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6. Detectors and cultural heritage: The INFN-CHNet experience

Author

Giuntini, L, Castelli, L, Massi, M, Fedi, M, Czelusniak, C, Gelli, N, Liccioli, L, Giambi, F, Ruberto, C, Mazzinghi, A, Barone, S, Marchegiani, F, Nisi, S, Lubritto, C, Altieri, S, Tortora, L, Branchini, P, Fabbri, A, Graziani, V, Lins, S, Guidorzi, L, Giudice, A, Re, A, Sottili, L, Balerna, A, Guidi, M, Pronti, L, Romani, M, Albertin, F, Bettuzzi, M, Brancaccio, R, Morigi, M, Alloni, D, Salvini, A, Smilgys, B, Prata, M, Bonesini, M, Di Martino, D, Clemenza, M, Carpinelli, M, Oliva, P, Sipala, V, Gueli, A, Pasquale, S, Stella, G, Pepponi, G, Grazzi, F, Taccetti, F, Giuntini L., Castelli L., Massi M., Fedi M., Czelusniak C., Gelli N., Liccioli L., Giambi F., Ruberto C., Mazzinghi A., Barone S., Marchegiani F., Nisi S., Lubritto C., Altieri S., Tortora L., Branchini P., Fabbri A., Graziani V., Lins S. B., Guidorzi L., Giudice A. L., Re A., Sottili L., Balerna A., Guidi M. C., Pronti L., Romani M., Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Morigi M. P., Alloni D., Salvini A., Smilgys B., Prata M., Bonesini M., Di Martino D., Clemenza M., Carpinelli M., Oliva P., Sipala V., Gueli A. M., Pasquale S., Stella G., Pepponi G., Grazzi F., Taccetti F., Giuntini, L, Castelli, L, Massi, M, Fedi, M, Czelusniak, C, Gelli, N, Liccioli, L, Giambi, F, Ruberto, C, Mazzinghi, A, Barone, S, Marchegiani, F, Nisi, S, Lubritto, C, Altieri, S, Tortora, L, Branchini, P, Fabbri, A, Graziani, V, Lins, S, Guidorzi, L, Giudice, A, Re, A, Sottili, L, Balerna, A, Guidi, M, Pronti, L, Romani, M, Albertin, F, Bettuzzi, M, Brancaccio, R, Morigi, M, Alloni, D, Salvini, A, Smilgys, B, Prata, M, Bonesini, M, Di Martino, D, Clemenza, M, Carpinelli, M, Oliva, P, Sipala, V, Gueli, A, Pasquale, S, Stella, G, Pepponi, G, Grazzi, F, Taccetti, F, Giuntini L., Castelli L., Massi M., Fedi M., Czelusniak C., Gelli N., Liccioli L., Giambi F., Ruberto C., Mazzinghi A., Barone S., Marchegiani F., Nisi S., Lubritto C., Altieri S., Tortora L., Branchini P., Fabbri A., Graziani V., Lins S. B., Guidorzi L., Giudice A. L., Re A., Sottili L., Balerna A., Guidi M. C., Pronti L., Romani M., Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Morigi M. P., Alloni D., Salvini A., Smilgys B., Prata M., Bonesini M., Di Martino D., Clemenza M., Carpinelli M., Oliva P., Sipala V., Gueli A. M., Pasquale S., Stella G., Pepponi G., Grazzi F., and Taccetti F.

Abstract

Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This process results in both optimized traditional state-of-the-art and highly innovative detection setups for spectrometric techniques. Examples of the former are X-rays, gamma-rays, visible-light and particles spectrometers tailored for CH applications, with optimized performances, reliability, weight, transportability, cost, absorbed power, and complementarity with other techniques. Regarding the latter, examples are ARDESIA, the array of detectors at the DAFNE-Light facility, the MAXRS detection setup at the Riken-RAL muon beamline and the imaging facilities at the LENA Laboratory. Paths for next-generation instruments have been suggested, as in the case of the X-ray Superconductive Detectors and X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers, allowing astonishing improvement in energy resolution. Many issues in CH can now be addressed thanks to scientific techniques exploiting the existing detectors, while many others are still to be addressed and require the development of new approaches and detectors.

