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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the angulation of and the various indications for removal of mandibular third molars in Jordanians as a representative Arab sample. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The data included in this retrospective study were obtained from the clinical and radiographic records of 1,282 patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgery during a 5-year period from 1994 to 1999. The indications for removal of the mandibular third molars were classified in accordance with age and gender. The angular position of mandibular third molars was registered. RESULTS: A total of 2,252 mandibular third molars were removed from 740 male patients (57.7%) and 542 female patients (42.3%) aged 14 to 67 years. Pericoronitis was the most common indication for surgery, affecting 1,055 teeth (46.8%). Caries was observed in 519 third molars (23.0%). The vertical angular position was most commonly found (1,383 teeth; 61.4%) followed by the mesioangular position (407 teeth; 18.1%). CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study are similar to those reported in earlier studies carried out elsewhere, although the incidence of periodontitis among Jordanians was significantly higher and occurred in older patients, and prophylactic removal was performed less frequently than has been reported in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the wear behavior of ceramics opposed to unveneered zirconia and whether wear varies according to microstructure, surface toughness, and flexural strength of the ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The wear resistance of nanofilled composite resin and feldspathic ceramic artificial teeth may vary according to the material type and physical characteristics of the antagonist. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wear resistance of nanofilled composite resin and feldspathic ceramic artificial teeth after simulated mastication against steatite, zirconia, and alumina antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study evaluated 6 groups of artificial teeth: 3 groups of 8 nanofilled composite resin teeth (Condyloform II NFC) and 3 groups of 8 feldspathic ceramic teeth (Bonartic CT). Three sets of 16 steatite, 16 zirconia, and 16 alumina cusp-shaped antagonist surfaces were fabricated and used to test wear resistance. Each group was loaded for 600,000 cycles. The wear resistance was analyzed by measuring vertical and volume substance lost (microm and mm(3), respectively), determined with a laser scanner. Data were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Games-Howell test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The influence of the materials tested and antagonists was statistically significant. The composite resin teeth showed significantly higher vertical and volume substance loss than ceramic teeth opposing steatite cusps (P<.001; P=.04, respectively), while composite resin teeth opposing alumina and zirconia cusps demonstrated less wear than ceramic teeth. However, the latter differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The wear behavior of nanofilled composite resin and feldspathic ceramic teeth varies according to the type of antagonistic material. However, alumina and zirconia ceramics caused less wear in antagonists than steatite ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the effects of adhesive resin cement, obturation material and dentin location on the retention of glass fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRRC) posts., Methods: 60 root canals in single rooted teeth were obturated with three different protocols (n= 20), including no obturation material (Control), GuttaFlow and Gutta-percha. Spaces were prepared for glass (FRCR) posts. Subgroups of the roots (n=10) were allocated for receiving posts luted with RelyX Unicem or Calibra resin cements. The specimens were mounted in plastic molds using epoxy resin. They were sectioned transversely to obtain three 1 mm-thick coronal, middle and apical slabs. Post retention was measured using a universal testing machine. The push-out test was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute until post dislodgement occurred. Dislodged posts were examined microscopically to evaluate the mode of failure. Data were analyzed using univariate tests to reveal the effects of dependent variables and their interactions on post retention. Tukey test was used to determine significant differences for post retention in obturation material and dentin location groups. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant., Results: The adhesive resin cement, obturation material, dentin location and cement obturation materials interaction affected post retention. The mean bond strength was higher for posts cemented with RelyX Unicem than for those cemented with Calibra resin cements. Post retention in coronal locations was significantly superior to middle or apical locations. The failure mode was primarily mixed., Clinical Significance: When using RelyX Unicem cement for luting glass fiber-reinforced root canal posts, complete removal of all obturation materials from the post space significantly improves the retention. Although Calibra cement is less technique sensitive than RelyX Unicem resin cement, it produces notably lower retention of fiber-reinforced glass root canal posts., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest. This work was supported by the Deanship of Research at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (Grant number 20110082)., (Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.)

