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1. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N. P., Singh, M. J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. A Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated to developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign. Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of in-vessel components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants are already under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. The integrated test to confirm 1MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion.

Published
2023
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3. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., Panin F., Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confir

Published
2023

5. Recent experiments with the European 1MW, 170GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K. A., Bin, W., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Fanale, F., Gantenbein, G., Genoud, J., Hogge, J.-P., Hermann, V., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G. P., Legrand, F., Lechte, C., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Rzesnicki, T., Sánchez, F., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I. G., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zisis, A., and Zein, A.

Published
2019
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7. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., Dell'Era, F., Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Goodman, T., Granucci, G., Hogge, J.-P., Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., and Viganò, F.

Published
2019
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9. Experimental verification of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW prototype gyrotron for ITER

Author

Rzesnicki, T., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K.A., Bin, W., Bonicelli, T., Braunmueller, F., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Frigot, P.-E., Gantenbein, G., Hermann, V., Hogge, J.-P., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z.C., Jin, J., Jelonnek, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G.P., Lechte, C., Lontano, M., Kobarg, T., Pagonakis, I.G., Rozier, Y., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I.G., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Vomvoridis, J.L., and Zisis, A.

Published
2017
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10. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., primary, Toigo, V., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Grando, L., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Battistella, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candela, V., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Canton, A., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cordaro, L., additional, Cruz, N., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Dan, M., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, De Nardi, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Gnesotto, F., additional, Jain, P., additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Lopez-Bruna, D., additional, Lorenzini, R., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Manfrin, S., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Mario, I., additional, Martini, G., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Patton, T., additional, Peruzzo, S., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Pomaro, N., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Rizzetto, D., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Sottocornola, A., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Tinti, P., additional, Tomsič, P., additional, Trevisan, L., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Valente, M., additional, Valisa, M., additional, Veronese, F., additional, Vignando, M., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Boilson, D., additional, Rotti, C., additional, Decamps, H., additional, Geli, F., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zacks, J., additional, Simon, M., additional, Paolucci, F., additional, Garbuglia, A., additional, Gutierrez, D., additional, Masiello, A., additional, Mico, G., additional, Labate, C., additional, Readman, P., additional, Bragulat, E., additional, Bailly-Maitre, L., additional, Gomez, G., additional, Kouzmenko, G., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Kashiwagi, M., additional, Tobari, H., additional, Kojima, A., additional, Murayama, M., additional, Hatakeyama, S., additional, Oshita, E., additional, Maejima, T., additional, Shibata, N., additional, Yamashita, Y., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Singh, N.P., additional, Singh, M.J., additional, Dhola, H., additional, Fantz, U., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Wimmer, C., additional, Wünderlich, D., additional, Tsumori, K., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Taccogna, F., additional, Bruno, D., additional, Rutigliano, M., additional, Longo, S., additional, Deambrosis, S., additional, Miorin, E., additional, Montagner, F., additional, Tonti, A., additional, and Panin, F., additional

Published
2023
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11. Tests and Qualification of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW Gyrotron in an ITER relevant configuration at SPC

Author

Goodman, T. P., Alberti, S., Genoud, J., Torreblanca, H., Albajar, F., Sanchez, F., Leggieri, A., Legrand, F., Lievin, C., Ioannidis, Z., Avramidis, K. A., Tigelis, I, Illy, S., and Hogge, J-P

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Abstract

After an initial testing period at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the upgraded EU 1 MW, 170 GHz continuous wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron (TH1509U) for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating and Current Drive (ECRH&CD) in ITER has been transferred to the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) to be tested in an ITER relevant configuration, to reach the performance level required by Fusion for Energy (F4E) to qualify it for the ITER project, and to increase the pulse length to very long pulses.

Published
2022
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12. European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW Gyrotron Prototype for ITER - long-pulse operation at KIT -

Author

Rzesnicki, T., primary, Albajar, F., additional, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Chelis, I., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Hogge, J.-P., additional, Illy, S., additional, Ioannidis, Z. C., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jin, J., additional, Leggieri, A., additional, Legrand, F., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Sanchez, F., additional, and Thumm, M, additional

Published
2022
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13. Operations with spherical calorimetric loads in different configurations at gyrotron test stands at EPFL and QST

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Lucca, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Goodman, T., J.-P., Hogge, Legrand, F., Sanchez, F., Koji, Takahashi, Albajar, F., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Granucci, G., Ryosuke, Ikeda, Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Meller, V., Minelli, Nardone, A., Yasuhisa, Oda, Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sartori, Silva, M., Simonetto, A., Thumm, M., and Tigelis, I.