Published
2021

8. Characterization of a neutron imaging setup at the INES facility

Author

Durisi, E.A., Visca, L., Albertin, F., Brancaccio, R., Corsi, J., Dughera, G., Ferrarese, W., Giovagnoli, A., Grassi, N., Grazzi, F., Lo Giudice, A., Mila, G., Nervo, M., Pastrone, N., Prino, F., Ramello, L., Re, A., Romero, A., Sacchi, R., Salvemini, F., Scherillo, A., and Staiano, A.

Published
2013
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10. 3D Volumetric Tomography as an innovative bridge between medicine, diagnostic, scientific and industrial research

Author

Leonardi L., Sequi E., Mancini C., Morigi M. P., Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio Rosa, and Leonardi L., Sequi E., Mancini C., Morigi M.P., Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio Rosa

Subjects
La tomografia volumetrica 3D a raggi X può rappresentare un ponte di collegamento tra la ricerca scientifica, quella industriale, la medicina e la diagnostica. Alcune innovative tecnniche di diagnostica, sviluppate dai ricercatori del DIFA, dello SMA e del Dibinem dell’Università di Bologna in collaborazione con il Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi di Bologna sono illustrate nel poster. Per incrementare l’effetto di integrazione delle informazioni scientifiche acquisite, le immagini tomografiche 3D, trasformate ed elaborate come immagini raw, sono state mostrate in visualizzazioni 4D tramite innovative apparecchiature che generano ologrammi virtuali. Queste apparecchiature sono in grado di visualizzare, ruotare, disintegraere e riassemblare le immagini 3D prodotte riproducendole in filmati olografico-virtuali. Lo studio di fattibilità estendibile alle immagini di tomografia medica è stato effettuato su pregevoli cere anatomiche realizzate da cerolasti bolognesi del 18° e 19° secolo
Published
2018

11. X‐Ray Reading of Large‐size Unopened Ancient Manuscripts

Author

Albertin, F., Peccenini, E., Patera, A., Jerjen, I., Hartmann, S., Kaufmann, R., BETTUZZI, MATTEO, BRANCACCIO, ROSA, MORIGI, MARIA PIA, Albertin, F., Peccenini, E., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Morigi, M. P., Patera, A., Jerjen, I., Hartmann, S., and Kaufmann, R.

Subjects
X-ray, ancient manuscripts, micro-CT
Published
2016

13. Tomography reads inside ancient books

Author

Albertin, F., Peccenini, E., Margaritondo, G., BETTUZZI, MATTEO, BRANCACCIO, ROSA, MORIGI, MARIA PIA, CASALI, FRANCO, Albertin, F., Peccenini, E., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Morigi, M.P., Casali, F ., and Margaritondo, G.

Subjects
X-ray, manuscript, digitization, ancient ink, tomography, iron gall
Published
2016

15. X-ray radiography and tomography of large artworks: a new diagnostic apparatus for the conservation of Cultural Heritage

Author

Re, Alessandro, Albertin, F., Avataneo, C., Brancaccio, R., Buscaglia, P., Cardinali, M., Corsi, Jacopo, Cotto, Giorgio, De Blasi, S., Del Greco, F., Demmelbauer, M., Dughera, G., Durisi, Elisabetta Alessandra, Ferrarese, Walter, Giovagnoli, A., Grassi, N., LO GIUDICE, Alessandro, Martini, M., Mereu, P., Mila, Giorgia, Nervo, M., Pastrone, N., Prino, F., Ramello, L., Ravera, M., Ricci, C., Romero, Alessandra, Sacchi, Roberto, Staiano, A., Visca, Lorenzo, and Zamprotta, Lorenzo

Published
2014

18. A new digital radiography system for canvas paintings: a case study from Racconigi Castle

Author

Albertin, F., Brancaccio, R., Buscaglia, P., Corsi, Jacopo, Cotto, Giorgio, Dughera, G., Durisi, Elisabetta Alessandra, Ferrarese, Walter, Giovagnoli, A., Grassi, N., LO GIUDICE, Alessandro, Mereu, P., Mila, Giorgia, Nervo, M., Pastrone, N., Re, Alessandro, Romero, Alessandra, Sacchi, Roberto, Staiano, A., Visca, Lorenzo, and Zamprotta, Lorenzo

