Author: "Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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33 results on '"Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)"'

1. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009–30 November 2009

Author: Gen-Bo Xu, Yi Kyung Kim, Zhen Xia Sha, N. Sreejayan, Maria Domenica Moccia, B. W. Hou, Fuwen Wei, Shaoying Liu, Mi Sook Min, Radosavljević Ivan, William Stewart Grant, Peter Kaňuch, Hai Hui Ye, Monika Pfunder, Stefan Woltmann, Antonis Rokas, Z. Y. Feng, Susanne Gustafsson, Benjamin N. Sacks, Hang Lee, M. L. Xie, Eun Ha Shin, Xiao Jun Xu, Kevin A. Feldheim, Scott A. Taylor, Zlatko Šatović, Maria Gaillard, Martin Lascoux, Christopher A. Saski, Ryan P. Walter, Vicki L. Friesen, Junghwa An, Shao Jing Li, Gudasalamani Ravikanth, Arnaud Béchet, William D. Templin, Juan A. Galaraza, Qingui Cai, Yi Wang, Zac Grauvogel, Åsa Berggren, Kyung Seok Kim, Sang Gyu Kim, James A. Morris-Pocock, Brian R. Kreiser, Sung Kyoung Choi, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Branka Javornik, X. Y. Ding, L. Han, Sofia Hemmilä, Julia Geraci, Daniel D. Heath, Leonardo A. Gallo, J. Zhong, Kyung i.Kl Kim, Frank Cézilly, Zhengxin Sun, Marcelle Moore, Maren A. Klich, Kumara P. Mohana, Yong Fan, F. Zhang, Zlatko Liber, Xiaolin Liao, Yong Jin Won, Athena Lam, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Alex Widmer, Xiangjiang Zhan, Sarah K. Brown, Han Chan Park, Yong Tao, Ramesh Vasudeva, Y. H. Ma, Yajun Ma, D. L. Li, Jing Wu, Kelly Lasater, George K. Roderick, Ke Jian Wang, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Carolina Soliani, J. Derek Hogan, Jernej Jakše, Yun Sun Lee, Ye Seul Kwan, Song-Lin Chen, Xin Hui Luo, Sean D. Schoville, Michael William Bruford, Jeffrey Robert Guyon, John G. Gibbons, Lin Lin, R. Uma Shaanker, Sang In Kim, Federico Sebastiani, W. Y. Li, Gui Zhong Wang, Rémi Wattier, Wei Cheng, Paula Marchelli, Woo-Jin Kim, BK21 program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Canid Diversity and Conservation Laboratory, University of California, Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff University, Caopo Nature Reserves, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Ministry of Agriculture-Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Jiangsu Provincal Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Department of Pathogen Biology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal, INTA EEA Bariloche, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Program in Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Uppsala University, Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB), USDA, Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Division of EcoScience, EWHA Womans University (EWHA), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Division of Botany [Zagreb], Department of Biology [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb-Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Crop Physiology, Biological Sciences Department [Sacrameno], California State University [Sacramento], Ecogenics GmbH, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Genomics Institute, Clemson University, Department of Seed Science and Technology [Zagreb], Faculty of Agriculture [Zagreb] (UNIZG), Laboratorio Genexpress, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Instituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, College of Marine Life Sciences [Qingdao], Ocean University of China (OUC), Seoul National University [Seoul], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nanjing Normal University, Estacion Biologica Doñana, Auke Bay Laboratories ( ABL ), Alaska Fisheries Science Center ( AFSC ), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), University of Windsor, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife ( CGRB ), Agence Régionale de la Santé ( ARS ), University of Southern Mississippi, EWHA Womans University ( EWHA ), Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Zagreb, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Seed Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), College of Marine Life Sciences, and Ocean University of China
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Colias interior, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Botany, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, Database, Salvia officinalis, biology.organism_classification, food.food, Dendrobium devonianum, Dendrobium loddigesii, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, Colias eurytheme, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Aspergillus clavatus, computer, Biotechnology
Abstract: 5 pages; International audience; This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
Published: 2010
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2. Runs of homozygosity in killer whale genomes provide a global record of demographic histories

