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Abstract The lack of representative in vitro models recapitulating human tendon (patho)physiology is among the major factors hindering consistent progress in the knowledge‐based development of adequate therapies for tendinopathy.Here, an organotypic 3D tendon‐on‐chip model is designed that allows studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of its cellular and molecular mechanisms.Combining the synergistic effects of a bioactive hydrogel matrix with the biophysical cues of magnetic microfibers directly aligned on the microfluidic chip, it is possible to recreate the anisotropic architecture, cell patterns, and phenotype of tendon intrinsic (core) compartment. When incorporated with vascular‐like vessels emulating the interface between its intrinsic‐extrinsic compartments, crosstalk with endothelial cells are found to drive stromal tenocytes toward a reparative profile. This platform is further used to study adaptive immune cell responses at the onset of tissue inflammation, focusing on interactions between tendon compartment tenocytes and circulating T cells.The proinflammatory signature resulting from this intra/inter‐cellular communication induces the recruitment of T cells into the inflamed core compartment and confirms the involvement of this cellular crosstalk in positive feedback loops leading to the amplification of tendon inflammation.Overall, the developed 3D tendon‐on‐chip provides a powerful new tool enabling mechanistic studies on the pathogenesis of tendinopathy as well as for assessing new therapies.

Objective: To describe the relationship between bilateral electrical activity in the biceps femoris and the variation of triaxial acceleration in three 50 m sprints. Methods: Biceps femoris muscle activation and acceleration in the anterior–posterior, mediolateral, and superior–inferior axes were measured in three 50 m sprints in nine national-level sprinters. Results: There was significant asymmetry between both legs, and the variations between axes were significant between the anterior–posterior with respect to the lateral and superior–inferior, and between the lateral and superior–inferior (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased biceps femoris activation during running increases speed regardless of asymmetry in force application. In the maintenance of horizontal velocity, acceleration of the anterior–posterior axis is the most relevant and depends on the flexion-extension muscle actions contained in the lateral axis.

Introduction Adverse healthcare-related events (AE) entail reduced patient safety. Estimating their frequency, characteristics, avoidability and impact is a means to identify targets for improvement in the quality of care.Methods This was a descriptive observational study conducted within the Patient Safety Incident Study in Hospitals in the Community of Madrid (ESHMAD). The study was conducted in a high-complexity hospital in May 2019 through a two-phase electronic medical record review: (1) AE screening and epidemiological and clinical data collection and (2) AE review and classification and analysis of their impact, avoidability, and associated costs.Results A total of 636 patients were studied. The prevalence of AE was 12.4%. Death during the stay was associated with the presence of AE (OR [CI95%]: 2.15 [1.07 to 4.52]) versus absence and emergency admission (OR [CI95%]: 17.11[6.63 to 46.26]) versus scheduled. A total of 70.2% of the AEs were avoidable. Avoidable AEs were associated with the presence of pressure ulcers (OR [CI95%]: 2.77 [1.39 to 5.51]), central venous catheter (OR [CI95%]: 2.58 [1.33 to 5.00]) and impaired mobility (OR [CI95%]: 2.24[1.35 to 3.71]), versus absences. They were associated too with the stays in the intensive care unit (OR [CI95%]: 2.75 [1.07 to 7.06]) versus medical service. AEs were responsible for additional costs of €909,716.8 for extra days of stay and €12,461.9 per patient with AE.Conclusions The prevalence of AEs was similar to that found in other studies. AEs led to worse patient outcomes and were associated with the patient’s death. Although avoidable AEs were less severe, their higher frequency produced a greater impact on the patient and healthcare system.Key messagesAdverse events are one of the main problems in healthcare delivery and patients who suffer from at least one AE are double as likely to die during hospitalization.Avoidable adverse events are the most frequent in health care and they are a good target where achieve improvement areas that allow getting optimal patient safety and quality of care levels.Patients hospitalized in the ICU, with the previous presence of pressure ulcers, central venous catheter, or impaired mobility were associated with the development of avoidable AE, so optimal management of these patients would reduce the impact of AE.