Published
2012

19. Tomografia di un arredo ligneo di grandi dimensioni: il 'Doppio Corpo' di Pietro Piffetti

Author

Albertin, F., Avataneo, C., Brancaccio, R., Corsi, Jacopo, Cotto, Giorgio, Dughera, G., Durisi, Elisabetta Alessandra, Ferrarese, Walter, Giovagnoli, A., Grassi, N., LO GIUDICE, Alessandro, Mereu, P., Mila, Giorgia, Nervo, M., Pastrone, N., Ravera, M., Re, Alessandro, Ricci, C., Romero, Alessandra, Sacchi, Roberto, Staiano, A., Visca, Lorenzo, and Zamprotta, Lorenzo

Published
2012

23. Results of the Italian neu_ART project

Author

Re, A, primary, Albertin, F, additional, Bortolin, C, additional, Brancaccio, R, additional, Buscaglia, P, additional, Corsi, J, additional, Cotto, G, additional, Dughera, G, additional, Durisi, E, additional, Ferrarese, W, additional, Gambaccini, M, additional, Giovagnoli, A, additional, Grassi, N, additional, Lo Giudice, A, additional, Mereu, P, additional, Mila, G, additional, Nervo, M, additional, Pastrone, N, additional, Petrucci, F, additional, Prino, F, additional, Ramello, L, additional, Ravera, M, additional, Ricci, C, additional, Romero, A, additional, Sacchi, R, additional, Staiano, A, additional, Visca, L, additional, and Zamprotta, L, additional

Published
2012
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24. Virtual reading of a large ancient handwritten science book

Author

Albertin, F., Patera, A., Jerjen, I., Hartmann, S., Peccenini, E., Kaplan, F., Stampanoni, M., Kaufmann, R., and Margaritondo, G.

Subjects
CIBM-PC
Abstract

We present a fundamental development step of a new technique to read and digitize ancient handwritten documents. Chemical analysis by x-ray fluorescence and x-ray tomography enabled us to decipher words and drawings from inside a closed, 200-pages 18 th century handwritten book. The ink chemistry is essential: tomographic reading is feasible thanks to the iron present in ancient inks (iron gall) over one millennium – whereas carbon or organic inks do not provide sufficient x-ray contrast. The results presented are a key progress towards the ultimate goal of the technique: non-invasive reading of fragile and/or unopenable documents.

25. X-ray Tomography Unveils the Construction Technique of Un-Montu's Egyptian Coffin (Early 26th Dynasty)

Author

Fauzia Albertin, Maria Pia Morigi, Matteo Bettuzzi, Rosa Brancaccio, Nicola Macchioni, Roberto Saccuman, Gianluca Quarta, Lucio Calcagnile, Daniela Picchi, Albertin, F., Morigi, M. P., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Macchioni, N., Saccuman, R., Quarta, G., Calcagnile, L., Picchi, D., Albertin F., Morigi M.P., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Macchioni N., Saccuman R., Quarta G., Calcagnile L., and Picchi D.

Subjects
Radiocarbon dating, X‐ray tomography, Egyptian coffin, In situ analysi, Non‐invasive investigation, egyptian coffin, X-ray tomography, in situ analysis, non-invasive investigations, radiocarbon dating, wood identification, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wood identification, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Abstract

The Bologna Archaeological Museum, in cooperation with prestigious Italian universities, institutions, and independent scholars, recently began a vast investigation programme on a group of Egyptian coffins of Theban provenance dating to the first millennium BC, primarily the 25th–26th Dynasty (c. 746–525 BC). Herein, we present the results of the multidisciplinary investigation carried out on one of these coffins before its restoration intervention: the anthropoid wooden coffin of Un-Montu (Inv. MCABo EG1960). The integration of radiocarbon dating, wood species identification, and CT imaging enabled a deep understanding of the coffin’s wooden structure. In particular, we discuss the results of the tomographic investigation performed in situ. The use of a transportable X-ray facility largely reduced the risks associated with the transfer of the large object (1.80 cm tall) out of the museum without compromising image quality. Thanks to the 3D tomographic imaging, the coffin revealed the secrets of its construction technique, from the rational use of wood to the employment of canvas (incamottatura), from the use of dowels to the assembly procedure.