Abstract

A research activity in the Institute for Plasma Science and Technology of National Research Council (ISTP-CNR, Italy, former IFP-CNR) and in L.T. Calcoli (LTC, Italy) is aimed at the design and construction of calorimetric loads for absorption and measurement of high power millimeter-waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Recently, two CW 170 GHz loads, one for the European ITER gyrotron test facility and the other for the FALCON test- bed, have been installed at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC, Switzerland). One short pulse (2 s) load for 1 MW, designed and optimised to operate at two different frequencies (84 GHz and 126 GHz), was provided for testing and conditioning two new dual-frequency gyrotrons for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV, Switzerland). Two additional CW loads, designed for absorbing powers higher than 1 MW, have been delivered to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Japan) and exploited for the acceptance tests and the conditioning of the prototype of the Japanese ITER gyrotron. The present status and the most recent experimental results achieved in the framework of this development activity are reported in the paper.

Published
2020

14. Overview of the ITER EC H&CD system and its capabilities

Author

Omori, T., Henderson, M.A., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T.S., Beckett, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J.B., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Cox, D., Darbos, C., de Baar, M.R., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassmann, T., Goodman, T.P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J.P., Illy, S., Jean, O., Jin, J., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Kumric, H., Landis, J.D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, Y., Pagonakis, I., Piosczyk, B., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Purohit, D., Ramponi, G., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D.A., Ronden, D.M.S., Rzesnicki, T., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M.A., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Strauss, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Temkin, R.J., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Udintsev, V.S., and Zohm, H.

Published
2011
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17. Experimental Results of the EU ITER Prototype Gyrotrons

Author

Gantenbein G., Albajar F., Alberti S., Avramidis K., Bin W., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Chelis J., Fanale F., Legrand F., Hermann V., Hogge J.-P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z. C., Jin J., Jelonnek J., Kasparek W., Latsas G. P., Lechte C., Lontano M., Pagonakis I. G., Rzesnicki T., Schlatter C., Schmid M., Tigelis I. G., Thumm M., Tran M. Q., Vomvoridis J. L., Zein A., and Zisis A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW industrial prototype gyrotron for ECRH&CD on ITER was under test at the KIT test facility during 2016. In order to optimize the gyrotron operation, the tube was thoroughly tested in the short-pulse regime, with pulse lengths below 10 ms, for a wide range of operational parameters. The operation was extended to longer pulses with a duration of up to 180 s. In this work we present in detail the achievements and the challenges that were faced during the long-pulse experimental campaign.

Published
2017
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19. Progress on the heating and current drive systems for ITER

Author

Jacquinot, J., Albajar, F., Beaumont, B., Becoulet, A., Bonicelli, T., Bora, D., Campbell, D., Chakraborty, A., Darbos, C., Decamps, H., Denisov, G., Goulding, R., Graceffa, J., Gassmann, T., Hemsworth, R., Henderson, M., Hoang, G.T., Inoue, T., Kobayashi, N., Lamalle, P.U., Mukherjee, A., Nightingale, M., Rasmussen, D., Rao, S.L., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sartori, R., Schunke, B., Sonato, P., Swain, D., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, M., Tanga, A., and Watanabe, K.

Published
2009
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20. Operations with Spherical Calorimetric Loads in Different Configurations at Gyrotron Test Stands at EPFL and QST

Author

Bin, W. Bruschi, A. Fanale, F. Lucca, F. Alberti, S. and Carannante, G. Cavinato, M. Goodman, T. Hogge, J-P and Legrand, F. Sanchez, F. Takahashi, K. Albajar, F. and Chelis, I Dell'Era, F. Fasel, D. Gantenbein, G. and Granucci, G. Ikeda, R. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. Jelonnek, J. Mellera, V Minelli Nardone, A. Oda, Y. Pagonakis, I Rispoli, N. Rzesnicki, T. Sartori Silva, M. and Simonetto, A. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I

Abstract

A research activity in the Institute for Plasma Science and Technology of National Research Council (ISTP-CNR, Italy, former IFP-CNR) and in L.T. Calcoli (LTC, Italy) is aimed at the design and construction of calorimetric loads for absorption and measurement of high power millimeter-waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Recently, two CW 170 GHz loads, one for the European ITER gyrotron test facility and the other for the FALCON test- bed, have been installed at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC, Switzerland). One short pulse (2 s) load for 1 MW, designed and optimised to operate at two different frequencies (84 GHz and 126 GHz), was provided for testing and conditioning two new dual-frequency gyrotrons for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable (TCV, Switzerland). Two additional CW loads, designed for absorbing powers higher than 1 MW, have been delivered to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Japan) and exploited for the acceptance tests and the conditioning of the prototype of the Japanese ITER gyrotron. The present status and the most recent experimental results achieved in the framework of this development activity are reported in the paper.