Abstract The EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L) is a generic patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) used for evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL). No data on its psychometric properties in COVID-19 survivors is available. We aimed to describe internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and construct validity of the EQ-5D-5L in people with long-COVID. Ninety-three (n = 93) individuals previously hospitalized due to COVID-19 with post-COVID symptoms completed the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire twice one year after hospital discharge in a three-week interval. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha and Omega value), test–retest reliability (kappa and ICC2,1) and construct validity (factor analysis), and floor/ceiling effects were calculated. No ceiling effect was observed in any dimension whereas the floor effect ranged from 53.76 to 94.62%. The overall Cronbach’s α value was 0.75 (95%CI 0.64–0.83) and the Omega ω value was 0.77 (95%CI 0.66–0.84), showing good internal consistency of the questionnaire. Further, Cronbach’s alpha values the of each dimension ranged from 0.63 to 0.77 whereas those for Omega values ranged from 0.70 to 0.79. The test–retest reliability of the total score was excellent (ICC2,1 0.86, 95%CI 0.798–0.911). The agreement percentage ranged from 85.13 to 96.77%; but kappa coefficients ranged from fair (κ: 0.37) to good (κ: 0.61). The factor analysis showed factor loadings from 0.585 to 0.813 supporting good construct validity. The EQ-5D-5L has good psychometric properties to be used as a PROM to assess HRQoL in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID.

Esta investigación buscó caracterizar el saber docente sobre niños y niñas (menores de 6 años) de maestras de jardines infantiles y colegios públicos de Bogotá. El estudio fue de corte constructivo-cualitativo, el análisis de contenido inductivo, y las categorías emergieron de la lectura de los investigadores. El análisis muestra cómo las perspectivas de las maestras tienen estructuras particulares e idiosincráticas pero comparables. Las categorías construidas fueron las siguientes: desde dónde hablan las maestras de los niños y de qué hablan cuando describen a los niños. Los hallazgos y conclusiones muestran la relación entre categorías a partir de los discursos de las maestras, que se estructuran en referencias contextuales, la visión de ser maestra y de ser niño, el reconocimiento de la singularidad de cada niño, la presencia de contenidos, la manera en que ellas cualifican y significan sus descripciones y apreciaciones sobre el ser infantil y cómo proyectan y dan cuenta de vivencias compartidas con los niños.

Summary: Hybrid hydrogels composed of chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Coll) were prepared by polyelectrolyte complex self-assembly. These scaffolds displayed a good intermingling of the polymeric chains, with porosities above 80% and good interconnected structures with pore sizes lying between 30–115 μm. The ionic interactions between CS and HA make the scaffolds have larger storage modulus and longer LVR regions than their pure counterparts. Both quantities progressively decrease as the HA and Coll concentrations in the formulation rise. These hybrid hydrogels showed good swelling extents from ca. 420 to ca. 690% and suitable resistance to enzymatic degradation, which was slightly lower for scaffolds containing CS to larger extents or Coll in the formulation. All scaffolds were largely cytocompatible and allowed the proliferation of both mouse fibroblast and human keratinocytes with their infiltration inside, thus becoming optimal matrices for intended tissue engineering applications as well as transdermal drug delivery depots.

Abstract Background Literature addressing the mechanical properties of kinesiology tape is quite scarce. There are no studies which focus on the mechanical characteristics of kinesiology tape, its mechanical properties, nor its adherence following the ISO international standard test methods for tape elongation. Methods This study quantified the mechanical characteristics of 380 samples of kinesiology tape from 19 different brands and in 4 different colors using a dynamometer. Mechanical testing was controlled by UNE EN ISO 13934-1. Results Significant differences were found between tape brands in terms of grammage, maximum force tenacity, work, pre-elongation and percentage elongation (P

Atherosclerosis is an underlying risk factor in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The combination of drugs with microRNAs (miRNA) inside a single nanocarrier has emerged as a promising anti-atherosclerosis strategy to achieve the exploitation of their complementary mechanisms of action to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects while avoiding some of the drawbacks associated with current systemic statin therapies. We report the development of nanometer-sized polymeric PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) capable of simultaneously encapsulating and delivering miRNA-124a and the statin atorvastatin (ATOR). The polymeric NPs were functionalized with an antibody able to bind to the vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) overexpressed in the inflamed arterial endothelium. The dual-loaded NPs were non-toxic to cells in a large range of concentrations, successfully attached overexpressed VCAM receptors and released the cargoes in a sustainable manner inside cells. The combination of both ATOR and miRNA drastically reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated macrophages and vessel endothelial cells. In addition, dual-loaded NPs precluded the accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LdL) inside macrophages as well as morphology changes to a greater extent than in single-loaded NPs. The reported findings validate the present NPs as suitable delivery vectors capable of simultaneously targeting inflamed cells in atherosclerosis and providing an efficient approach to combination nanomedicines.