Published
2021
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26. Detectors and cultural heritage: The INFN-CHNet experience

Author

Laura Guidorzi, F. Albertin, Francesco Grazzi, Valerio Graziani, Andrea Fabbri, Lisa Castelli, Caroline Czelusniak, Mirko Massi, Anna Maria Gueli, Lorenzo Giuntini, Serena Barone, Leandro Sottili, Stefano Nisi, M. Bonesini, Giancarlo Pepponi, Lucia Liccioli, C. Ruberto, Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins, A. Mazzinghi, Bárbara Smilgys, D. Di Martino, M. Carpinelli, Michele Prata, Andrea Salvini, Carmine Lubritto, Nicla Gelli, Alessandro Re, Matteo Bettuzzi, Simona Altieri, Valeria Sipala, Massimiliano Clemenza, Stefania Pasquale, Saverio Altieri, Lucilla Pronti, Martina Romani, Antonella Balerna, Rosa Brancaccio, Mariaelena Fedi, Giuseppe Stella, Luca Tortora, Francesco Taccetti, Francesca Giambi, P. Branchini, Maria Pia Morigi, Daniele Alloni, Mariangela Cestelli Guidi, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Francesca Marchegiani, Piernicola Oliva, Giuntini L., Castelli L., Massi M., Fedi M., Czelusniak C., Gelli N., Liccioli L., Giambi F., Ruberto C., Mazzinghi A., Barone S., Marchegiani F., Nisi S., Lubritto C., Altieri S., Tortora L., Branchini P., Fabbri A., Graziani V., Lins S.B., Guidorzi L., Giudice A.L., Re A., Sottili L., Balerna A., Guidi M.C., Pronti L., Romani M., Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Morigi M.P., Alloni D., Salvini A., Smilgys B., Prata M., Bonesini M., Di Martino D., Clemenza M., Carpinelli M., Oliva P., Sipala V., Gueli A.M., Pasquale S., Stella G., Pepponi G., Grazzi F., Taccetti F., Giuntini, Lorenzo, Castelli, Lisa, Massi, Mirko, Fedi, Mariaelena, Czelusniak, Caroline, Gelli, Nicla, Liccioli, Lucia, Giambi, Francesca, Ruberto, Chiara, Mazzinghi, Anna, Barone, Serena, Marchegiani, Francesca, Nisi, Stefano, Lubritto, Carmine, Altieri, Simona, Tortora, Luca, Branchini, Paolo, Fabbri, Andrea, Graziani, Valerio, Lins, Sergio Barcello, Guidorzi, Laura, Lo Giudice, Alessandro, Re, Alessandro, Sottili, Leandro, Balerna, Antonella, Cestelli Guidi, Mariangela, Pronti, Lucilla, Romani, Martina, Albertin, Fauzia, Bettuzzi, Matteo, Brancaccio, Rosa, Morigi, Maria Pia, Alloni, Daniele, Salvini, Andrea, Smilgys, Barbara, Prata, Michele, Altieri, Saverio, Bonesini, Maurizio, Di Martino, Daniela, Clemenza, Massimiliano, Carpinelli, Massimo, Oliva, Piernicola, Sipala, Valeria, Gueli, Anna Maria, Pasquale, Stefania, Stella, Giuseppe, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Grazzi, Francesco, Taccetti, Francesco, Giuntini, L, Castelli, L, Massi, M, Fedi, M, Czelusniak, C, Gelli, N, Liccioli, L, Giambi, F, Ruberto, C, Mazzinghi, A, Barone, S, Marchegiani, F, Nisi, S, Lubritto, C, Altieri, S, Tortora, L, Branchini, P, Fabbri, A, Graziani, V, Lins, S, Guidorzi, L, Giudice, A, Re, A, Sottili, L, Balerna, A, Guidi, M, Pronti, L, Romani, M, Albertin, F, Bettuzzi, M, Brancaccio, R, Morigi, M, Alloni, D, Salvini, A, Smilgys, B, Prata, M, Bonesini, M, Di Martino, D, Clemenza, M, Carpinelli, M, Oliva, P, Sipala, V, Gueli, A, Pasquale, S, Stella, G, Pepponi, G, Grazzi, F, Taccetti, F, Giuntini, L., Castelli, L., Massi, M., Fedi, M., Czelusniak, C., Gelli, N., Liccioli, L., Giambi, F., Ruberto, C., Mazzinghi, A., Barone, S., Marchegiani, F., Nisi, S., Lubritto, C., Altieri, S., Tortora, L., Branchini, P., Fabbri, A., Graziani, V., Lins, S. B., Guidorzi, L., Giudice, A. L., Re, A., Sottili, L., Balerna, A., Guidi, M. C., Pronti, L., Romani, M., Albertin, F., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Morigi, M. P., Alloni, D., Salvini, A., Smilgys, B., Prata, M., Bonesini, M., Di Martino, D., Clemenza, M., Carpinelli, M., Oliva, P., Sipala, V., Gueli, A. M., Pasquale, S., Stella, G., Pepponi, G., Grazzi, F., and Taccetti, F.