Published
2020

21. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Goodman, T., Granucci, G., J.-P., Hogge, Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., F., Viganò, Ikeda, Ryosuke, and Takahashi, Koji

Abstract

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines and the launchers, and must ensure high qualification for compatibility with the nuclear environment. The development at IFP-CNR and LTC of several compact high-power prototypes during the last decade led to a refinement of the overall design, resulting in the present low-reflectivity vacuum-compatible loads. The activity on loads is supported by F4E in view of the development of the EU gyrotron for ITER and required high-power tests at QST (Naka, Japan). Qualification is now supported by new tests at SPC (Lausanne, Switzerland) using the FALCON test-bed designed to test components and the EU gyrotron prototype for the EC system of ITER. These high-power tests, performed on the first CW prototype load (provided with 16 + 16 cooling channels in parallel) and shown in this paper, highlighted the need to improve the mechanical, vacuum and hydraulic design to reach the final goal of 1000s at ∼1 MW.

Published
2018

22. Status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system

Author

Albajar F., Aiello G., Alberti S., Arnold F., Avramidis K., Bader M., Batista R., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Braunmueller F., Brescan C., Bruschi A., von Burg B., Camino K., Carannante G., Casarin V., Castillo A., Cauvard F., Cavalieri C., Cavinato M., Chavan R., Chelis J., Cismondi F., Combescure D., Darbos C., Farina D., Fasel D., Figini L., Gagliardi M., Gandini F., Gantenbein G., Gassmann T., Gessner R., Goodman T.P., Gracia V., Grossetti G., Heemskerk C., Henderson M., Hermann V., Hogge J.P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z., Jelonnek J., Jin J., Kasparek W., Koning J., Krause A.S., Landis J.D., Latsas G., Li F., Mazzocchi F., Meier A., Moro A., Nousiainen R., Purohit D., Nowak S., Omori T., van Oosterhout J., Pacheco J., Pagonakis I., Platania P., Poli E., Preis A.K., Ronden D., Rozier Y., Rzesnicki T., Saibene G., Sanchez F., Sartori F., Sauter O., Scherer T., Schlatter C., Schreck S., Serikov A., Siravo U., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Spichiger A., Strauss D., Takahashi K., Thumm M., Tigelis I., Vaccaro A., Vomvoridis J., Tran M.Q., and Weinhorst B.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The electron cyclotron (EC) system of ITER for the initial configuration is designed to provide 20MW of RF power into the plasma during 3600s and a duty cycle of up to 25% for heating and (co and counter) non-inductive current drive, also used to control the MHD plasma instabilities. The EC system is being procured by 5 domestic agencies plus the ITER Organization (IO). F4E has the largest fraction of the EC procurements, which includes 8 high voltage power supplies (HVPS), 6 gyrotrons, the ex-vessel waveguides (includes isolation valves and diamond windows) for all launchers, 4 upper launchers and the main control system. F4E is working with IO to improve the overall design of the EC system by integrating consolidated technological advances, simplifying the interfaces, and doing global engineering analysis and assessments of EC heating and current drive physics and technology capabilities. Examples are the optimization of the HVPS and gyrotron requirements and performance relative to power modulation for MHD control, common qualification programs for diamond window procurements, assessment of the EC grounding system, and the optimization of the launcher steering angles for improved EC access. Here we provide an update on the status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system, and a summary of the global activities underway by F4E in collaboration with IO for the optimization of the subsystems.

Published
2015
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23. EC Radiative Transport and Losses in DEMO-like High-Temperature Plasmas

Author

Albajar F., Bornatici M., and Engelmann F.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Electron cyclotron (EC) wave power losses tend to play a significant role in the local electron power balance of a tokamak fusion reactor for electron temperatures above 35 keV as considered for steady-state operation. Using the RAYTEC code a comparative study of EC wave and bremsstrahlung contributions to the local and total power balance in relation to the α-particle heating power was carried out for a range of plasma conditions, wall reflection coefficients of the EC waves, and magnetic fields.

