Search

Teachers' proactive and reactive classroom management strategies are a significant component of teaching effectiveness. Teachers need to develop such strategies to structure a positive classroom environment. In addition, teachers' self-efficacy beliefs concerning their classroom management strategies are equally significant. This research aimed to identify the teachers' effective proactive and reactive classroom management strategies. It also sought to investigate the obstacles that inhibit proactive classroom management use and identify the association between teachers' self-efficacy and classroom management practices. The research adopted a mixed-methods paradigm, consisting of two tools: a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The sampling included 80 Saudi teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) participated in the survey and eight teachers participated in the interviews. The results showed that EFL teachers find proactive classroom management strategies more effective than reactive strategies. In addition, there was a difference between novice and experienced teachers' effective classroom management strategies, in which experienced teachers found proactive strategies more effective. The findings also indicated that there are four types of obstacles that hinder proactive classroom management strategies. System-related obstacles (subject-centered curriculum and institutional rules), system/teacher related obstacles (institutional rules and teachers' predispositions concerning e-tools), teacher-related obstacles (lack of understanding of the discipline plan), and student-related obstacles (unmotivated students). The final finding cited the positive association between teachers' high self-efficacy and proactive classroom management application.

Abstract The modern world is facing the issue of emerging pollutants for its sustainable development. We report a detailed study on the abatement of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by Be12O12 nanocage. Five different geometries of Be12O12 nanocage with CIP i.e., Com-A, Com-B, Com-C, Com-D and Com-E are optimized. All the complexes show chemisorption with the highest adsorption energies (E ads) of − 39.86 kcal/mol for Com-E followed by Com-A, Com-B, Com-C and Com-D without any structural change. The O and F atoms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) interacts strongly with the Be atoms of the nanocage respectively. Charge transfer from the nanocage to CIP reveals strong interaction in all the optimized complexes, with maximum charge transfer of -0.199 e for Com-E with the smallest bond lengths of 1.52 Å and 1.63 Å. The decrease in the bandgap of the optimized geometries witnesses increase in the sensing ability of the adsorbent and demonstrates strong interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate supporting the adsorption energies. The positive values of Hb and ∇2ρb for all complexes reveals strong interaction of electrostatic nature between CIP and Be12O12 nature which is supported by different tools of DFT. The overall study suggests Be12O12 an efficient, reusable adsorbent for the purification of water from CIP and therefore Be12O12 can be used effectively to eliminate antibiotics from water.

The purpose of this study is to explore the current status of micro-credentialing policies and practices in Middle Eastern and North African universities. Using a quantitative approach and a comprehensive questionnaire based on recent work by the Australasian Council on Open, Distance, and e-Learning (as reported by ACODE, Survey of micro-credentialing practice in Australasian universities 2021: An ACODE Whitepaper--October 2021, 2021), the study investigates areas such as standards, policies, adoption rates, integration into the curriculum, credentialing engines, and professional development. The findings indicate that micro-credentialing is still in its early stages in the region, with most universities initiating micro-credentialing within the past four years. The lack of a favorable policy ecosystem and standards for learning design, content, delivery, assessment, sizing, and issuance are identified as significant hindrances to the adoption of micro-credentials. To advance the micro-credential market, the study recommends that stakeholders collaborate and create quality standards, accountability mechanisms, financing strategies, and documentation frameworks that promote interoperability. The study suggests that improving policies for micro-credentials could help legitimize them and promote a more unified vision of micro-credentials as a crucial component of the national educational strategy.

