Search

Your search keyword '"Alazard M"' showing total 15 results
Start Over Author "Alazard M"
15 results on '"Alazard M"'

5. Les processus de recharge superficielle des aquifères méditerranéens au cœur de la gestion durable des ressources en eau souterraine

Author

Ruy, Stephane, Alkassem Alosman, Mohamed, Alazard, M., Baillieux, Antoine, Banton, Olivier, Belaud, Gilles, Bouhlila, Rachida, Boulet, Gérard, Bouteffeha, Maroua, Chanzy, Andre, Chkir, N., Cognard-Plancq, Anne Laure, Dagès, Cécile, Fakir, Y., Jacob, Frédéric, Gillon, Marina, Grünberger, Olivier, Lecharpentier, Patrice, Leduc, Christian, Molenat, Jérôme, Olioso, Albert, Ruget, Francoise, Simonneaux, Vincent, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ENIT-LMHE, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratory of Radio-Analysis and Environment (LRAE), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), UCAM, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Modélisation en Hydraulique et Environnement [Tunis] (LR-LMHE ENIT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). FRA., Laboratoire d'Hydrogéologie d'Avignon (LHA), Avignon Université (AU), Université Tunis El Manar (UTM), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Electronique et Instrumentation (LEI), FSSM-UCAM, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des interactions entre sols, agrosystèmes et hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
aquifère, hydrogéologie, sustainable management, télédétection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], recharge de la nappe, water budget, gestion durable, bassin méditerranéen, eau souterraine, remote sensing, bilan hydrologique, hydrogeology, processus de surface, interaction eau de surface eau souterraine, groundwater, groundwater replenishment, adaptation au changement climatique, bilan hydrique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Dans de nombreuses régions du pourtour méditerranéen, les aquifères superficiels subissent une pression importante sous l’effet des changements climatiques, de l’évolution de l’usage des sols et des pratiques agricoles (irrigation, pompage). Leur recharge est extrêmement variable au cours du temps et dans l'espace, en raison même de la variabilité du climat méditerranéen, mais également en raison des activités anthropiques (irrigation et pratiques agricoles, aménagements hydro-agricoles -retenues, barrage-). Ces activités modifient le partage entre eau de surface et eau souterraine. Elles impactent également la recharge des aquifères qui peut dépendre pour partie d’apports d’eau extérieure à la zone d’exploitation de l’aquifère, recueillie dans les zones amonts ou apportées au travers d’infrastructures hydrauliques. Ceci, combiné à un temps de réponse rapide de l’aquifère, accroit sa vulnérabilité. De plus, dans les zones irriguées, l’irrigation est à la fois un prélèvement par pompage et une recharge potentielle qui peut être vecteur de contamination. L’exploitation durable de ces eaux souterraines devra donc s’appuyer sur la connaissance des mécanismes de recharge de ces aquifères qui devra être localisée et quantifiée et dont le contrôle par les aménagements (retenues, périmètres irrigués) devra être précisé. Trois projets SICMED (Crau, Lebna, Resamed) ont abordé cette problématique en combinant observations, expérimentations et modélisations. Quatre régions ont été étudiées : la plaine de la Crau (Sud de la France), le bassin versant du Lebna et la plaine de Kairouan (Tunisie), la plaine de Haouz (Maroc). Différents modèles adaptés aux problématiques et contextes locaux ont été développés en combinant modèles de bilan hydrique, d’irrigation, de culture, hydrologique et hydrogéologique. Ils sont confrontés à des suivis par télédétection ou géochimiques/isotopiques dans les différents compartiments du système. Sur chacun des sites, les processus dominants de recharge ont été identifiés, localisés, quantifiés et, dans certains cas, spatialisés. Les perspectives sont d’une part d’approfondir la compréhension des interactions entre processus de surface et processus souterrains impliqués dans le cycle de l’eau, d’aborder les problématiques de qualité et de mieux quantifier l’effet des pratiques de gestion sur l’ensemble des flux. D’autre part, dans certains cas le degré de connaissance et de représentation du système permet d’envisager une utilisation des modèles dans une optique plus opérationnelle.