Published
2015
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24. Optimisation of the magnet system of a 200 MW steady state Tokamak

Author

Duchateau, J.L., Albajar, F., Ane, J.M., Bottereau, J.M., Bottiglioni, F., Hertout, P., Johner, J., Magaud, Ph., Turck, B., and Zabiego, M.

Subjects
Magnets -- Design and construction, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A magnet system of a 200 MW steady state tokamak was optimized closed to reactor conditions although continuing to operate at limited values of fusion power and amplification factor.

Published
2000

25. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W. Bruschi, A. Fanale, F. Francesca, M. Lucca, F. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Carannante, G. Cavinato, M. Chelis, I. Dell'Era, F. Fasel, D. Gantenbein, G. Goodman, T. Granucci, G. Hogge, J.-P. Ikeda, R. Ioannidis, Z. Legrand, F. Mellera, V. Minelli, D. Nardone, A. Pagonakis, I. Rispoli, N. Rzesnicki, T. Sanchez, F. Spinicchia, N. Takahashi, K. Tigelis, I. Viganò, F.

Abstract

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines and the launchers, and must ensure high qualification for compatibility with the nuclear environment. The development at IFP-CNR and LTC of several compact high-power prototypes during the last decade led to a refinement of the overall design, resulting in the present low-reflectivity vacuum-compatible loads. The activity on loads is supported by F4E in view of the development of the EU gyrotron for ITER and required high-power tests at QST (Naka, Japan). Qualification is now supported by new tests at SPC (Lausanne, Switzerland) using the FALCON test-bed designed to test components and the EU gyrotron prototype for the EC system of ITER. These high-power tests, performed on the first CW prototype load (provided with 16 + 16 cooling channels in parallel) and shown in this paper, highlighted the need to improve the mechanical, vacuum and hydraulic design to reach the final goal of 1000s at ∼1 MW. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2019

26. Recent experiments with the European 1MW, 170GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z.C. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K.A. Bin, W. Bonicelli, T. Bruschi, A. Chelis, J. Fanale, F. Gantenbein, G. Genoud, J. Hogge, J.-P. Hermann, V. Illy, S. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Kasparek, W. Latsas, G.P. Legrand, F. Lechte, C. Pagonakis, I.G. Rzesnicki, T. Sánchez, F. Schlatter, C. Schmid, M. Tigelis, I.G. Thumm, M. Tran, M.Q. Zisis, A. Zein, A.

Abstract

The European Gyrotron Consortium (EGYC) is developing the European 1 MW, 170 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron for ITER in cooperation with Thales Electron Devices (TED) and Fusion for Energy (F4E). This conventional, hollow-cavity gyrotron, is based on the 1 MW, 170 GHz Short-Pulse (SP) modular gyrotron that has been designed and manufactured by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in collaboration with TED. Both gyrotrons have been tested successfully in multiple experiments. In this work we briefly report on the results with the CW gyrotron at KIT and we focus at the experiments at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC). In addition, we present preliminary results from various upgrades of the SP tube that are currently tested at KIT. © 2018

Published
2019

27. Experiments with the EU 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial prototype gyrotron for ITER at KIT

Author

Ioannidis, ZC (Ioannidis, Zisis C.)[ 1 ], Rzesnicki, T (Rzesnicki, Tomasz)[ 1 ], Albajar, F (Albajar, F.)[ 7 ], Alberti, S (Alberti, S.)[ 2 ], Avramidis, KA (Avramidis, Konstantinos A.)[ 1 ], Bin, W (Bin, William)[ 5 ], Bonicelli, T (Bonicelli, T.)[ 7 ], Bruschi, A (Bruschi, Alessandro)[ 5 ], Chelis, I (Chelis, Ioannis)[ 4 ], Frigot, PE (Frigot, P. -E.)[ 7 ], Gantenbein, G (Gantenbein, Gerd)[ 1 ], Hermann, V (Hermann, V.)[ 6 ], Hogge, JP (Hogge, J. -P.)[ 2 ], Illy, S (Illy, Stefan)[ 1 ], Jin, J (Jin, Jianbo)[ 1 ], Jelonnek, J (Jelonnek, John)[ 1 ], Kasparek, W (Kasparek, W.)[ 3 ], Latsas, G (Latsas, G.)[ 4 ], Lechte, C (Lechte, C.)[ 3 ], Legrand, F (Legrand, F.)[ 6 ], Kobarg, T (Kobarg, Thorsten)[ 1 ], Pagonakis, IG (Pagonakis, Ioannis Gr.)[ 1 ], Rozier, Y (Rozier, Y.)[ 6 ], Schlatter, C (Schlatter, C.)[ 2 ], Schmid, M (Schmid, Martin)[ 1 ], Tigelis, IG (Tigelis, Ioannis G.)[ 4 ], Thumm, M (Thumm, Manfred)[ 1 ], Tran, MQ (Tran, M. Q.)[ 2 ], Zein, A (Zein, Andy)[ 1 ], and Zisis, A (Zisis, A.)[ 4 ]