Subjects
Computer science, Neutron detector, X-ray detector, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, gamma-ray detector, lcsh:Chemistry, photon-counting detectors, Neutron detection, General Materials Science, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Instrumentation, particle detector, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Detectors for cultural heritage, Detectors for mass spectrometry, Gamma-ray detectors, Neutron detectors, Particle detectors, Photon-counting detectors, X-ray detectors, detectors for cultural heritage, neutron detectors, Detector, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, particle detectors, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, Scientific technique, Systems engineering, neutron detector, Particle detector, 0210 nano-technology, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), photon-counting detector, Instrumentation (computer programming), Gamma-ray detector, Spectrometer, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, 010401 analytical chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Cultural heritage, gamma-ray detectors, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Beamline, lcsh:TA1-2040, Photon-counting detector, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics, detectors for mass spectrometry
Abstract

Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This process results in both optimized traditional state-of-the-art and highly innovative detection setups for spectrometric techniques. Examples of the former are X-rays, gamma-rays, visible-light and particles spectrometers tailored for CH applications, with optimized performances, reliability, weight, transportability, cost, absorbed power, and complementarity with other techniques. Regarding the latter, examples are ARDESIA, the array of detectors at the DAΦNE-Light facility, the MAXRS detection setup at the Riken-RAL muon beamline and the imaging facilities at the LENA Laboratory. Paths for next-generation instruments have been suggested, as in the case of the X-ray Superconductive Detectors and X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers, allowing astonishing improvement in energy resolution. Many issues in CH can now be addressed thanks to scientific techniques exploiting the existing detectors, while many others are still to be addressed and require the development of new approaches and detectors.

Published
2021

27. X-ray computed tomography to study archaeological clay and wood artefacts at Lilybaeum

Author

G. Festa, Rosa Brancaccio, M. G. Griffo, A. Mistretta, Maria Pia Morigi, Matteo Bettuzzi, E. Caruso, Franco Casali, L. Strolin, Luisa Cifarelli, F. Albertin, A. M. Parrinello, R. Nania, L. E. Baumer, Albertin, F., Baumer, L. E., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Caruso, E., Casali, F., Cifarelli, L., Festa, G., Griffo, M. G., Mistretta, A., Morigi, M. P., Nania, R., Parrinello, A. M., and Strolin, L.

Subjects
wooden artefact, Lilybaeum archaeological site, medicine.diagnostic_test, Lilybaeum, General Physics and Astronomy, Computed tomography, X-ray Computed Tomography, Punic artefacts, Archaeology, X ray computed, clay artefact, Archéologie classique, medicine, Tomography, ddc:930, X-ray tomography, archaological findings, Geology
Abstract

Since 2018, a scientific research project, the “Lilybaeum Project”, is being carried out by a collaboration of physicists and archaeologists. The goal is to apply forefront analysis techniques to the investigation of archaeological artefacts, both in situ and in the laboratory. The first case study presented in this paper concerns the original investigation through X-ray computed tomography of a collection of objects from the Regional Archaeological Museum of Lilybaeum, in Marsala, Italy. In addition to a very significant collection of clay jars mostly from children's graves of the ancient Lilybaeum necropolis, an unprecedented analysis of wooden planks belonging to the only existing wreck of a Punic Ship kept in the Museum is presented.

Published
2021
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28. A multi-technique tomography-based approach for non-invasive characterization of additive manufacturing components in view of vacuum/UHV applications: preliminary results

Author

Matteo Bettuzzi, Jumaanah Elhashemi, F. Arneodo, Tetsuya Kai, Maria Pia Morigi, Oraib Al-Ketan, M. Massi, Rosa Brancaccio, M. Manetti, Takenao Shinohara, Carlo Cialdai, Adriano Di Giovanni, F. Albertin, Anna Fedrigo, F. Grazzi, Rodrigo Torres, Francesco Taccetti, Lorenzo Giuntini, Grazzi F., Cialdai C., Manetti M., Massi M., Morigi M.P., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Albertin F., Shinohara T., Kai T., Fedrigo A., Di Giovanni A., Arneodo F., Torres R., Al-Ketan O., Elhashemi J., Taccetti F., and Giuntini L.