Author: Kelly M. Robertson, Rebecca Hooper, Rochelle Constantine, Renaud de Stephanis, Sara Tavares, Alana Alexander, Guangyi Fan, John A. Totterdell, Ruth Esteban, Nicholas J. Davison, Tim Gerrodette, Lisa T. Ballance, John W. Durban, Songhai Li, Paul Tixier, Phillip A. Morin, Michael D. Martin, C. S. Baker, Sarah L. Fordyce Martin, Robin W. Baird, Jay Barlow, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Filipa I. P. Samarra, Andrew Brownlow, Tim Collins, Laurent Excoffier, Andrew D. Foote, M. Bradley Hanson, Jochen B. W. Wolf, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Karin A. Forney, Christophe Guinet, Paul R. Wade, Yaolei Zhang, NTNU University Museum [Trondheim], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), School of Biological Sciences [Bangor], Bangor University, Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, University of Exeter, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Cascadia Research [Washington, USA], Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University (OSU), School of Biological Sciences [Auckland], University of Auckland [Auckland], Marine Mammal and Turtle Division (MMTD), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), CIRCE (Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans), Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [CA, USA] (San José State University), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), Section for Evolutionary Genomics, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU)-GLOBE Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), Sanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Vestmannaeyjar Research and Study Center, Scottish Oceans Institute [University of St Andrews] (SOI), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), BGI Qingdao, Partenaires INRAE, Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), China National GeneBank, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Demographic history, Population, inbreeding, Biology, Runs of Homozygosity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Identity by descent, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Coalescent theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Effective population size, Genetics, Inbreeding depression, Animals, Inbreeding, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Demography, Population Density, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, whole genome sequencing, Genome, Orcinus orca, Homozygote, Killer whales, killer whale, Evolutionary biology, Whole genome sequencing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 570 Life sciences, biology, Whale, Killer
Abstract: International audience; Runs of homozygosity (ROH) occur when offspring inherit haplotypes that are identical by descent from each parent. Length distributions of ROH are informative about population history; specifically, the probability of inbreeding mediated by mating system and/or population demography. Here, we investigated whether variation in killer whale (Orcinus orca) demographic history is reflected in genome-wide heterozygosity and ROH length distributions, using a global data set of 26 genomes representative of geographic and ecotypic variation in this species, and two F1 admixed individuals with Pacific-Atlantic parentage. We first reconstructed demographic history for each population as changes in effective population size through time using the pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method. We found a subset of populations declined in effective population size during the Late Pleistocene, while others had more stable demography. Genomes inferred to have undergone ancestral declines in effective population size, were autozygous at hundreds of short ROH (1.5 Mb) were found in low latitude populations, and populations of known conservation concern. These include a Scottish killer whale, for which 37.8% of the autosomes were comprised of ROH >1.5 Mb in length. The fate of this population, in which only two adult males have been sighted in the past five years, and zero fecundity over the last two decades, may be inextricably linked to its demographic history and consequential inbreeding depression.
Published: 2021
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3. Social Networks of Alaska Fishing Communities

Author: Anna Lavoie, Amber Himes-Cornell, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISBlue - Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet (2017), ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Adaptive capacity, Business transactions, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fishing communities, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Fishing, 01 natural sciences, Social networks, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Business, Function (engineering), Alaska, Industrial organization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Fishing community social networks function as channels for transfer of fishery knowledge, resources, and business transactions that help mitigate risks and shocks associated with altered access to fishery resources. Research on such networks in Alaska is limited despite their cultural importance and community reliance on fisheries. We contribute to scholarship of fishery social networks by assessing Alaska fishing community perspectives of challenges related to fisheries policy and management, and the existing social networks that aid in overcoming these challenges. Our findings show that the greatest challenges fishing communities face pertaining to fishery management are high costs of participating in catch share programs, restricted subsistence fishing activity due to decline in salmon, and complex regulations. Social networks exist for coping with these challenges; fishery information, and resources such as food, fuel and medicines are shared between communities. However, networks for accessing fishery support services are centralized in fewer larger communities and hubs such as Anchorage. Smaller and remote communities are the most compromised in this regard given the distance they must travel to access fishery support services. Leveraging social networks for sharing resources and improving fishery support services in smaller communities will increase their adaptive capacity and ability to maintain participation in Alaska fisheries.
Published: 2019
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4. Guidelines and quantitative standards to improve consistency in cetacean subspecies and species delimitation relying on molecular genetic data

Author: Frederick I. Archer, Phillip A. Morin, Aimee R. Lang, Kim M. Parsons, William F. Perrin, Amélia Viricel, C. Scott Baker, Brittany L. Hancock-Hanser, Matthew S. Leslie, Michael Krützen, Patricia E. Rosel, Victoria L. Pease, Randall R. Reeves, Nicole L. Vollmer, Frank Cipriano, Sarah L. Mesnick, Kelly M. Robertson, Barbara L. Taylor, Karen K. Martien, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFC), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Louisiana, National Systematics Laboratory, NMFS, Conservation Genetics Laboratory, San Francisco State University, Okapi Wildlife Associates, Anthropological Institute and Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Oregon [Eugene], University of Zurich, and Taylor, Barbara L
Subjects: 10207 Department of Anthropology, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Aquatic Science, Subspecies, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Data type, 03 medical and health sciences, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 1104 Aquatic Science, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic data, Data science, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Sampling distribution, Sample size determination, Data quality, Mammalogy
Abstract: Taxonomy is an imprecise science that delimits the evolutionary continuum into discrete categories. For marine mammals, this science is complicated by the relative lack of morphological data for taxa that inhabit remote and often vast ranges. We provide guidelines to promote consistency in studies relying primarily on molecular genetic data to delimit cetacean subspecies from both populations and species. These guidelines identify informational needs: basis for the taxonomic hypothesis being tested, description of current taxonomy, description of relevant life history, sample distribution, sample size, number and sequence length of genetic markers, description of measures taken to ensure data quality, summary statistics for the genetic markers, and analytical methods used to evaluate the genetic data. We propose an initial set of quantitative and qualitative standards based on the types of data and analytical methods most readily available at present. These standards are not expected to be rigidly applied. Rather, they are meant to encourage taxonomic arguments that are consistent and transparent. We hope professional societies, such as the Society for Marine Mammalogy, will adopt quantitative standards that evolve as new data types and analytical methods become widely available.
Published: 2017
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5. Recent advances in understanding the effects of climate change on the world’s oceans

