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This article has deconstructed the general phenomenon of gentrification in the historic centre of A Coruña in two models. On the one hand, a model based on social class promotion, symbolic capital and economic status in the Cidade Vella. On the other hand, the neighbourhood of Orzán as a transformation process resulting from a phenomenon of commercial gentrification based on two interrelated processes: first, the demand for new places of consumption and entertainment and second, the material devaluation of the neighbourhood. In this regard, this work brings a new dimension to the global debate around commercial gentrification.

[Resumen] El esfuerzo por cartografiar los límites de las periferias urbanas requiere de una necesaria discusión conceptual previa. El presente texto tiene como objetivo principal plantear, mediante una aproximación histórico-comparativa, una definición lo más precisa de Exurbia, un linde de la ciudad particularmente complejo y poliédrico. Complejo, porque su mapeo debe reflejar una hibridación de usos de suelo urbanos y rurales, así como un enorme abanico de tipologías edificatorias. Poliédrico, porque una correcta caracterización social y económica de las franjas exurbanas de la ciudad, resulta difícil de acotar a través de criterios estadísticos o censales simples. Por tanto, sintetizar las principales aportaciones de la literatura que, desde inicios del siglo XX, tratan de explicar dicha diversidad y multidimensionalidad, supone el segundo objetivo transversal al desarrollo del artículo. [Abstract] The effort to map the boundaries of urban peripheries requires, first and foremost, a discussion of a conceptual framework. By means of a historical-comparative approach, this text aims to offer a more accurate definition of Exurbia, a particularly complex and polyhedral city border. Complex, since its mapping should reflect both a hybridization in the uses of urban and rural land, and a wide range of building typologies. Polyhedral, because a proper social and economic characterization of the city’s exurban fringes proves difficult to delimit by either simple statistical or census criteria. Hence, the second transversal objective of the article is to summarize the main contributions of scholar literature, since the early 20th century, which tried to explain this diversity and multidimensionality of Exurbia.

Este artículo forma parte de la sección monográfica de este número, titulada "Turismo y gentrificación en la ciudad contemporánea" y coordinada por Estefanía Calo, Raimundo Otero y Alberto Rodríguez Barcón (Universidade da Coruña). [Resumen] El presente artículo aborda una revisión de aquellos trabajos relevantes en el análisis de la gentrificación en relación al turismo en el contexto urbano español. De esta manera, se construye un marco analítico global que permite tener una visión de conjunto y una clasificación temática de las investigaciones existentes. Mediante un repaso exhaustivo de la literatura disponible que, focalizada en ciudades españolas, aborde la interacción entre turismo y gentrificación, este trabajo identifica cuatro áreas temáticas principales que incluyen otras cuatro sub-líneas de investigación. Se conecta así el contexto español con el debate global en torno a estos dos fenómenos, desvelando aquellos aspectos que despiertan la preocupación y el interés de los especialistas en el análisis urbano. [Abstract] This article presents a literature review of recent research on tourism-related gentrification in Spanish cities from both a general and a specific thematic perspective. The study identifies four main areas of interest, and four sub-lines of research within them. The analysis examines the Spanish context in relation to the global debate around these two phenomena, highlighting key areas of concern and interest among specialists in urban studies.

This chapter carries out a visual analysis of the different gentrification processes that have been developed in the historic center of A Coruna, a mid-sized city in the Spanish urban system. Thus, we can identify up to three differentiated gentrification processes based on their type of development. Although all of them have common elements, it is possible to isolate the main factors that trigger the phenomenon. Therefore, within the four neighborhoods that constitute the historic center of the city, we can distinguish, firstly, a phenomenon of commercial gentrification in a context of rent gap and reconfiguration of the “brand image” of the neighborhood. Secondly, we can observe a gentrification model linked to a historically degraded area, whose intense current touristification process is associated with a high socioeconomic status. Finally, it is possible to discern a third model of gentrification after a set of interventions by the municipal government in strategic enclaves of the neighborhood and a process of requalification of public space. Results provide a basis for confirming that, even in medium urban contexts such as our case study, it is possible to observe complex and interwoven gentrification models that interact simultaneously as expressions of global urban capital.