Subjects
Microstructural analysis, Neutron tomography (NT), Non-destructive characterization, Selective laser melting (SLM), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), Materials science, Ultra-high vacuum, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, Anisotropy, Porosity, General Environmental Science, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Neutron tomography, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Characterization (materials science), Microstructural analysi, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Optoelectronics, Tomography, 0210 nano-technology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract

In this paper, we have studied an additively manufactured metallic component, intended for ultra-high vacuum application, the exit-snout of the MACHINA transportable proton accelerator beam-line. Metal additive manufacturing components can exhibit heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures. Two non-destructive imaging techniques, X-ray computed tomography and Neutron Tomography, were employed to examine its microstructure. They unveiled the presence of porosity and channels, the size and composition of grains and intergranular precipitates, and the general behavior of the spatial distribution of the solidification lines. While X-ray computed tomography evidenced qualitative details about the surface roughness and internal defects, neutron tomography showed excellent ability in imaging the spatial density distribution within the component. The anisotropy of the density was attributed to the material building orientation during the 3D printing process. Density variations suggest the possibility of defect pathways, which could affect high vacuum performances. In addition, these results highlight the importance of considering building orientation in the design for additive manufacturing for UHV applications. Graphical Abstract

Published
2021

29. From closed testaments to books: Virtual X-ray Reading as an alternate digitization technology for fragile documents

Author

Demetri Psaltis, Giorgio Margaritondo, M. Del Rio, F. Albertin, Matteo Bettuzzi, Dorit Raines, Eva Peccenini, Rosa Brancaccio, Marilisa Romito, Maria Pia Morigi, Albertin, F., Romito, M., Peccenini, E., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Morigi, M. P., del Rio, M., Raines, D., Margaritondo, G., and Psaltis, D.

Subjects
x-ray tomography, archive, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, digitization technology, documents, archive, testaments, x-ray tomography, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, General Engineering, Art, Settore M-STO/08 - Archivistica, Bibliografia e Biblioteconomia, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Readability, X-ray, World Wide Web, ancient manuscripts, Reading (process), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Artificial intelligence, business, testaments, Computed tomography, Digitization, digitization technology, documents, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, media_common
Abstract

In recent years, research and technology made considerable progress in increasing the speed and the safety of the entire digitization process of ancient collections. Despite this, imaging ancient, fragile or un-opened documents remains a formidable challenge. We employ an alternate digitization technique for handwritten documents, exploiting x-ray tomography: Virtual X-ray Reading. Thanks to the high penetration of x-rays, we can acquire 3-dimensional (3D) tomographic images of a multi-page document without opening it. The x-ray contrast necessary for the readability is produced by the chemical composition and the consequent strong x-ray absorption of the iron gall inks - largely used for European handwritten documents. We present the development of this technology, from the chemical investigations of the inks to the tomography of an unopened Venetian testament and of an 18th century, 200-page, handwritten book.

Published
2017
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30. Inside the construction techniques of the Master globe-maker Vincenzo Coronelli

Author

M.B. Toth, Maria Pia Morigi, M. Baldan, Rosa Brancaccio, Matteo Bettuzzi, Franco Casali, F. Albertin, Albertin F., Bettuzzi M., Brancaccio R., Toth M.B., Baldan M., Morigi M.P., and Casali F.

Subjects
Engineering, National library, business.industry, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), 010401 analytical chemistry, Art history, Globe, 02 engineering and technology, Scanning electron microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Vincenzo Coronelli, Multispectral imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Marciana National Library – Venice, medicine, 0210 nano-technology, business, X-ray tomography, Spectroscopy
Abstract

We present the results of the broad scientific investigation campaign of an important Celestial globe by Vincenzo Coronelli, part of the Marciana National Library collection (Venice). Coronelli was one of the finest globe-makers and cartographers of the 17th century and he manufactured a large number of Terrestrial and Celestial globes of different sizes, such as the two impressive and entirely manuscript 4-meter globes commissioned for Louis XIV. Using multiple techniques, we studied the materials and the construction techniques of the first printed reproduction of the French Celestial globe, donated to the Serenissima Republic in 1689 and still in Venice. We present and discuss the results of the multispectral imaging analysis, of the chemical investigations X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and of the stratigraphic analysis by polarised-light microscopy. Moreover, we explain in detail the results of the X-ray tomographic analysis performed in situ. Thanks to this comprehensive campaign, we examined the production process of this unique globe, from the pigment to the woodworking approach of the Master globe-maker Coronelli.