Objective: To compare the postoperative sensitivity (POS) of a self-adhesive bulk-fill resin composite with that of a conventional bulk-fill resin composite in posterior restorations., Methods: Class I and II (n = 166) cavities of at least 3 mm depth, in 83 participants were restored by: (TEST: Surefil one™ Self-Adhesive bulk-fill (n = 83); and CONTROL: Filtek™ Bulk-Fill posterior composites (n = 83). The presence and intensity of POS associated with the restorations was evaluated at 24 h, 1 week and 1 month intervals using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Comparisons of POS presence between the two treatment groups were made using the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, while Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests were used to compare the intensity of POS (α=0.05)., Results: Forty-two of participants (25.3%; 95% CI 19.3 to 32.4) reported presence of POS after 24 h and none of the participants reported POS after 1 month. The presence of POS was not significantly affected by the restorative material after 24 h, 1 week and 1 month (p>0.05). After 1 week, the participants in the Surefil one™ group reported significantly less intensity of POS than the participants in the Filtek™ Bulk-Fill group (p = 0.02)., Conclusions: The use of Surefil one™ self-adhesive resin composite did not significantly increase the presence of POS compared to the use of the conventional bulk-fill resin composite. However, the intensity of POS was significantly less in the Surefil one ™ group after one week., Clinical Significance: The use of a self-adhesive bulk-fill resin composite in posterior restorations did not increase the presence of POS more than the use of a conventional bulk-fill resin composite. However, it decreased the intensity of POS after one week. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; the registration number is NCT05567263., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The aim of the study was to compare decision making for asymptomatic root-filled teeth among dentists with differing educational backgrounds. Case scenarios based on 14 radiographs were created and 150 participants were asked to choose from five alternative treatment decisions and to state the rationale. Demographic data of the participants were recorded. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were performed; chi square testing was used for comparisons and logistic regression was performed to detect significant differences. The overall response rate was 87.3%. The practitioners chose intervention predominantly with non-surgical retreatment a common choice. Poor technical quality was a driving factor, while the existing poor coronal restoration and the need for a crown were generally not taken into account by general dentists. Speciality and experience were significant factors. Practitioners were more inclined to retain rather than extract teeth. It is concluded that clear guidelines listing factors to consider for intervention are required., (© 2018 Australian Society of Endodontology Inc.)

Aim: The aim of this study to determine the influence of smoking on self-reported oral health status among university students., Materials and Methods: Voluntary sample of 669 adults of 18 to 26 years old were invited to participate in the study. They were asked to read a self-designated questionnaire and a covering letter which explained the purpose of the study. The questionnaire addressed self-reported demographics, oral hygiene and smoking habits; knowledge about smoking and its effects on oral health. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test to determine statistically significant differences across the oral health status., Results: The sample included 340 (56.7%) males and 240 (43.3%) females; 56.8% of the subjects were nonsmokers; 43.2% were current smokers, and 17.5% smoke argileh. Almost 24.7% of subjects started smoking because of emotional effects; 66.9% did not smoke because of its harm to health. The percentage of subjects with dental plaque on their teeth was 27.1%, and with calculus was 27.9%, and with stains was 26.9%. About 35.5% of the subjects brushed their teeth once daily. Statistically, significant association was proven between smoking and gender (p < 0.01); and smoking and halitosis (p < 0.01)., Conclusion: Smoking is significantly related to esthetics, calculus, tooth stains, halitosis, gingival bleeding, and gender with p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p = 0.05, and p < 0.01 respectively.