Las relaciones sociales son de vital importancia para el correcto desarrollo de los seres humanos, y junto con la actividad física, la obesidad y la autoestima forman un conjunto de factores que pueden ser capaces de retroalimentarse entre sí, pero que hasta donde los autores saben, solo se han analizado por separado. Por tanto, el principal objetivo de estudio será realizar un análisis multifactorial que incluya todas las variables anteriormente mencionadas. Un total de 60 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 13 años formaron la muestra de este estudio. Los instrumentos utilizados para las mediciones de las diferentes variables de estudio fueron el PAQ-C, la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y una adaptación del Bull-S Test. Una vez recogidos todos los datos se realizó un análisis con Self-Organizing Maps mediante el software Matlab R2008a y la SOM toolbox para Matlab. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo muestran la repercusión del Índice de Masa Corporal sobre los niveles de autoestima y las relaciones sociales, y la posible retroalimentación mutua entre estos dos últimos factores. Abstract. Social relationships are vital for the proper development of humans, and along with physical activity, obesity, and self-esteem, they form a set of factors that may be able to feed each other; however, as far as the authors know, they have only been analyzed separately. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to carry out a multifactorial analysis that includes all the aforementioned variables. A total of 60 children between 7 and 13 years of age formed the sample of this study. The instruments used for the measurements of the different study variables were the PAQ-C, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and an adaptation of the Bull-S Test. Once all the data was collected, an analysis with Self-Organizing Maps was made, using the Matlab R2008a software and the SOM toolbox for Matlab. The results obtained in this work show the repercussion of Body Mass Index on the levels of self-esteem and social relations, and the possible mutual feedback between the last two factors.

In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, hydrogels are used as biomaterials to support cell attachment and promote tissue regeneration due to their unique biomimetic characteristics. The use of natural-origin materials significantly influenced the origin and progress of the field due to their ability to mimic the native tissues’ extracellular matrix and biocompatibility. However, the majority of these natural materials failed to provide satisfactory cues to guide cell differentiation toward the formation of new tissues. In addition, the integration of technological advances, such as 3D printing, microfluidics and nanotechnology, in tissue engineering has obsoleted the first generation of natural-origin hydrogels. During the last decade, a new generation of hydrogels has emerged to meet the specific tissue necessities, to be used with state-of-the-art techniques and to capitalize the intrinsic characteristics of natural-based materials. In this review, we briefly examine important hydrogel crosslinking mechanisms. Then, the latest developments in engineering natural-based hydrogels are investigated and major applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Finally, the current limitations, future challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed to encourage realistic developments for the clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies.

Scientific production has increased exponentially in recent years. It is necessary to find methodological strategies for understanding holistic or macro views of the major research trends developed in specific fields. Data mining is a useful technique to address this task. In particular, our study presents a global analysis of the information generated during last decades in the Sport Sciences Category (SSC) included in the Web of Science database. An analysis of the frequency of appearance and the dynamics of the Author Keywords (AKs) has been made for the last thirty years. Likewise, the network of co-occurrences established between words and the survival time of new words that have appeared since 2001 has also been analysed. One of the main findings of our research is the identification of six large thematic clusters in the SSC. There are also two major terms that coexist ('REHABILITATION' and 'EXERCISE') and show a high frequency of appearance, as well as a key behaviour in the calculated co-occurrence networks. Another significant finding is that AKs are mostly accepted in the SSC since there has been high percentage of new terms during 2001-2006, although they have a low survival period. These results support a multidisciplinary perspective within the Sport Sciences field of study and a colonization of the field by rehabilitation according to our AK analysis.

La realización de un Proyecto de Investigación sobre la Educación Ambiental en Iberoamérica exige un análisis previo de la situación actual de la Educación Ambiental en estos países, centrada en el nivel medio de enseñanza, aunque en determinados momentos aflore la presencia de la Educación Ambiental en otros niveles y en la Educación no formal. El estado general de la cuestión se analiza a través de las encuestas enviadas a los respectivos Ministerios de Educación; como complemento a las respuestas obtenidas se ha contado con informes nacionales remitidos desde los distintos países que se han incorporado a los anexos de este trabajo.

Introduction: cancer and its treatments have been associated with poor nutritional status in children and adolescents. Objective: to establish the nutritional risk of pediatric patients and the degree of food and nutritional insecurity in the homes of children and adolescents with cancer who have been hospitalized in a high complexity pediatric oncology center. Methods: a prospective observational study conducted at the Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia - HOMI. It included a sample of 41 children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years and 11 months with a diagnosis of childhood cancer during the study period. The participants recruited during hospitalization had the application of the SCAN nutritional screening tool for childhood cancer, Spanish version, validated in HOMI and the Latin American and Caribbean Scale of Food and Nutritional Security - ELCSA, adapted and validated in Colombia. Results: 76 % (n = 31) of the patients were classified as "At risk of malnutrition" using the SCAN-SP nutritional screening tool. It was observed that 56 % of all households had a proportion of food insecurity, of which the classification of food insecurity was mild in 29 %, moderate in 20 % and severe in 7 % of households with children under 18 years of age. Conclusion: in the framework of the nutritional care process, it is important to take into account factors that include a complete nutritional risk assessment and evaluation that includes the measurement of food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]