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A adubação verde é uma prática agrícola milenar com fins de aumentar a capacidade produtiva do solo, recuperando naturalmente solos pobres e conservar aqueles que já são produtivos, consistindo no cultivo de plantas, em rotação/sucessão/consorciação com as culturas. O objetivo foi avaliar o aporte de nutrientes, alterações na fertilidade do solo e redução de custo com aquisição de adubos químicos pelo coquetel de adubos verdes. O experimento foi conduzido em Petrolina- PE, utilizando um coquetel de cinco espécies de adubos verdes, em uma área de 1.6 ha. Ao atingir o florescimento da maioria das espécies foi realizada a roçagem mecanizada, amostras foram coletadas para quantificação de matéria fresca (MF) e matéria seca (MS), além de teor de nutrientes na MS, amostras de solo foram coletadas antes e após incorporação da biomassa, na profundidade de 0-20cm do solo, para análise de Fósforo (P), Matéria orgânica (MO), Potássio (K+), Cálcio (Ca2+), Magnésio (Mg2+). Foi quantificada a entrada de nutrientes (N, P e K) dos fertilizantes verdes e calculado o equivalente dos fertilizantes químicos necessários para fornecer a mesma quantidade desses nutrientes. O uso de coquetéis aumentou os teores de MO, P, K, Ca2+ e Mg2+ no solo. O aporte de nutrientes (N, P e K) representou R $ 7.079,00 quando equivalentes aos fertilizantes comerciais (Uréia, Super Simples e Cloreto de Potássio). A economia com esses 3 nutrientes representou 5 vezes a mais o custo para implantação e manejo do coquetel.

Hybridization has the potential to generate or homogenize biodiversity and is a particularly common phenomenon in plants, with an estimated 25% of species undergoing inter-specific gene flow. However, hybridization in Amazonia’s megadiverse tree flora was assumed to be extremely rare despite extensive sympatry between closely related species, and its role in diversification remains enigmatic because it has not yet been examined empirically. Using members of a dominant Amazonian tree family (Brownea, Fabaceae) as a model to address this knowledge gap, our study recovered extensive evidence of hybridization among multiple lineages across phylogenetic scales. More specifically, our results uncovered several historical introgression events betweenBrownealineages and indicated that gene tree incongruence inBrowneais best explained by introgression, rather than solely by incomplete lineage sorting. Furthermore, investigation of recent hybridization using ∼19,000 ddRAD loci recovered a high degree of shared variation between twoBrowneaspecies which co-occur in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Our analyses also showed that these sympatric lineages exhibit homogeneous rates of introgression among loci relative to the genome-wide average, implying a lack of selection against hybrid genotypes and a persistence of hybridization over time. Our results demonstrate that gene flow between multiple Amazonian tree species has occurred across temporal scales, and contrasts with the prevailing view of hybridization’s rarity in Amazonia. Overall, our results provide novel evidence that reticulate evolution influenced diversification in part of the Amazonian tree flora, which is the most diverse on Earth.

The improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and the concern related to the increased cancer risk in patients with lymphoma, also due to radiation exposure associated with imaging examinations, have led to the introduction of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) as a radiation-free alternative to standard imaging procedures. WB-MRI seems a less histology-dependent functional imaging test than 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT (18 F-FDG-PET/CT). In patients with FDG-avid lymphomas, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 18 F-FDG-PET/CT remains the imaging reference standard for staging, with WB-MRI potentially being a complementary modality that could replace CT, especially in young patients. On the other hand, WB-MRI is a valuable imaging procedure for lymphoma surveillance and in lymphomas with variable/low FDG avidity and nonfollicular indolent lymphomas. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current state of the art of WB-MRI in lymphoma by evaluating its diagnostic performance in different lymphoma subtypes: Hodgkin, aggressive, and indolent lymphomas.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and apparent kurtosis coefficient (Kapp) for the characterization of prostate lesions on 1.5T MRI. This retrospective study included 34 patients with at least one lesion with PI-RADS score≥ 3. Performances of ADC and Kapp were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC). Lesions with Gleason score≥6 had significantly lower Kapp compared to benign lesions (p=0.025). The ADC-ratio was the only significantly different parameter between GS≥7 and GS=6 lesions (p=0.039). Kapp showed the largest AUROC for the diagnosis of GS≥6 prostate cancers (AUROC: 0.741, p=0.025), while the largest AUROC for the diagnosis of GS≥7 prostate cancers was achieved by the ADC-ratio (AUROC: 0.709, p=0.039). While Kapp demonstrated no significant benefit in characterization of prostate cancers compared to ADC, it could be helpful to distinguish benign lesions from prostate cancers.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. Bibliografia: f. 92-95 A tecnologia ocupa um espaço considerável na vida de todos e, portanto, a preservação das relações virtuais, produção de novas tecnologias e softwares, trazendo incentivo à pesquisa, investimentos financeiros, segurança jurídica e possibilidades de estímulo para novos trabalhos científicos, torna-se uma necessidade para o desenvolvimento. O Direito Autoral tem papel importante nesse desenvolvimento, ao mesmo tempo que precisa garantir a função social com o acesso à informação, desenvolvimento da educação, ciência e tecnologia. A busca do equilíbrio entre a proteção daquilo que foi criado precisa ser conjugada com o acesso à informação e à cultura, relativizando os direitos de autor em nome da dignidade da pessoa humana e aplicação da constituição. Sendo assim, permitindo o desenvolvimento a partir daquilo que já foi criado. A livre iniciativa propicia diversos benefícios para toda a população, visto que se permitiu que vários cidadãos tivessem acesso a conteúdos e ferramentas antes não disponíveis de forma tão facilitada. Uma proteção exagerada, tanto do software quanto das outras criações do espírito, será obstáculo na evolução tecnológica, beneficiando apenas à minoria de empresas e criadores. Apesar dessa relação paradoxal, a liberdade de criação a partir de ideias já existentes traz o desenvolvimento da sociedade e continuará beneficiando grandes empresários e o ?pequeno criador?. Nesse caso, a Lei do Direito Autoral (9.619/98), que protege a propriedade intelectual, ramo do Direito que estuda os direitos exclusivos dos autores e inventores sobre suas obras, invenções ou descobrimentos, já possui mecanismos suficientes que permitem certa proteção ao criador e suas obras. Ela deve ser analisada em conjunto com a Constituição, Lei do Marco Civil da Internet (Lei 12.965/14) e com o Código Civil, de modo a permitir uma extensão desses direitos também ao usuário e a sua função social. O estudo aqui proposto analisa o atual modelo de registro dos softwares, a segurança jurídica que existe nesse ramo de atuação, a função social do software como mecanismo de distribuição de conhecimento. No entanto, enaltece a necessidade de que haja mudanças de paradigma legislativo para permitir que os novos ramos de tecnologia possam ajudar na difusão do conhecimento e desenvolvimento dos povos, sem desamparar o autor da obra, no caso de exploração com fins econômicos. Palavras-chave: Direito autoral. Software. Lei do Software. Proteção à ideia. Função social da invenção. Difusão da informação. Desenvolvimento da tecnologia. Technology occupies a considerable space in everyone's life, therefore, the preservation of virtual relations, production of new technologies and software, bringing incentive to research, financial investments, legal certainty and possibilities of stimuli for new scientific work, becomes a necessity for development. Copyright plays an important role in this development, while ensuring social function with access to information, education development, science and technology. The search for balance between the protection of what has been created needs to be combined with access to information and culture, relativising copyright in the name of human dignity and application of the constitution, allowing the development from what has already been created. Free enterprise provides many benefits for the entire population, as it has allowed many citizens to have access to content and tools previously not readily available. Exaggerated protection of both software and other spirit creations will be an obstacle to technological evolution, benefiting only the minority of companies and creators. Although paradoxical, the freedom of creation from existing ideas, brings the development of society and will continue to benefit large entrepreneurs and the "small creator". In this case, the Copyright Law (9.619 / 98), which protects intellectual property, a branch of law that studies the exclusive rights of authors and inventors over their works, inventions or discoveries, already has enough mechanisms that allow a certain protection of the intellectual property, creator and his works, and should be analysed in conjunction with the Constitution, the Internet Marco Civil Law (Law 12.965 / 14) and the Civil Code, to allow an extension of these rights also to the user and his social function. The study proposed here aims to analyse the current software registration model, the legal certainty that exists in this area of activity, the social function of the software as a mechanism for knowledge distribution, but it emphasises the need for legislative paradigm changes to allow that new branches of technology can help the spread of the knowledge and development of peoples without abandoning the author of the work in the case of exploitation for economic purposes. Keywords: Copyright. Software. Software Law. Idea Protection. Social function of the invention. Dissemination of information. Technology development.

