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Ravines are typical morphological elements of the landscape of central Apulia and south-east Basilicata, in south Italy. These are deep narrow valleys located at the south-west bound of the Apulian foreland, namely Murgia. Ravines mainly carve the poorly cemented Plio-Pleistocenic sandy levels, belonging to the unit of the Gravina Calcarenites and the underlying cretaceous limestone of Murgia platform. In particular, the upper levels of ravine flanks show collapses and fractures, which alter the landscape of ravines. This work focuses on the geometric reconstruction of the fractures and collapses on the calcarenitic levels of the east flank of the ravine of Matera. This shows a number of fractures, some of them are very recent, which are modifying the flanks, damaging the archeological heritage and precluding the access to the ravine. Therefore, identifying the open fractures and their potential triggers is important for planning a strategy of preservation of this peculiar landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared two behavioral strategies (i.e., self-monitoring [SM] and differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior [DRA]) to promote on-task behavior by three children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities during classroom activities. The first objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and the suitability of each strategy individually within a school setting, and make their systematic comparison. A second aim of the study was to assess the effects of the intervention on participants' mood as an outcome measure concerning the quality of life. The third objective was to assess the preference checks for each participant. Finally, a social validation procedure, involving 24 teachers as raters, was conducted for corroborating the clinical validity and providing the study with a formal endorsement by sensitive and expert professionals. The study was carried out according to an alternating treatment embedded in a non-concurrent multiple baseline reversal design across participants. Furthermore, a maintenance phase, three months after the end of the intervention, was realized. Results showed that both interventions were successful, increasing on-task behavior for all participants involved, as well as improving their mood. All participants preferred self-monitoring during preference checks. Raters involved in the social validation assessment considered SM as more positive than DRA. Clinical, educational, psychological and rehabilitative implications of the findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]