Published
2020

31. Advanced imaging systems for diagnostic investigations applied to Cultural Heritage

Author

Rosa Brancaccio, F. Albertin, Eva Peccenini, Maria Pia Morigi, Ferruccio Carlo Petrucci, Franco Casali, Matteo Bettuzzi, Peccenini, E., Albertin, F., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., Casali, F., Morigi, M.P., and Petrucci, F.

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), History, Engineering, X ray radiography, Multimedia, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Computed tomography, Cultural Heritage, computer.software_genre, Field (computer science), Computer Science Applications, Education, Cultural heritage, Resource (project management), Computed Tomography, Work of art, Industrial radiography, medicine, business, computer, Digital Radiography
Abstract

The diagnostic investigations are an important resource in the studies on Cultural Heritage to enhance the knowledge on execution techniques, materials and conservation status of a work of art. In this field, due to the great historical and artistic value of the objects, preservation is the main concern; for this reason, new technological equipment has been designed and developed in the Physics Departments of the Universities of Ferrara and Bologna to enhance the non-invasive approach to the study of pictorial artworks and other objects of cultural interest. Infrared (IR) reflectography, X-ray radiography and computed tomography (CT), applied to works of art, are joined by the same goal: to get hidden information on execution techniques and inner structure pursuing the non-invasiveness of the methods, although using different setup and physical principles. In this work transportable imaging systems to investigate large objects in museums and galleries are presented. In particular, 2D scanning devices for IR reflectography and X-ray radiography, CT systems and some applications to the Cultural Heritage are described.

Published
2014

32. A Geometric Feature-Based Algorithm for the Virtual Reading of Closed Historical Manuscripts.

Author

Brancaccio R, Albertin F, Seracini M, Bettuzzi M, and Morigi MP

Abstract

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), a commonly used technique in a wide variety of research fields, nowadays represents a unique and powerful procedure to discover, reveal and preserve a fundamental part of our patrimony: ancient handwritten documents. For modern and well-preserved ones, traditional document scanning systems are suitable for their correct digitization, and, consequently, for their preservation; however, the digitization of ancient, fragile and damaged manuscripts is still a formidable challenge for conservators. The X-ray tomographic approach has already proven its effectiveness in data acquisition, but the algorithmic steps from tomographic images to real page-by-page extraction and reading are still a difficult undertaking. In this work, we propose a new procedure for the segmentation of single pages from the 3D tomographic data of closed historical manuscripts, based on geometric features and flood fill methods. The achieved results prove the capability of the methodology in segmenting the different pages recorded starting from the whole CT acquired volume.

Published
2023
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34. X-ray Tomography Unveils the Construction Technique of Un-Montu's Egyptian Coffin (Early 26th Dynasty).

Author

Albertin F, Morigi MP, Bettuzzi M, Brancaccio R, Macchioni N, Saccuman R, Quarta G, Calcagnile L, and Picchi D

Abstract

The Bologna Archaeological Museum, in cooperation with prestigious Italian universities, institutions, and independent scholars, recently began a vast investigation programme on a group of Egyptian coffins of Theban provenance dating to the first millennium BC, primarily the 25th-26th Dynasty ( c. 746-525 BC). Herein, we present the results of the multidisciplinary investigation carried out on one of these coffins before its restoration intervention: the anthropoid wooden coffin of Un-Montu (Inv. MCABo EG1960). The integration of radiocarbon dating, wood species identification, and CT imaging enabled a deep understanding of the coffin's wooden structure. In particular, we discuss the results of the tomographic investigation performed in situ. The use of a transportable X-ray facility largely reduced the risks associated with the transfer of the large object (1.80 cm tall) out of the museum without compromising image quality. Thanks to the 3D tomographic imaging, the coffin revealed the secrets of its construction technique, from the rational use of wood to the employment of canvas ( incamottatura ), from the use of dowels to the assembly procedure.

Published
2022
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35. "Ecce Homo" by Antonello da Messina, from non-invasive investigations to data fusion and dissemination.