Statement of Problem: Several post surface treatments with or without the application of a bonding agent have been recommended to improve the bond strength of resin cements to posts. A regimen that produces the maximum bond strength of glass fiber-reinforced composite resin posts has not been verified., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of post surface conditioning methods and artificial aging on the retention and microleakage of adhesively luted glass fiber-reinforced composite resin posts., Material and Methods: Seventy-two endodontically treated single-rooted teeth were prepared for glass fiber-reinforced composite resin posts. The posts were submitted to 3 different surface treatments (n=24), including no treatment, etching with phosphoric acid, and airborne-particle abrasion. Subgroups of the posts (n=8) were then allocated for 3 different experimental conditions: no artificial aging, no bonding agent; no artificial aging, bonding agent; or artificial aging, bonding agent. The posts were luted with resin cement (Calibra). Post retention was measured in tension at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. The posts assigned for microleakage investigation were placed in fuchsin dye for 72 hours. The dislodged posts and the post spaces were examined microscopically to evaluate the mode of failure and explore the microleakage. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05)., Results: The mean (SD) retention values for test groups ranged from 269 (63.8) to 349 (52.2) N. The retention values of the airborne-particle-abrasion group were significantly higher than those of the acidic-treatment and no-treatment groups. The application of bonding agent on the post surface produced no significant influence on retention. The mean retention values after artificial aging were significantly higher than without artificial aging. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated that the failure mode was primarily mixed., Conclusions: Treating the surface of the posts with phosphoric acid for 15 seconds before cementation produced no significant improvement in post retention. Airborne-particle abrasion of the surface of the post significantly improved post retention., (Copyright 2010 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To assess the retention of glass FRC posts luted with resin cements after conditioning the canal dentin with different acidic treatments., Methods: Post spaces were prepared in six groups of eight endodontically treated extracted teeth. Glass FRC posts were luted after etching the canal dentin with phosphoric acid and/or applying ED-Primer, Clearfil New Bond or XP Bond. The groups with their respective etching time, primer and cement combinations were as follows. ED: ED-Primer only and Panavia 21; ED15: 15 seconds phosphoric acid treatment, ED-Primer and Panavia 21; NB15: 15 seconds phosphoric acid treatment, Clearfil New Bond and Panavia 21; NB30: 30 seconds phosphoric acid treatment, Clearfil New Bond and Panavia 21; XP15: 15 seconds phosphoric acid treatment, XP Bond and Calibra; XP30: 30 seconds phosphoric acid treatment, XP Bond and Calibra. Specimens were stored in water for 30 days and subjected to simulated aging conditions. Post retention was measured in tension at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/minute. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple range tests were conducted for data analysis., Results: The mean (standard deviation) retention values in Newtons (N) were: ED: 180.9 (44.9); ED15: 278.3 (37.7); NB15: 283.8 (84.9); NB30: 187.7 (60.0), XP15: 216.8 (46.8), XP30: 199.6 (34.0). The retention values of ED15 and NB15 were significantly higher than those of ED and NB30 groups respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between XP Bond groups. Microscopic evaluation of post surfaces demonstrated that the debonding failure was adhesive at the cement-post and cement-dentin interfaces.

Purpose: Dental esthetics has increasingly become an important and rewarding discipline in dentistry as patients have begun to request anterior restorations of high esthetic quality. Clinicians must be prepared to meet the esthetic demands and high expectations of their patients. Different variables may influence the esthetic quality of restorations. Quality evaluations may vary with clinical or patient assessments. This study attempted to assess the esthetic quality of maxillary anterior restorations in order to determine the percentage of restorations with satisfactory quality, examine variables affecting esthetic quality, and make comparisons between agreements and disagreements in clinical and patient evaluations., Materials and Methods: Restorations in patients attending different dental clinics in Irbid, Jordan were examined. Clinicians compared the color and shape of the restorations with those of a natural tooth using Ryge criteria, and patients evaluated the same parameters and the surface texture using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Evaluations ranked the quality as good, satisfactory, or poor., Results: The percentage of esthetic complaints was 32.4%, whereas the percentage of satisfactory restorations revealed was 43.8% and 67.6% by clinical and patient assessments, respectively. Restorations yielded significantly better scores on both evaluations when they were prepared by dental students, made in the Dental Teaching Centre (DTC), or were less than one year old. The number of agreements between clinical and patient rankings was significantly less than disagreements., Conclusions: There were statistically significant disagreements on the esthetic quality between clinicians and patients. Age, gender, practice sector, qualification of the operator, type, and longevity of restoration significantly affected the assessments.