Subjects
Electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive (ECRH&CD); gyrotron, international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER)
Abstract

The European 1-MW, 170-GHz continuous wave industrial prototype gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive on international thermonuclear experimental reactor was during 2016 under test at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) test facility. In order to optimize the gyrotron operation, the tube was at first thoroughly tested in the short-pulse regime, with pulses that did not exceed 10 ms, for a wide range of operational parameters. Then, and after proper conditioning of the tube, the operation was extended to longer pulses with duration up to 180 s, which is the maximum pulselength possible at the KIT test facility. In this paper, we present in detail the achievements of the long-pulse experimental campaign.

Published
2017

28. EC Radiative Transport in the Presence of Anisotropic Distributions of Suprathermal Electrons

Author

Engelmann F., Bornatici M., and Albajar F.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The RAYTEC code for electron cyclotron (EC) wave radiative transport modelling of fusion plasmas which earlier had been generalised to include a population of suprathermal electrons to cover EC radiative transport in the presence of an anisotropic distribution of suprathermal electrons in the form of a one-sided loss- or anti-loss-cone in pitch angle, has been modified and, furthermore, now also covers inverted loss-cone and anti-loss-cone distributions. This offers the possibility of dealing with anisotropic distributions symmetric in the electron velocity parallel to the magnetic field, as typical for the case of EC wave heating. Practical issues related to this approach are displayed and the impact of various choices of suprathermal populations on net EC wave power emission from a fusion plasma is evaluated and discussed.

Published
2012
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29. Recent progress in the development of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW gyrotron for ITER

Author

Gantenbein, G., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K., Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Fanale, F., Legrand, F., Hermann, V., Hogge, J. P., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Jelonnek, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G. P., Lechte, C., Lontano, M., Pagonakis, I. G., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, P., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I. G., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zein, A., and Zisis, A.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

30. Long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load tests and developments

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., Dell'Era, F., Gantenbein, Gerd, Goodman, T., Granucci, G., Hogge, J. P., Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., and Vigano, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

32. Recent experiments with the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW and modular SP prototype gyrotron for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., Rzesnicki, T., Avramidis, K., Gantenbein, Gerd, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Jin, J., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Schmid, M., Thumm, Manfred, Zein, A., Hermann, V., Legrand, F., Kasparek, W., Lechte, C., Alberti, S., Genoud, J., Hogge, J. P., Schlatter, C., Tran, M. Q., Chelis, J., Latsas, G. P., Tigelis, I. G., Zisis, A., Bruschi, A., Bin, W., Fanale, F., Albajar, F., Bonicelli, T., and Sanchez, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

33. Experimental verification of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW prototype gyrotron for ITER

Author

Rzesnicki, T. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K.A. Bin, W. Bonicelli, T. Braunmueller, F. Bruschi, A. Chelis, J. Frigot, P.-E. Gantenbein, G. Hermann, V. Hogge, J.-P. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z.C. Jin, J. Jelonnek, J. Kasparek, W. Latsas, G.P. Lechte, C. Lontano, M. Kobarg, T. Pagonakis, I.G. Rozier, Y. Schlatter, C. Schmid, M. Tigelis, I.G. Thumm, M. Tran, M.Q. Vomvoridis, J.L. Zisis, A.

Abstract

The EU 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron with hollow cylindrical cavity have been designed within the European GYrotron Consortium (EGYC) in collaboration with the industrial partner Thales Electron Devices (TED) and under the coordination of Fusion for Energy (F4E). In the frame of the EU program, the short-pulse (SP) version of this tube was designed and manufactured by KIT in collaboration with TED. The experimental verification of the SP gyrotron prototype was successfully completed in 2015. The achieved experimental results show a very stable gyrotron operation with RF output power above 1 MW at good cavity interaction efficiency around 35%. The gyrotron was operated up to 10 ms pulse length; the nominal cavity mode TE32,9 has been excited at the frequency 170.1 GHz in agreement with the corresponding ITER specification. The Gaussian mode content of the output RF beam was about 98% and the total level of internal stray radiation was in the range of 2–3%. The manufacturing of the first industrial continuous-wave (CW) prototype gyrotron, based on the SP gyrotron design, was completed in November 2015 at TED. The tube was delivered to KIT and the experimental verification started in February 2016. Operation of the gyrotron with ms pulse duration resulted in stable excitation of the nominal mode at 170.22 GHz for a wide range of operating parameters and with a level of stray radiation comparable with the SP version. The maximum RF power achieved up to now in short-pulse operation at a level of 1 MW. The measured Gaussian mode content of the RF beam is 97%. Currently, further preparation for the CW operation of the gyrotron is in progress. © 2017