Published
2014

7. Serum sensitivity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid strain

Author

Schiller, N L, Alazard, M J, and Borowski, R S

Abstract

The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 144M (a mucoid strain isolated from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient) to the bactericidal activity of pooled fresh normal human serum (FHS) was examined. FHS at concentrations of greater than or equal to 2.5% was capable of killing greater than 95% of strain 144M. Strain 144M was killed by FHS in a dose-dependent manner. Although either immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG was bactericidal in the presence of complement, IgM was about 10 times as effective as IgG. However, optimal killing activity required both IgM and IgG and complement, activated by the classical pathway. A role for lysozyme in the killing of 144M was demonstrated only when low concentrations of FHS were used. In contrast to 144M, P. aeruginosa strains 144NM and 144M(SR) were totally resistant to FHS at all of the concentrations tested (up to 50%). Neither the FHS susceptibility of 144M nor the FHS resistance of 144NM or 144M(SR) was altered by choice of growth medium, growth phase, or temperature of growth. Results of absorption studies with whole organisms, isolated outer membrane preparations, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from each strain suggest that the antigen(s) which binds the bactericidal immunoglobulins is accessible on the surface of 144M but not on the surface of 144NM or 144M(SR), is insensitive to trypsin treatment, and is believed to be LPS. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the three LPS preparations demonstrated that 144M LPS contained primarily lipid-A-core polysaccharide components, whereas the LPS from 144NM and 144M(SR) were heterogeneous, with various degrees of O-side-chain substitution. These results suggest that at least one target for bactericidal antibody on the surface of 144M is contained in the rough LPS of this strain.

Published
1984
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Conceptual model of flow and transport for a hard rock aquifer-Musi River microwatershed case study. Saph Pani Deliverable 3.2. [Project report of the Enhancement of Natural Water Systems and Treatment Methods for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in India (Saph Pani)]

Author

Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Boisson, A., Jampani, Mahesh, Pavelic, Paul, Sonkamble, S., Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Boisson, A., Jampani, Mahesh, Pavelic, Paul, and Sonkamble, S.

9. Modelling of natural water treatment systems in India: Learning from the Saph Pani case studies

Author

Kloppmann, W., Sandhu, C., Groeschke, M., Pandian, R.S., Picot-Colbeau, G., Fahimuddin, M., Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Bhola, P., Boisson, A., Elango, L., Feistel, U., Fischer, S., Kloppmann, W., Sandhu, C., Groeschke, M., Pandian, R.S., Picot-Colbeau, G., Fahimuddin, M., Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Bhola, P., Boisson, A., Elango, L., Feistel, U., and Fischer, S.

10. Conceptual model of flow and transport for a hard rock aquifer-Musi River microwatershed case study. Saph Pani Deliverable 3.2. [Project report of the Enhancement of Natural Water Systems and Treatment Methods for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in India (Saph Pani)]

Author

Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Boisson, A., Jampani, Mahesh, Pavelic, Paul, Sonkamble, S., Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Boisson, A., Jampani, Mahesh, Pavelic, Paul, and Sonkamble, S.

11. Modelling of natural water treatment systems in India: Learning from the Saph Pani case studies

Author

Kloppmann, W., Sandhu, C., Groeschke, M., Pandian, R.S., Picot-Colbeau, G., Fahimuddin, M., Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Bhola, P., Boisson, A., Elango, L., Feistel, U., Fischer, S., Kloppmann, W., Sandhu, C., Groeschke, M., Pandian, R.S., Picot-Colbeau, G., Fahimuddin, M., Ahmed, S., Alazard, M., Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Bhola, P., Boisson, A., Elango, L., Feistel, U., and Fischer, S.

12. Preventing the risk of coronary injury in posteroseptal accessory pathway ablation in children: different strategies and advantages of fluoroscopy integrated 3D-mapping system (CARTO-UNIVU™).

Author

Alazard M, Lacotte J, Horvilleur J, Ait-Said M, Salerno F, Manenti V, Piechaud JF, Garot J, Bonnet D, and Maltret A

Subjects
Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle diagnostic imaging, Adolescent, Catheter Ablation methods, Child, Cohort Studies, Coronary Angiography methods, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging, Electrocardiography methods, Female, Fluoroscopy methods, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle surgery, Catheter Ablation adverse effects, Coronary Vessels injuries, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Intraoperative Complications prevention & control
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate various strategies in order to minimize the risk of coronary injury during posteroseptal accessory pathways ablation in children., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 68 posteroseptal accessory pathways ablation procedures (20 decremental and 48 typical accessory pathways) performed in 62 pediatric patients at our institution between July 2009 and December 2016. Only posteroseptal accessory pathways targeted near or within the coronary sinus were included and ablation was mostly performed using irrigated tip radiofrequency., Results: Median patient age was 11 years with a median body weight of 39 kg. Thirty patients underwent a coronary angiogram, 21 were coupled to the 3D navigation system CARTO-UNIVU™. The coronary angiogram showed a distance of less than 5 mm between the coronary artery and the ablation site in 40% of our cases; 3 patients had a coronary injury related to RF ablation, 6 patients were switched for cryoablation, 3 patients received limited RF energy (20 W). There were no demographic data predicting the proximity of the coronary artery to the ablation site., Conclusion: Ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways specifically in children carries a risk of coronary artery injury which is probably underestimated. The use of merged 3D images and coronary angiograms, the reduction of RF energy or the switch to cryoablation are possible alternatives to limit the risk of coronary injury.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Modeling of Amiodarone Effect on Heart Rate Control in Critically Ill Patients with Atrial Tachyarrhythmias.