Statement of Problem: The smear layer covering root canal dentin as a result of post space preparation procedures may negatively affect the retention of adhesively cemented glass fiber-reinforced resin posts., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention of airborne-particle-abraded glass fiber posts luted with 3 different bonding systems after conditioning the canal dentin with acidic conditioning methods., Material and Methods: Post spaces were prepared in 6 groups of 8 endodontically treated single-rooted teeth. Glass fiber-reinforced resin posts were airborne-particle abraded and luted after etching the canal dentin with phosphoric acid and/or applying XP Bond, Clearfil New Bond, or ED Primer. The groups with their respective etching time, primer, and cement combinations were as follows: XP15: 15 seconds of phosphoric acid treatment, XP Bond and Calibra; XP30: 30 seconds of phosphoric acid treatment, XP Bond and Calibra; NB15: 15 seconds of phosphoric acid treatment, Clearfil New Bond and Panavia 21; NB30: 30 seconds of phosphoric acid treatment, Clearfil New Bond and Panavia 21; ED: ED Primer only and Panavia 21; ED15: 15 seconds phosphoric acid treatment, ED Primer and Panavia 21. Specimens were stored in water for 30 days and subjected to simulated aging conditions. Post retention was measured in tension at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by post hoc comparisons using Langley method (alpha =.05). The dislodged posts and canals were examined microscopically at x8 and x20 magnification to evaluate the mode of failure., Results: For each group, the mean (SD) retention in N was: XP15: 376.8 (39); XP30: 305.5 (27); NB15: 370.3 (31); NB30: 297.6 (52); ED: 301.6 (43); ED15: 373.8 (46). The retention values of ED15, NB15, and XP15 were significantly higher than those of ED, NB30, and XP30 groups, respectively. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated that the failure mode was primarily mixed., Conclusions: Luting posts with Panavia 21 or Calibra after etching the dentin with phosphoric acid for 15 seconds produced significantly higher retention values than treating dentin for 30 seconds or with ED Primer, only.

Restorations made on incorrectly mounted casts might require considerable intra-oral adjustments to correct the occlusion or might even necessitate a remake of the restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate interocclusal recording materials for their ability to reproduce accurate vertical interocclusal relationships after a storage time of 1 and 48 h, respectively. A custom-made apparatus was used to simulate the maxilla and mandible. Eight interocclusal records were made in each of the following groups: G1: Aluwax (aluminium wax), G2: Beauty Pink wax (hydrocarbon wax compound), G3: Futar D, G4: Futar D Fast, G5: Futar Scan (G3-G5: vinyl polysiloxane), G6: Ramitec (polyether). The vertical discrepancies were measured by an inductive displacement transducer connected to a carrier frequency amplifier after storage of the records for two periods of 1 and 48 h. Two-way anova was used for statistical analysis. The mean vertical discrepancies in mum (1/48 h) for G1 (31/35) and G2 (35/38) were statistically significantly higher than for the other groups G3 (8/10), G4 (11/12), G5 (6/8) and G6 (5/8) (P < or = 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the elastomers tested. The effect of storage on the vertical discrepancies was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Vinyl polysiloxane and polyether interocclusal records can be used to relate working casts during mounting procedures without significant vertical displacement of the casts.

The periodontal status of 106 type 2 diabetic patients was assessed and compared with that of 106 age-matched nondiabetics. Patients older than 20 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the outpatient internal medicine clinics at the 2 main hospitals in Irbid governorate, Jordan. Periodontal disease was more severe in type 2 diabetic patients than in nondiabetics, as indicated by significantly mean higher gingival index, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level and tooth mobility. There was no significant difference in the mean plaque index between diabetics and nondiabetics. The severity of periodontal disease was significantly higher in patients with diabetes > 5 years than those with duration < 5 years.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the topographic relationship between the inferior dental canals (IDCs) and the roots of impacted mandibular third molars., Methods: Preoperative orthopantomograms (OPGs) were examined and the proximity of the IDC to the roots of impacted mandibular third molars was categorized into the following: groups: superimposition, adjacent, perforation, grooving, notching, or none. The categories notching, grooving, and perforation were regrouped together and called the true relationship between the IDC and the root apices. The type of impaction, age, and sex of the patient were also noted., Results: The positional category of 96.1% of the radiographs with bilateral impactions was identical on both sides of the mandible. Out of 2526 impacted mandibular third molars examined, 1146 (45.3%) belonged to the superimposition category, 663 (26.2%) were adjacent, 312 (12.3%) showed grooving, 78 (3.08%) showed notching, and 9 (0.35%) were actually perforating the IDC. The results showed 15.7% of the total cases were in true relationship with the IDC. There was a significant association (p = 0.000) between patient's age and true relationship., Conclusions: Identical positional relationship of the bilateral impacted third molars to the IDC was noted in 96.1% of the radiographs. The position of the IDC in relation to the roots of impacted third molars varied according to the patient's age.