Published
2017

34. CW Experiments with the EU 1-MW, 170-GHz Industrial Prototype Gyrotron for ITER at KIT

Author

Ioannidis, Z.C. Rzesnicki, T. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K.A. Bin, W. Bonicelli, T. Bruschi, A. Chelis, I. Frigot, P.-E. Gantenbein, G. Hermann, V. Hogge, J.-P. Illy, S. Jin, J. Jelonnek, J. Kasparek, W. Latsas, G. Lechte, C. Legrand, F. Kobarg, T. Pagonakis, I.G. Rozier, Y. Schlatter, C. Schmid, M. Tigelis, I.G. Thumm, M. Tran, M.Q. Zein, A. Zisis, A.

Abstract

The European 1-MW, 170-GHz continuous wave industrial prototype gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive on international thermonuclear experimental reactor was during 2016 under test at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) test facility. In order to optimize the gyrotron operation, the tube was at first thoroughly tested in the short-pulse regime, with pulses that did not exceed 10 ms, for a wide range of operational parameters. Then, and after proper conditioning of the tube, the operation was extended to longer pulses with duration up to 180 s, which is the maximum pulselength possible at the KIT test facility. In this paper, we present in detail the achievements of the long-pulse experimental campaign. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Published
2017

35. An overview of the ITER electron cyclotron H&CD system

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Temkin, Richard J., Temkin, Richard J, Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., de Baar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T. P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J. P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J. D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Paganakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pioscyzyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S. L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zohm, H., Zucca, C., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Temkin, Richard J., Temkin, Richard J, Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., de Baar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T. P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J. P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J. D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Paganakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pioscyzyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S. L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zohm, H., and Zucca, C.

Abstract

This paper reviews the design and functionality of the 24 MW 170 GHz electron cyclotron heating and current drive system being planned for the ITER Tokamak. The sub-systems (power supplies, gyrotrons, transmission lines and launcher antennas) are described based on present day technologies, while on-going R&D provides component and sub-system testing with the possibility of increasing the reliability of the overall EC system. Modifications to the steering ranges of the launching antennas are under investigation that can improve the functional capabilities of the EC system without increasing cost and relaxing the engineering constraints.

Published
2017

36. CW Experiments With the EU 1-MW, 170-GHz Industrial Prototype Gyrotron for ITER at KIT

Author

Ioannidis, Zisis C., primary, Rzesnicki, Tomasz, additional, Albajar, F., additional, Alberti, S., additional, Avramidis, Konstantinos A., additional, Bin, William, additional, Bonicelli, T., additional, Bruschi, Alessandro, additional, Chelis, Ioannis, additional, Frigot, P.-E., additional, Gantenbein, Gerd, additional, Hermann, V., additional, Hogge, J.-P., additional, Illy, Stefan, additional, Jin, Jianbo, additional, Jelonnek, John, additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Latsas, G., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Legrand, F., additional, Kobarg, Thorsten, additional, Pagonakis, Ioannis Gr., additional, Rozier, Y., additional, Schlatter, C., additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Tigelis, Ioannis G., additional, Thumm, Manfred, additional, Tran, M. Q., additional, Zein, Andy, additional, and Zisis, A., additional

Published
2017
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37. Progress of The Experiments With the European 1Mw, 170Ghz Industrial Cw Prototype Gyrotron For Iter

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., primary, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Avramidis, K., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jin, J., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Zein, A., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Alberti, S., additional, Braunmueller, F., additional, Hogge, J. -P., additional, Schlatter, C., additional, Genoud, J., additional, Tran, M. Q., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Chelis, J., additional, Latsas, G. P., additional, Zisis, A., additional, Tigelis, I. G., additional, Bruschi, A., additional, Bin, W., additional, Lontano, M., additional, Hermann, V., additional, Rozier, Y., additional, Legrand, F., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Bonicelli, T., additional, and Frigot, P. -E., additional

Published
2017
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38. Numerical studies on the influence of cavity thermal expansion on the performance of a high-power gyrotron

