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The current study is about the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) of cobalt oxide (CO) and cobalt sulfide (CS) followed by their nanocomposites as CO/CS and CO/CS/CNT by ultrasonication approach. The addition of carbon-based materials in the oxides and sulfides enhances their performance by developing physico-chemical interactions. Prepared NPs were utilized for the photodegradation of organic contaminants. The characteristics, as well as the efficiency of the prepared samples, have been systematically examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-vis spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activities of bare samples and synthesized nanocomposites were tested for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) using a xenon lamp. The percentage degradation of dye was 24.14%, 57.94%, 71.66%, and 85.04% in the presence of CO, CS, CO/CS, and CO/CS/CNT, respectively. Crystal violet (CV), Rhodamine B (rho-B), and industrial wastewater were also degraded by the ternary composite. The comparative studies showed the best performance of CO/CS/CNT, which enhanced the generation of electron-hole pairs by absorption of photons of incoming radiations, increased charge separation, and maximum surface area for adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of benzofuran-pyridazine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS spectrometry. All synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase enzymes. All derivatives (3a-3h) and (4a-4b) showed a remarkable inhibitory potential greater than 89% against α-glucosidase enzyme compared to standard acarbose (42.50%), and compounds 3 b and 4a exhibited significant inhibitory potential against β-galactosidase enzyme with 50.33% and 57.67% respectively, compared to standard Queretin (52.00%). A molecular docking study was conducted to understand the binding interactions of the compounds with the active site of the α-glucosidase enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two N-isonicotinoyl arylaldehyde hydrazones named N'-(4-fluorobenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (2a) N'-(4-methylbenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (2 b) have been synthesized and characterized utilizing spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction. The s-cis isomeric geometry of 2a and 2 b is confirmed by comparing the observed stretching bond of the azomethine group with their corresponding calculated ones of s-cis and s-trans isomers for both 2a and 2 b. The s-cis geometry is in good accordance with the one obtained by X-ray techniques. The global and local electronic properties of 2a and 2 b were determined at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory. The Results reveal that the stability of s-cis isomers compared to s-trans ones is mainly refer to the intramolecular carbon-hydrogen bonding formed between lone pairs of the carbonyl group and the hydrogen atom of azomethine of 2.15 Å. The antidiabetic activity of 2a and 2 b is investigated by determining their potency to inhibit α-glucosidase. 2a and 2 b showed higher inhibitory toward α-glucosidase as compared to the reference drug acarbose. Molecular docking of 2a and 2 b into the active site of α-glucosidase showed that the higher inhibition efficiency of 2 b compared to 2a is mainly refers to the stability of 2 b-(α-glucosidase) complex compared with 2a-(α-glucosidase). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased water pollution due to the tremendous increase of dye-containing effluent is still a serious problem which, in turn, adversely affects aquatic life and, consequently, the balance of our ecosystem. The aim of this research was to investigate whether Ca-ALG/MgO/Ag nanocomposite beads successfully prepared from calcium alginate hydrogels with MgO (Ca-ALG/MgO) doped with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) caused effective degradation of Direct Red 83 dye. The formation of nanocomposite beads was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). The results from the EDX analysis proved that both MgO and Ag nanoparticles within the alginate beads network were present. This study also examines the effects of various operating parameters, such as the reducing agent, time of reaction, the concentration of the dye solution, and the catalyst dosage, which were examined and studied carefully to find the optimum degradation conditions. The kinetics and isothermal study revealed that the degradation process using Ca-ALG/MgO/Ag nanocomposite beads as a catalyst in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent was the best fit for the pseudo-first-order model and the Temkin isotherm model. The results indicated that the optimum dosage of Ca-ALG/MgO/Ag was 0.3 g for a dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and equilibrium of the degradation process was attained at 340 min. Accordingly, it could be stated that the catalyst, Ca-ALG/MgO/Ag nanocomposite beads, is considered efficient for the degradation of Direct Red 83 dye. The degradation efficiency reached 95% approximately. Furthermore, after four runs of reuse, Ca-ALG/MgO/Ag nanocomposite beads exhibited excellent performance and long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of wound dressing materials with appropriate specifications is still a challenge to overcome the current limitations of conventional medical bandages. In this regard, simple and fast methods are highly recommended, such as film casting. In addition, deliverable nanoparticles that can act to accelerate wound integration, such as samarium oxide (Sm2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO), might represent a potential design with a novel compositional combination. In the present research, the casted film of cellulose acetate (CA) was mixed with different ratios of metal oxides, such as samarium oxide (Sm2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO). The tests used for the film examination were X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM graphs of CA films represent the surface morphology of Sm2O3@CA, MgO@CA, and Sm2O3/MgO/GO@CA. It was found that the scaffolds' surface contained a high porosity ratio with diameters of 1.5–5 µm. On the other hand, the measurement of contact angle exhibits a variable trend starting from 27° to 29° for pristine CA and Sm2O3/MgO/GO@CA. The cell viability test exhibits a noticeable increase in cell growth with a decrease in the concentration. In addition, the IC50 was determined at 6 mg/mL, while the concentration of scaffolds of 20 mg/mL caused cellular growth to be around 106%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, recyclable silica supported tungstophosphoric acid (HPW/SiO2) catalyst was prepared by simple stirring method. The catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The catalyst was explored in semi aqueous condition toward synthesis of 1,8-dioxoacridine carboxylic acid derivatives. It was recycled up to four runs and a very marginal loss was detected. The targeted compounds were synthesized in a very short time period and simple work procedure with excellent yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the removal of toxic dyes by catalytic degradation is interestingly growing field, diverse types of nanomaterials are used intensively as a catalyst to enhance the catalytic degradation of toxic dyes in the last decades. The unique property of ionic crosslinking of the biopolymer sodium alginate (Na‐ALG) in presence of CaCl2 solution is exploited to prepare Ca‐alginate (Ca‐ALG) microbeads, which further used as precursor for in situ silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) formation by the effect of gamma radiation to obtain Ca‐ALG/Ag nanocomposite beads. The amount of silver ions adsorbed by the Ca‐ALG beads before reduction was evaluated by using ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis). The physicochemical properties of prepared Ca‐ALG/Ag nanocomposite beads were studied by various techniques as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for approving the creation of Ag NPs and assessing its morphology and particle magnitude. The catalytic reduction ability of the resulting Ca‐ALG/Ag nanocomposite beads is studied toward the degradation of basic blue 3 dye as a model anionic dye by the aid of the reducing agent NaBH4 under various factors including time, pH, catalyst's dosage, NaBH4 contents, and dye's initial concentration. Various kinetics and isothermal models were applied for forecasting the mechanism of the degradation process using the prepared catalyst beads. The kinetics and isothermal study revealed that the degradation process using Ca‐LG/Ag nanocomposite beads as a catalyst in presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent was best fit the pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir isotherm model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]