To date, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is included in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for several cancers. The real additive role of DWI lies in the “functional” information obtained by probing the free diffusivity of water molecules into intra and inter-cellular spaces that in tumors mainly depend on cellularity. Although DWI has not gained much space in some oncologic scenarios, this non-invasive tool is routinely used in clinical practice and still remains a hot research topic: it has been tested in almost all cancers to differentiate malignant from benign lesions, to distinguish different malignant histotypes or tumor grades, to predict and/or assess treatment responses, and to identify residual or recurrent tumors in follow-up examinations. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview on the application of DWI in oncology.

Hybridization has the potential to generate or homogenize biodiversity and is a particularly common phenomenon in plants, with an estimated 25% of species undergoing inter-specific gene flow. However, hybridization has rarely been demonstrated among tree species in Amazonia, the world’s largest rainforest, and its role in diversification remains enigmatic. We show that within Brownea , a characteristic tree genus of Amazonia, there is extensive evidence of hybridization. Using both phylogenomic and population genomic approaches we find multiple historical hybridization events within Brownea , along with contemporary hybridization among co-occurring species. Finally, we infer homogeneous rates of gene flow among different genomic loci, indicating a lack of selection against hybrids, reflecting their persistence over time. These results demonstrate that gene flow between Amazonian tree species has occurred across temporal scales, which contrasts with previous work on Amazonian trees, and may have contributed to the evolution of the most diverse tree flora on Earth.

Behçet’s disease is a chronic and multisystemic inflammatory vascular disease of unknown etiology, affecting vessels of all kinds and sizes. The involvement of the vascular system is observed in approximately 5-30% of patients. The most frequent vascular manifestations are venous thrombosis followed by arterial aneurysms and arterial thrombosis. The identification of vascular involvement is very important for prognosis, indeed the rupture of an arterial aneurysm represents the leading cause of sudden death in patients with Behçet’s disease. Computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the identification and in the follow-up of vascular involvement. In this paper, we report the case of a 42-year-old woman with Behçet’s disease, admitted to our emergency department for hemoptysis, showing pulmonary and visceral artery aneurysms identified at CT examination. A particular “string of beads” appearance of pulmonary arteries is described. We report, also, follow-up CT examination after medical therapy showing pulmonary artery aneurysms reduction and visceral artery aneurysms stability.

Purpose To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine for the diagnosis of hepatic hemangiomas. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we included 26 hemangiomas (mean size was 14 mm ± 10 mm) in 19 patients (mean age 60 ± 14 years) scanned with both gadobenate dimeglumine MRI and gadoxetic acid MRI. For each patient, we collected multiple lesion variables including location, number, size and enhancement pattern on arterial, portal venous, 3-minute and hepatobiliary phases with both gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine. The enhancement pattern with the two contrast agents was then compared. Results The typical enhancement pattern of hepatic hemangiomas was more common—though not statistically significant—with gadobenate dimeglumine compared to gadoxetic acid (57% [15 of 26] vs 42% [11 of 26], respectively; P = 0.4057 for both peripheral globular discontinuous enhancement in the arterial phase and centripetal fill-in in the portal venous phase). A significantly higher number of hemangiomas showed centripetal fill-in or hyperintensity in the 3-minute phase with gadobenate dimeglumine compared to gadoxetic acid (88% [23 of 26) vs 58% [15 of 26]; P = 0.0266). A pseudo washout sign in the 3-minute phase was detected in one of the 5 flash-filling hemangiomas with gadoxetic acid, but not gadobenate dimeglumine. All hemangiomas were hypointense in the hepatobiliary phase with both gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetic acid. Conclusions The enhancement pattern of hepatic hemangiomas may vary depending on the hepatobiliary agent, with more frequent lack of the typical pattern with gadoxetic acid compared to gadobenate dimeglumine.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate if normal and pathological prostate tissue can be distinguished by using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to understand if it is possible to differentiate among pathological prostate tissues using ADC values.METHODS:Our population consisted in 81 patients (mean age 65.4 years) in which 84 suspicious areas were identified. Regions of interest were placed over suspicious areas, detected on MRI, and over areas with normal appearance, and ADC values were recorded. Statistical differences between ADC values of suspicious and normal areas were evaluated. Histopathological diagnosis, obtained from targeted biopsy using MRI-US fusion biopsies in 39 patients and from prostatectomy in 42 patients, were correlated to ADC values.RESULTS: Histopathological diagnosis revealed 58 cases of prostate cancer (PCa), 19 patients with indolent PCa (Gleason Score ≤6) and 39 patients with clinically significant PCa (Gleason Score ≥7), 16 of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and 10 of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). Significant statistical differences between mean ADC values of normal prostate tissue versus PCa (P

Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital, non-hereditary lesions of the lung, cystic and non-cystic type with clear developmental anomalies and evident malformative changes, which derive from the excessive proliferation of the tubular bronchial structures. We described two rare cases of type IV CPAM detected in adult patients with different clinical presentation: one of these cases was symptomatic, complaining of cough and hemoptysis. Conversely, the other case was reported as incidental findings in patient with abdominal pain without respiratory symptoms. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan was performed showing voluminous cystic formations with fibrotic septa within the lesions in both patients. The patient with hemoptysis was subjected to video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, while the other one was hospitalized to perform biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of CPAM. All patients were advised to follow-up. The incidence of type IV CPAM in adult patients is probably underestimated; the knowledge of the CT features of CPAM is crucial for a correct diagnosis and an appropriate management of asymptomatic patients, which may be conservative.

The widespread use of abdominal imaging techniques has increased the detection of solid renal masses over the past years. Imaging plays a crucial role in the management and surveillance and in determining which lesions need treatment. The "classical angiomyolipoma" is the only benign solid renal mass that can be characterized with confidence by imaging through the detection of a fat-containing lesion without calcifications. There is a large overlap of imaging features between benign and malignant renal masses that often makes difficult a correct characterization of these lesions. In this review, we discuss the imaging features of the main solid renal masses that may suggest a likely benign diagnosis.

We found several specimens of Tropidia connata, a mycoheterotrophic orchid from Borneo, with features which have never been described in any of the existing literature, namely subterranean tubers. We mainly focus on the importance of the subterranean structures in comparison with the mycoheterotrophic genus Kalimantanorchis from the tribe Tropidieae. This finding of the tuberous structure gives a new insight into the classification of mycoheterotrohic species of Tropidieae and might affect the generic placement of Kalimantanorchis. We made a detailed study on the newly discovered specimens as well as the type, and found more diagnostic characters of T. connata than the previous description. Considering that the type specimen lacks the whole tuberous character, we consequently designate an epitype with a drawing and emend the description.

O trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa de mercado para uma empresa atuante no comércio alimentício com fabricação e comercialização de bolos caseiros, visando ser reconhecida no segmento alimentício e atender as necessidades dos clientes. A empresa irá comercializar produtos de qualidade que seja acessível para todos os públicos. A partir dessa ideia, a empresa tem como diferencial um espaço Gourmet que proporcionará aos clientes um ambiente diferenciado onde poderão degustar a variedade de produtos. Com o método da pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, usada para mapear a região de estudo, percebeu-se que as pessoas se interessariam pelos produtos e pelo ambiente diferenciado apresentado.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a diabetic complication due to peripheral vasculopathy and neuropathy. A promising technology for wound healing in DFU is low-level light therapy (LLLT). Despite several studies showing positive effects of LLLT on DFU, LLLT’s physiological effects have not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate vascular and nervous systems modification in DFU after LLLT. Two samples of 45 DFU patients and 11 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The total hemoglobin (totHb) concentration change was monitored before and after LLLT by near-infrared spectroscopy and analyzed in time and frequency domains. The spectral power of the totHb changes in the very-low frequency (VLF, 20 to 60 mHz) and low frequency (LF, 60 to 140 mHz) bandwidths was calculated. Data analysis revealed a mean increase of totHb concentration after LLLT in DFU patients, but not in HC. VLF/LF ratio decreased significantly after the LLLT period in DFU patients (indicating an increased activity of the autonomic nervous system), but not in HC. Eventually, different treatment intensities in LLLT therapy showed a different response in DFU. Overall, our results demonstrate that LLLT improves blood flow and autonomic nervous system regulation in DFU and the importance of light intensity in therapeutic protocols.