Author

Salem JE, El-Aissaoui M, Alazard M, Hulot JS, Aissaoui N, Le-Heuzey JY, Funck-Brentano C, Faisy C, and Urien S

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amiodarone pharmacokinetics, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents pharmacokinetics, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Cohort Studies, Dobutamine administration & dosage, Dobutamine pharmacology, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Magnesium Sulfate administration & dosage, Magnesium Sulfate pharmacology, Male, Middle Aged, Sympathomimetics administration & dosage, Sympathomimetics pharmacology, Amiodarone administration & dosage, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents administration & dosage, Critical Illness therapy, Drug Design, Heart Rate drug effects, Tachycardia drug therapy
Abstract

Aims: Amiodarone is the gold-standard medication to control heart rate in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs); however, effective doses and covariates influencing its efficacy remain unknown. We therefore performed pharmacodynamic modeling of heart rate reduction induced by amiodarone in these patients., Methods and Results: This observational study included 80 consecutive severely ill patients receiving amiodarone to treat ATs. A total of 1348 time-heart rate observations with 361 amiodarone dose administrations were analyzed during a period of up to 6 days after hospital treatment initiation using a nonlinear mixed-effect model. Pretreatment with amiodarone before intensive care administration, paroxysmal versus persistent AT, catecholamine infusion, and fluid and magnesium loading were among the covariates assessed in the model. In case of paroxysmal AT in a patient not pretreated with amiodarone, a 300 mg intravenous loading dose combined with an 800 mg oral dose on the first day, followed by 800 mg/day orally for 4 days was effective in achieving a heart rate between 80 and 115 bpm within the first day, and to maintain it during the next 4 days. Corresponding doses were twice as high in patients with persistent AT. Use of intravenous magnesium (p < 0.02) and fluid loading (p < 0.02) was associated with an earlier and greater heart rate decrease, while use of dobutamine had an opposite influence (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: In critically ill patients with AT, the dose of amiodarone required to control heart rate is influenced by the type of AT and by other easily measurable conditions which may allow better individualization of amiodarone dosing.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin in atopic dermatitis and hyper-IgE syndrome.

Author

Wakim M, Alazard M, Yajima A, Speights D, Saxon A, and Stiehm ER

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies pharmacology, Antigens, CD analysis, B-Lymphocytes immunology, CD40 Antigens immunology, Cells, Cultured, Child, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eczema pathology, Flow Cytometry, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Immunoglobulin E biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin E drug effects, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous adverse effects, Interleukin-4 pharmacology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Lymphocyte Activation, Middle Aged, Monocytes immunology, Prednisone administration & dosage, Radioallergosorbent Test, Receptors, IgE analysis, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Dermatitis, Atopic therapy, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous administration & dosage, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Job Syndrome therapy
Abstract

Background: High dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that might benefit illnesses with exaggerated IgE responses including atopic dermatitis and hyper-IgE immunodeficiency syndrome., Objective: To determine if high-dose IVIG would be of benefit to patients with severe atopic dermatitis and/or hyper-IgE syndrome using serial clinical, pulmonary, and laboratory studies for evaluation., Methods: This was an open label study in which we gave patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (n = 1) or severe atopic dermatitis (n = 9) IVIG as a 10% solution (Venoglobulin I-Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, Los Angeles, CA) at a dose of 2 g/kg every 30 days for seven infusions., Results: Therapy was completed in nine of the ten patients. Skin disease improved slightly in six patients, remained unchanged in two patients, and worsened slightly in one patient. The average daily prednisone dosage was 6.8 mg/day prior to treatment and 5.1 mg/day during IVIG therapy (P = .1250). The three patients with abnormal pulmonary function showed very mild improvement of pulmonary function during treatment, but returned to baseline during follow-up. Flow cytometric studies showed no consistent pattern of change. IgA and IgM levels were unchanged. The mean serum IgE levels went from 3221+/-2454 IU/mL (SD) before IVIG to 2944+/-2491 IU/mL (P = .4609) during IVIG and then to 2321+/-2229 IU/mL (P = .1484) during the 6-month follow-up period. In vitro IgE production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following IL-4 and anti-CD40 stimulation before IVIG was 6.6+/-3.1 ng/mL (SD) and 4.3+/-3.1 ng/mL (P = .1641) after six IVIG treatments. There were no significant trends in lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA (phytohemaglutinin), Candida, tetanus, and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing showed no clear changes from positivity to negativity., Conclusion: We conclude that IVIG was of no clear clinical benefit in these nine patients and did not significantly decrease IgE levels, IgE synthesis, or other measures of immunologic function.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results