-of-equilibrium stationary state, we provide numerical predictions for the level of hyperpolarization. We show that nuclear spins equilibrate to the effective spin-temperature established among the electron spins of radicals, as expected from the quantum theory of thermalization. Moreover, we present an analytical technique to estimate the spin temperature, and thus, the nuclear hyperpolarization in the steady state, as a function of interaction strength and quenched disorder. This reproduces both our numerical data and experimental results. Our central finding is that the nuclear hyperpolarization increases steadily upon reducing the interaction strength (by diluting the radical density). Interestingly, the highest polarization is reached at a point where the establishment of a spin temperature is just about to break down due to the incipient many-body localization transition in the electron spin system., 12 pages (+ 3 pages of appendix), 8 figures
- Published
- 2016
49. AVALANCHE DYNAMICS IN DISORDERED SYSTEMS
- Author
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Alberto Rosso
- Subjects
Physics ,Complex dynamics ,Condensed matter physics ,Magnetic domain ,Creep ,Metastability ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,Zero temperature - Abstract
We describe the complex dynamics of an interface (like a magnetic domain wall) on a disordered landscape. In presence of a small external drive (i.e. an external magnetic filed) the motion of the interface is slow and jerky. Two different regimes can be distinguished: the thermally activated regime where the interface spend most of the time in deep metastable states separated by large barriers (creep regime) and the avalanche regime where motion persists also at zero temperature, but it involves collective re-organizations (depinning). Our results shed light on the interplay between these two regimes and on the avalanche statistics.
- Published
- 2015
50. Correction: Soft modes and strain redistribution in continuous models of amorphous plasticity: the Eshelby paradigm, and beyond?
- Author
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Xiangyu Cao, Alexandre Nicolas, Denny Trimcev, and Alberto Rosso
- Subjects
General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
Correction for ‘Soft modes and strain redistribution in continuous models of amorphous plasticity: the Eshelby paradigm, and beyond?’ by Xiangyu Cao et al., Soft Matter, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02510f.
- Published
- 2018
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