Author

Avramidis, K. A., primary, Gantenbein, G., additional, Ioannidis, Z. C., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Cau, F., additional, Cismondi, F., additional, Bertinetti, A., additional, Savoldi, L., additional, Zanino, R., additional, Rozier, Y., additional, and Legrand, F., additional

Published
2017
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39. First CW experiments with the EU ITER 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial prototype gyrotron

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., primary, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Avramidis, K., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jin, J., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Hermann, V., additional, Rozier, Y., additional, Legrand, F., additional, Alberti, S., additional, Braunmueller, F., additional, Hogge, J.-P., additional, Schlatter, C., additional, Genoud, J., additional, Tran, M. Q., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Vomvoridis, J. L., additional, Chelis, J., additional, Latsas, G. P., additional, Zisis, A., additional, Tigelis, I. G., additional, Bruschi, A., additional, Bin, W., additional, Lontano, M., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Bonicelli, T., additional, and Frigot, P.-E., additional

Published
2017
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40. Status of the development of the EU 170 GHz/1 MW/CW gyrotron

Author

Pagonakis, I.G. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. Bonicelli, T. Braunmueller, F. Bruschi, A. Chelis, I. Cismondi, F. Gantenbein, G. Hermann, V. Hesch, K. Hogge, J.-P. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z.C. Kobarg, T. Latsas, G.P. Legrand, F. Lontano, M. Piosczyk, B. Rozier, Y. Rzesnicki, T. Samartsev, A. Schlatter, C. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I.G. Tran, M.-Q. Tran, T.-M. Weggen, J. Vomvoridis, J.L.

Abstract

The progress in the development of the European 170 GHz, 1 MW/CW gyrotron for electron cyclotron heating & current drive (ECH&CD) on ITER is reported. A continuous wave (CW) prototype is being manufactured by Thales Electron Devices (TED), France, while a short-pulse (SP) prototype gyrotron is in parallel under manufacture at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), with the purpose of validating the design of the CW industrial prototype components. The fabrication of most of the sub-assemblies of the SP prototype has been completed. In a first step, an existing magnetron injection gun (MIG) available at KIT was used. Despite this non-ideal configuration, the experiments provided a validation of the design, substantiated by an excellent agreement with numerical simulations. The tube, operated without a depressed collector, is able to produce more than 1 MW of output power with efficiency in excess of 30%, as expected, and compatible with the ITER requirements. © 2015 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

Published
2015

41. From series production of gyrotrons for W7-X toward EU-1 MW gyrotrons for ITER

Author

Jelonnek, J. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. Benin, P. Bonicelli, T. Cismondi, F. Erckmann, V. Gantenbein, G. Hesch, K. Hogge, J.-P. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z.C. Jin, J. Laqua, H. Latsas, G.P. Legrand, F. Michel, G. Pagonakis, I.G. Piosczyk, B. Rozier, Y. Rzesnicki, T. Tigelis, I.G. Thumm, M. Tran, M.Q. Vomvoridis, J.L.

Abstract

Europe is devoting significant joint efforts to develop and to manufacture MW-level gyrotrons for electron cyclotron heating and current drive of future plasma experiments. The two most important ones are the stellarator Wendelstein W7-X at Greifswald and the Tokamak ITER at Cadarache. While the series production of the 140 GHz, 1 MW, CW gyrotrons for the 10-MW electron cyclotron resonance heating system of stellarator W7-X is proceeding, the European GYrotron Consortium is presently developing the EU-1 MW, 170 GHz, CW gyrotron for ITER. The initial design had already been initiated in 2007, as a risk mitigation measure during the development of the advanced ITER EU-2-MW coaxial-cavity gyrotron. The target of the ITER EU-1-MW conventional-cavity design is to benefit as much as possible from the experiences made during the development and series production of the W7-X gyrotron and of the experiences gained from the earlier EU-2-MW coaxial-cavity gyrotron design. Hence, the similarity of the construction will be made visible in this paper. During 2012, the scientific design of the ITER EU-1-MW gyrotron components has been finalized. In collaboration with the industrial partner Thales electron devices, Vélizy, France, the industrial design of the technological parts of the gyrotron is being completed. A short-pulse prototype is under development to support the design of the CW prototype tube. The technological path toward the EU ITER-1 MW gyrotron and the final design will be presented. © 2013 IEEE.