الملخص: المقدمة: يظل التسمم بالمبيدات الحشرية مشكلة صحية عامة كبيرة على مستوى العالم، مما يسهم في حوالي 371,594 حالة وفاة سنويًا. يتسبب التعرض العرضي والمتعمد للمبيدات الحشرية، خاصة في الدول النامية، في تحديات كبيرة لأنظمة الصحة العامة. في المملكة العربية السعودية، يعتبر التسمم بالمبيدات الحشرية شائعا، حيث تُعد الكاربارمات والفوسفات العضوية من الأسباب الرئيسية. عرض الحالات: تم توثيق أربع حالات تسمم حادة ناتجة عن تناول شطائر شاورما ملوثة تحتوي على الكاربوفيوران والبيفنثرين، وهي مزيج من الكاربارمات والبيريثرويد على التوالي. الأفراد المتضررون جميعهم أشقاء، وأظهروا درجات متفاوتة من الأعراض السمية، بما في ذلك ارتعاش العضلات، والإفرازات الزائدة، وضيق التنفس. على الرغم من شدة الأعراض، كان لدى ثلاثة من المرضى مستويات طبيعية أو منخفضة طبيعيًا من إنزيم الأسيتيل كولين إستريز، ويرجح أن يكون ذلك بسبب التباين الفردي، أو التأخير في إجراء الفحص، أو سوء التعامل مع العينات. أما المريض الرابع، فقد أظهر نشاطا منخفضا بشكل كبير لإنزيم الأسيتيل كولين إستريز، مما يشير إلى تثبيط شديد، وزادت الحالة تعقيدا بسبب التهاب البنكرياس، مما ساهم في تأخر التعافي. شملت التدخلات العلاجية السريرية المبكرة إعطاء الأتروبين، البراليدوكسيم، ومضاد التسمم الوشيقي بسبب الشك الأولي في وجود تسمم ناتج عن بكتيريا وشيقية. أكدت التحليلات السمومية تسمم الكاربوفيوران. الاستنتاجات: تؤكد هذه الحالات على أهمية الاستشارة الفورية لمتخصصي طب السموم، وإجراء الفحوصات المناسبة، والتعامل الصحيح مع العينات لتوجيه العلاج في حالات التسمم بالمبيدات. تسلط هذه النتائج الضوء على الحاجة الماسة للالتزام بأنظمة منظمة الصحة العالمية ومراقبة استخدام المبيدات، بالإضافة إلى ممارسات صارمة لسلامة الغذاء لمنع تفشي الأمراض مستقبلاً.. Abstract: Background: Pesticide poisoning remains a major global health concern contributing to an estimated 371,594 deaths annually. Both accidental and deliberate pesticide exposure, particularly in developing countries, pose challenges to public health systems. In KSA, pesticide poisoning is prevalent, and insecticides such as carbamates and organophosphates are the primary culprits. Case presentation: Four cases of acute poisoning caused by the ingestion of contaminated shawarma sandwiches containing carbofuran and bifenthrin, a carbamate and pyrethroid mixture, respectively, are described. The affected individuals, all siblings, exhibited varying degrees of cholinergic symptoms, including muscle fasciculations, excessive secretions, and respiratory distress. Despite their severe symptoms, three patients had normal or low-normal acetylcholinesterase levels, probably because of individual variability, delayed testing, or improper sample handling. One patient exhibited diminished acetylcholinesterase activity, thus suggesting severe inhibition; pancreatitis was a further complication that contributed to delayed recovery. Early clinical management included atropine, pralidoxime, and botulinum antitoxin, because of initial suspicion for botulism. Toxicological analysis confirmed carbofuran poisoning, and food safety investigations identified improper pesticide use in food preparation areas. Conclusion: The reported cases underscore the importance of timely toxicological consultation, proper testing, and appropriate sample handling to guide treatment of pesticide-related poisoning. These findings highlight the crucial need for adherence to WHO regulations and monitoring of pesticide use, as well as strict food safety practices to prevent future outbreaks. The successful multidisciplinary approach to managing these cases demonstrates the critical role of coordinated efforts between clinical teams and public health authorities in addressing such public health threats.

Abstract Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in healthcare to boost productivity, reduce administrative workloads, and improve patient outcomes. In nursing, AI offers both opportunities and challenges. This study explores nurses’ perspectives on implementing AI in nursing practice within the context of Jordan, focusing on the perceived benefits and concerns related to its integration. Method A qualitative research approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 25 nurses and 3 focus group discussions, each consisting of 7–8 participants. The data collected was coded and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and key themes in the nurses’ views on AI. Results Three major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) AI as an efficiency tool – Nurses recognized AI’s ability to reduce administrative burdens and improve patient monitoring in real-time. (2) Ethical and practical concerns – Nurses raised issues regarding patient privacy, data security, and the fear that AI might replace human decision-making in care. (3) Lack of preparedness and training – There was a consensus on nurses’ inadequate training in AI tools, limiting their ability to integrate AI into their practice fully. Conclusion While AI is seen as a valuable tool to enhance nursing productivity, several challenges still need to be addressed, particularly regarding ethical concerns and insufficient training. To ensure AI complements nursing without compromising the human element, healthcare institutions must address these issues by implementing comprehensive training programs and establishing clear ethical guidelines.