Author

Albertin F, Ruberto C, Cucci C, Callieri M, Potenziani M, Siotto E, Pingi P, Scopigno R, Bettuzzi M, Brancaccio R, Morigi MP, Castelli L, Taccetti F, Picollo M, Stefani L, and de Vita F

Abstract

Scientific investigations of artworks are crucial in terms of preservation since they provide a measurable evaluation of the materials and the state of conservation. This is the case of Antonello da Messina's painting "Ecce Homo": its delicate state of conservation, with the need for constant monitoring, required a broad and in-depth diagnostic campaign to support the restorers. The project was carried out entirely in situ using non-invasive cutting-edge techniques and proposes a multimodal and data-centric approach, integrating 3D and 2D methodologies. The surface irregularities and the support were analysed with a structured-light 3D scanner and X-ray tomography. The painting materials were investigated with X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) and reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Primarily, the data were jointly used for a scientific scope and provided new knowledge of the painting in terms of materials and painting techniques. In addition, two web-based interactive platforms were developed: one to provide restorers and experts with a new perspective of the hidden geometries of the painting, and the other targeted at the general public for dissemination purposes. The results of the Ecce Homo scientific analysis were exhibited, using a touch-screen interface, and developed for different user levels, from adults to kids., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
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36. Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods.

Author

Di Turo F, Moro G, Artesani A, Albertin F, Bettuzzi M, Cristofori D, Moretto LM, and Traviglia A

Abstract

This paper describes the analysis of two near-spherical metallic inclusions partially incorporated within two Roman raw glass slags in order to elucidate the process that induced their formation and to determine whether their presence was related to ancient glass colouring processes. The theory of metallic scraps or powder being used in Roman times for glass-making and colouring purposes is widely accepted by the archaeological scientific community, although the assumption has been mainly based on oral traditions and documented medieval practices of glass processing. The analysis of the two inclusions, carried out by X-ray computed tomography, electrochemical analyses, and scanning electron microscopy, revealed their material composition, corrosion and internal structure. Results indicate that the two metallic bodies originated when, during the melting phase of glass, metal scraps were added to colour the material: the colloidal metal-glass system reached then a supersaturation condition and the latter ultimately induced metal expulsion and agglomeration. According to the authors' knowledge, these two inclusions represent the first documented and studied finds directly associated with the ancient practise of adding metallic agents to colour glass, and their analysis provides clear insights into the use of metallic waste in the glass colouring process.

Published
2021
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37. The effect of doxorubicin on MEK-ERK signaling predicts its efficacy in HCC.

Author

Choi J, Yip-Schneider M, Albertin F, Wiesenauer C, Wang Y, and Schmidt CM

Subjects
Aniline Compounds pharmacology, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Apoptosis drug effects, Benzamides pharmacology, Butadienes pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Humans, Nitriles pharmacology, Phosphorylation drug effects, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic pharmacology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular drug therapy, Doxorubicin pharmacology, Liver Neoplasms drug therapy, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases antagonists & inhibitors
Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Historically, doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used against unresectable HCC with variable response rates., Materials and Methods: We hypothesized that DOX combined with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) targeted therapy may provide enhanced anti-cancer effects. Human HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B) were treated with DOX and MEK enzyme inhibitors, U0126 or PD184161, alone or in combination. Growth, apoptosis, and ERK expression/MEK activity were respectively determined by proliferation assay, DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunoassay or fluorochrome inhibitor of caspases, and Western blot., Results: DOX (0.01-1 microM) decreased cell proliferation in Hep3B cells (IC(50) approximately 0.12 microM) at 48 to 72 h; DOX was less effective in HepG2 cells (IC(50) approximately 0.25 microM). At early time points (30 min) after DOX treatment of Hep3B cells, MEK activity was unchanged at low doses and decreased at higher doses; after 24 h, phospho-ERK levels increased at higher doses. Contrarily, in HepG2 cells, DOX caused a sustained, dose-dependent increase in phospho-ERK levels at early and late time points. The MEK inhibitor U0126 decreased phospho-ERK in both HCC lines. In contrast to DOX, HepG2 cells were more sensitive than Hep3B cells to U0126. The combination of DOX with U0126 (or PD184161) resulted in greater inhibition of proliferation in HepG2 but not in Hep3B cells. This effect may be mediated in part by enhanced apoptosis., Conclusions: The effect of DOX on early and late induction of MEK activity predicts its chemotherapeutic response in HCC. Furthermore, this effect may also determine the utility of MEK inhibitor combination treatment.

Published
2008
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