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between periodontal diseases and coronary heart diseases (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in observational studies., Methods: This study was based on seven cohort studies and four studies of other designs that met prestated inclusion criteria. Information on study design, year of publication, study location, sample size, study population, participant characteristics, measurement of risk factors, exposure and outcome measures, matching, controlling for confounders, and risk estimates was abstracted independently by two investigators using a standard protocol., Results: Subjects with periodontitis had an overall adjusted risk of CHD that was 1.15 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.25; P = 0.001) the risk for healthy subjects. There was no heterogeneity among the studies in the overall relative risk estimate (P = 0.472). As compared to healthy subjects, those with periodontitis had an overall adjusted relative risk of CVD of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.27; P = 0.032)., Conclusions: Findings indicated that periodontal infection increases the risk of CHD and CVD. However, this meta-analysis provided no evidence for the existence of strong associations between periodontitis and CHD and CVD. Larger and better-controlled studies involving socially homogeneous populations and measuring specific periodontal pathogens are required to identify a definite association between periodontal disease and the risk of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the quality of impressions and tooth preparations sent to dental laboratories in Jordan and to determine the technical capabilities of these laboratories to construct fixed partial dentures., Materials and Methods: A sample of 136 impressions and stone casts were examined for clinical errors in 35 laboratories that construct fixed partial dentures. They were sorted into unusable, unsatisfactory, acceptable, or satisfactory categories. The type of impression material and tray, opposing arch impressions, and occlusal records were noted. Instructions to technicians were assessed for completeness and clarity. Information regarding laboratory staff and equipment were collected., Results: Half of the specimens inspected were categorized as unusable or unsatisfactory; these were found in commercial laboratories. They showed at least one clinical error such as drags or indefinite finishing lines in impressions and inadequate reduction, undercuts, or obvious taper on stone casts. Alginate impression material was used for 65% of the cases. Only 27% of specimens were accompanied with instructions; of these 22% were graded poor. No occlusal records were available with 54% of the specimens and no articulators were used except in dental school laboratories. The dental schools and some commercial laboratories had the best staff and equipment and were more capable of fabricating fixed partial dentures than those of the Ministry of Health and the Royal Med cal Services., Conclusion: The quality of abutment preparation and impressions were unsatisfactory or unusable in 50% of cases. Of the 37 available instructions 8 were not clear. The dental schools and some commercial laboratories were technically capable of producing good quality fixed partial dentures.

Objectives: This prospective study was conducted to determine whether there is any significant difference in the incidence of postobturation pain after single- and multiple-visit root canal treatment (RCT)., Methods: The frequency of postobturation pain was recorded and evaluated over an observation period of 30 days in 291 of 300 consecutive patients receiving RCT. The patients were assigned randomly and consecutively into either single- or multiple-visit groups. The canals of all teeth were prepared and filled by a single operator using the step-back and lateral condensation techniques. The data were analysed statistically to determine the relationship, if any, between the pain experienced and pulpal vitality, tooth type, pre-operative pain, and the sex and age of the patient., Results: Nine of the 300 patients were excluded from the analysis as they failed to attend for postoperative reviews. A significantly higher incidence (P < 0.01) of postobturation pain was found in the multiple-visit group (38%) than in the single-visit group (27%) within 24 h of obturation. The incidence of pain decreased thereafter, with all patients being sysmptom free at the end of the observation period. No significant correlation was found between postobturation pain and any other factor, with the exception that teeth which had nonvital pulp prior to treatment were associated with a significantly greater (P < 0.005) incidence of postobutration pain., Conclusions: Pain was significantly higher in the multiple-visit RCT group and significantly associated with the treatment of the nonvital pulp.

Thirty blindfolded subjects assessed the size of holes (2.4-19.1 mm dia) that were presented to the tongue by using their fingers to select a matching hole from a comparator series of 38 holes (1.6-25.4 mm dia). Subjects consistently overestimated the size of holes less than 10 mm, but there was little disparity for holes greater 14 mm in diameter. The relationship between the size of hole presented to the tongue and that judged by the fingers to be of equal size was not linear across the range tested. The illusion, expressed as the ratio of apparent size to real size, could be described as an hyperbolic function of stimulus size.