Contemporary strategic planning represents a logic of space reproduction based on the promotion of tourism as the cornerstone of cultural and creative economy. However, some grassroots social initiatives aim to build alternative spaces to the economic approach that permeates contemporary urban planning. This article reflects comparatively on the cases of the Metelkova self-organized autonomous zone (Ljubljana, Slovenia) and the STOP Shopping Center (Porto, Portugal). We suggest that both the squatting of military installations (Slovenia), as the strategic reconfiguration of a private commercial building (Portugal), share common aspects that must be addressed under a place-making approach. In doing so, we propose that the cultural activity produced in these places, their socioeconomic influence in the urban environment and their ability to promote tourism has resulted in a brand that allows them to be tolerated by their respective local governments.

Resumen: El articulo propone una revision critica de los principales analisis en torno a la dimension espacial en los cuentos fantasticos de Julio Cortazar hasta la fecha. A partir de este objetivo general, se sugieren dos hipotesis de trabajo. Primero, confirmar aquellas teorias que senalan que el espacio es la estructura vertebral que sostiene su arquitectura fantastica y, segundo, que este espacio interactua de manera interdependiente y dialogica con otros elementos escenicos hasta configurar una compleja urdimbre de simbolos y codigos que posibilitan el transito entre el mundo real y el extraordinario en el imaginario literario cortazariano. Abstract: The article proposes a critical review of the main approaches about the spatial dimension in Julio Cortazar’s fantastic stories to date. From this general objective, two working hypotheses are suggested. First, confirm those theories that indicate that space is the vertebral structure that sustains its fantastic architecture and, second, that this space interacts in an interdependent and dialogical way with other scenic elements until it forms a complex warp of symbols and codes that make possible the transit between the real world and the extraordinary one in the cortazariano literary imaginary.

espanolEn este articulo se analiza la progresiva rehabilitacion y privatizacion de la fachada litoral del centro urbano de A Coruna a partir de la liberalizacion de espacios industriales- portuarios. Este proceso, que abarca desde el ano 2012 hasta la actualidad, ha sido estructurado en tres grandes fases: remodelacion del area de la Marina; privatizacion de los terrenos de “La Solana”-Hotel Finisterre; y, finalmente, privatizacion para usos terciarios y residenciales de los llamados “puertos interiores”. El objetivo principal es articular una reflexion critica en torno a esta profunda transformacion de la ciudad en el marco global del turismo urbano y crucerista, y de rehabilitacion de los puertos historicos y espacios industriales en desuso EnglishThis article analyses the progressive rehabilitation and privatization of the waterfront of the urban center of A Coruna from the liberalization of industrial-port spaces. This process, spanning from 2012 to the present, has been structured in three major phases: remodeling of the Marina area; privatization of the land of “La Solana”-Hotel Finisterre; and finally, privatization of the so-called “interior ports” for tertiary and residential uses. The main objective is to articulate a critical reflection on this profound transformation of the city, in the global framework of urban tourism and rehabilitation of historic ports and industrial spaces in disuse

La cultura y las actividades artisticas se han convertido en un elemento indispensable en el planeamiento urbano y en la regeneracion de areas deprimidas del centro de las ciudades contemporaneas. En el presente articulo analizamos el caso del proyecto cultural de “Las Meninas” en el barrio historico de Canido (municipio de Ferrol). Partiendo de una iniciativa particular y espontanea –la realizacion de murales callejeros con Las Meninas de Velazquez como motivo– se ha articulado un proyecto popular y autonomo que denuncia y pone de relieve areas de Canido deterioradas tras anos de abandono y desinversion. Este proyecto genera en la vecindad implicada, por otra parte, percepciones positivas en materia de revitalizacion social, revalorizacion economica y participacion en el ambito urbano que son retratadas desde un enfoque cuantitativo poco usual en el analisis de acciones culturales de origen no institucional.