Published
2014

43. Status and experimental results of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW prototype Gyrotron for ITER

Author

Hogge, J.-P., primary, Albajar, F., additional, Alberti, S., additional, Avramidis, K., additional, Bin, W., additional, Bonicelli, T., additional, Braunmueller, F., additional, Bruschi, A., additional, Chelis, J., additional, Frigot, P.-E., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Hermann, V., additional, Illy, S., additional, Ioannidis, Z. C., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jin, J., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Latsas, G. P., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Lontano, M., additional, Losert, M., additional, Pagonakis, I. G., additional, Rozier, Y., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Schlatter, C., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Tigelis, I. G., additional, Tran, M. Q., additional, Vomvoridis, J. L., additional, and Zisis, A. I., additional

Published
2016
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44. Present Status of the 24 MW, 170 GHz ITER EC H&CD system

Author

Henderson M. A., Albajar F., Alberti S., Baruah U., Bigelow T., Becket B., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Caughman J., Chavan R., Cirant S., Darbos C., de Baar M., Denisov G., Farina D., Gandini F., Gassman T., Goodman T.P. Heidinger R., Hogge J.P., Kajiwara K., Kasparek W., Kasugai A., Kern S., Kobayashi N., Landis J.D., LitvaK A., Moro A., Myasnikov V., Nazare C., Oda Y., Omori T., Pagonakis I., Parmar D., Peters B., Platania P, Plaum B., Poli E., Porte L., Piosczyk B., Purohit D., Ramponi G., Rao S. L., Rasmussen D., Ronden D., Saibene G., Sakamoto K., Sanchez F., Scherer T., Schreck S., Singh N.P., Shapiro M., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Strauss D., Sauter O., Tai E., Takahashi K., Temkin R., Thomas P.., Thumm M., and Zohm H.

Subjects
____
Abstract

___

Published
2011

45. Status of the ITER Electron Cyclotron H&CD System

Author

Darbos C., Albajar F., Alberti S., Bruschi A., Cirant S., Farina D., Moro A., Platania P., Ramponi G., and Sozzi C.

Subjects
ITER, Electron Cyclotron, Plasma physics
Abstract

_

Published
2010

46. An overview of the ITER ECH&CD system and functional capabilities

Author

Henderson M.A., Albajar F., Alberti S., Baruah U., Bigelow T., Becket B., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Caughman J., Chavan R., Cirant S., Collazos A., Cox A., Darbos C., de Baar M., Denisov G., Farina D., Gandini F., Gassman T., Goodman T.P. Heidinger R., Hogge J.P., Illy S., Jean O., Jin J., Kajiwara K., Kasparek W., Kasugai A., Kern S., Kobayashi N., Kumric H., Landis J.D., Moro A., Nazare C., Oda Y., Omori T., Paganakis I., Piosczyk B., Platania P., Plaum B., Poli E., Porte L., Purohit D., Ramponi G., Rzesnicki T., Rao S.L., Rasmussen D., Ronde D., Saibene G., Sakamoto K., Sanchez F., Scherer T., Shapiro M., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Strauss D., Sauter O., Takahashi K., Tanga A., Temkin R., Thumm M., Tran M.Q., Udintsev V.S., Zohm H., and Zucca C.

Subjects
____
Abstract

Articolo numero ITR/P1-10

Published
2010

48. First experimental results from the European union 2-MW coaxial cavity ITER gyrotron prototype

Author

Hogge J. P., Goodman T. P., Alberti S., Albajar F., Avramides K. A., Benin P., Bethuys S., Bin W., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Cirant S., Droz E., Dumbrajs O., Fasel D., Gandini F., Gantenbein G., Illy S., Jawla S., Jin J., Kern S., Lavanchy P., Liévin C., Marletaz, Marmillod P., Perez A., Piosczyk B., Pagonakis I., Porte L., Rzesnickl T., Siravo U., Thumm M., and Tran M. Q.

Subjects
high-power microwave sources, ITER, gyrotrons
Abstract

The European Union is working toward providing 2-MW, coaxial-cavity, continuous-wave (cw) 170-GHz gyrotrons for ITER. Their design is based on results,from an experimental preprototype tube having a pulse length of several milliseconds, in operation at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) for several years now. The first industrial prototype tube was designed for cw operation but, in a first phase, aimed at a pulse length of 1 s at the European Gyrotron Test Facility in Lausanne, Switzerland, as part of a phased testing/development program. (1 s, 60 s, cw). The first experimental results of the operation of this prototype gyrotron are reported here. The microwave generation was characterized at very short pulse length (

Published
2009

50. Recent progress in the ITER EC H&CD system

Author

Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., DeBaar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T.P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J.P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J.D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Pagonakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Piosczyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Temkin, R., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Zohm, H., and Zucca, C.

Subjects
ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Published
2009

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