Background Even if hyperglycaemia is often identified as an independent risk factor for developing respiratory tract infection, only few studies have investigated this relationship. The aim of this study is to investigate if plasma glucose on admission is related with in-hospital mortality among patients with pneumonia and to identify the glycaemic range with significant reductions of mortality risks in non-intensive care patients. Methods Data come from administrative records of 1018 non-intensive care patients hospitalised with diagnosis of pneumonia. For every patient, administrative records were linked with the plasma glucose. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed in order to evaluate the associations between in-hospital mortality and a set of demographic and clinical variables. Plasma glucose was added to the model as restricted cubic spline; risk estimates for hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic patients have been derived on the basis of this nonlinear model and presented with two values of odds ratio (OR). Results The minimal risk of in-hospital mortality was found at plasma glucose levels of mean 86 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) 61–102]. The adjusted OR of deaths for plasma glucose on admission for hypoglycaemic patients (below 86 mg/dL) is 0.78 (95% CI 0.62–0.98) for each 10 mg/dL of decrease, whereas for hyperglycaemic patients (above 86 mg/dL), the OR is 1.33 (95% CI 1.07–1.66) for each 10 mg/dL of increase in plasma glucose. Conclusions Our observations suggest that in non-intensive care patients, hypoglycaemia, as hyperglycaemia, is associated with in-hospital mortality.

Objetivo: Determinar las características de los Conductores de Vehículos menores de la ciudad de Huacho. Métodos: Se utilizó el método deductivo e inductivo. Se utilizó el modelo del diseño de investigación descriptivo comparativo. La población del estudio fue de 3050 personas conductores de vehículos menores, del que se obtuvo un tamaño de muestra final de 307 personas. Resultados: Se encontró que los conductores de vehículos menores tienen niveles intermedios de sus capacidades en cuanto a sus conocimientos teóricos, habilidades y destrezas, y actitudes y valores. La evaluación de la variable según la Escala de Likert nos proporciono un valor de 65,89% ó 3,29 puntos, que se ubica en el intervalo de Regular y Bueno, cercano a Regular, confirmándose así los resultados iniciales. Estos resultados nos explica el grado de cultura que tienen los conductores de mototaxis. Conclusiones: Las personas que conducen vehículos menores en la ciudad de Huacho tienen niveles intermedios de sus capacidades, estos son: Conocimientos Teóricos de Transito, Habilidades y Destrezas, y Actitudes y Valores. Estos resultados nos revelan una cruda realidad del mototaxista, sus capacidades limitadas afectan su desenvolvimiento como conductores, esta situación los conllevan a coexistir en medio de la informalidad, donde reina el desorden, el caos y contribuyen indirectamente al crecimiento de la inseguridad ciudadana. Palabras clave: Conocimientos teóricos, habilidades, destrezas, actitudes y valores.

Even if hyperglycaemia is often identified as an independent risk factor for developing respiratory tract infection, only few studies have investigated this relationship. The aim of this study is to investigate if plasma glucose on admission is related with in-hospital mortality among patients with pneumonia and to identify the glycaemic range with significant reductions of mortality risks in non-intensive care patients.Data come from administrative records of 1018 non-intensive care patients hospitalised with diagnosis of pneumonia. For every patient, administrative records were linked with the plasma glucose. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed in order to evaluate the associations between in-hospital mortality and a set of demographic and clinical variables. Plasma glucose was added to the model as restricted cubic spline; risk estimates for hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic patients have been derived on the basis of this nonlinear model and presented with two values of odds ratio (OR).The minimal risk of in-hospital mortality was found at plasma glucose levels of mean 86 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) 61-102]. The adjusted OR of deaths for plasma glucose on admission for hypoglycaemic patients (below 86 mg/dL) is 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) for each 10 mg/dL of decrease, whereas for hyperglycaemic patients (above 86 mg/dL), the OR is 1.33 (95% CI 1.07-1.66) for each 10 mg/dL of increase in plasma glucose.Our observations suggest that in non-intensive care patients, hypoglycaemia, as hyperglycaemia, is associated with in-hospital mortality.

A description of Virgin Islands climatic conditions and desalination history are presented. Installation of IDE multi-effect plants by the Water and Power Authority solved previous problems, and the plants are operating above rated capacity. The tubes are made of aluminium alloy and acid cleaning is required only after 8 years of continuous use.