Author: Garcon, Veronique, Hollowed, Anne, Barange, Manuel, Garçon, Véronique, Ito, Shin-ichi, Link, Jason, Aricò, Salvatore, Batchelder, Harold, Brown, Robin, Griffis, Roger, Wawrzynski, Wojciech, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), GLOBEC IPO, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 13. Climate action, Effects of global warming, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In June 2018, >600 scientists from over 50 countries attended the Fourth International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans (ECCWO-4). ECCWO-4 provided a forum for scientists to share information, build understanding, and advance responses to climate impacts on oceans and the many people, businesses and communities that depend on them. Seven Key Messages emerging from the symposium and relevant information from recently published literature are summarized. Recent scientific advances are improving our ability to understand, project, and assess the consequences of different levels of 21st century climate change for ocean ecosystems and ocean dependent communities. Outcomes of the symposium highlighted the need for on-going engagement with stakeholders, communities, and managers when considering the trade-offs associated with tactical and strategic opportunities for adaptation to climate change. Science informed adaptation frameworks that engage the public in their development are needed for effective management of marine resources in a changing climate. The summary provides a brief overview of the advances in climate-ocean science emerging from the symposium and provides context for the contributed papers within the broader socio-ecological advances of the discipline.
Published: 2019
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6. Towards climate resiliency in fisheries management

Author: Alan C. Haynie, Anne B. Hollowed, Sophie Gourguet, Steven J. Bograd, Kirstin K. Holsman, Kerim Aydin, Elliott L. Hazen, Jameal F. Samhouri, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Management actions, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fisheries, Socio-economic, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Management effectiveness, Management trade-offs, Climate change, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Long-term measures, Climate-responsive tools, 15. Life on land, Conservation goals, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Fisheries management, business, Marine ecosystems
Abstract: International audience; It is increasingly evident that climate change is having significant impacts on marine ecosystems and dependent fisheries. Yet, translating climate science into management actions and policies is an ongoing challenge. In particular, four aspects have confounded implementation of climate-resilient management: (i) regional management tools may not be well-suited for managing the same systems under climate change, (ii) individual management policies and climate research studies are often implicitly focussed on spatio-temporal scales that are rarely aligned, (iii) management approaches seldom integrate across spatio-temporal scales and are, therefore, maladapted to unidirectional change and extreme events, and (iv) challenges to modelling socio-economic implications of climate change impede projections of cumulative costs to society, disguise adaptive limits, and ultimately impact climate risk and management trade-off assessments. We suggest that addressing environmental change favours adaptive and dynamic management approaches, while addressing shifting socio-economic and political conditions favours fixed long-term measures; considering both jointly requires a combination of dynamic-adaptive-fixed approaches. We outline a framework to integrate climate-responsive tools into a unified climate-resilient management approach using nested dynamic-adaptive-fixed management portfolios that improve management effectiveness and efficiency. This approach may help reduce future conflict between marine resource extractive and conservation goals through more explicit characterization of management trade-offs and identification of social and ecological tipping points.
Published: 2019
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7. Climate science strategy of the US National Marine Fisheries Service

Author: Michael B. Rust, Kenric Osgood, Christopher Toole, D. Shallin Busch, Sam McClatchie, Robin S. Waples, Seth T. Sykora-Bodie, Karen Abrams, Jonathan A. Hare, Roger Griffis, Jason D. Baker, Nathan J. Mantua, Jay Peterson, Richard Merrick, Russell E. Brainard, Mark W. Nelson, Eric Thunberg, Jason S. Link, Amber Himes-Cornell, Michael F. Sigler, Vincent S. Saba, Anne B. Hollowed, Michael J. Ford, Michelle M. McClure, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, Economics and Econometrics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Vulnerability, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Ecosystem-based management, 01 natural sciences, Fisheries management, 14. Life underwater, Adaptation, Living marine resources, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Warning system, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Environmental studies, 13. Climate action, Climate policy, Service (economics), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, Stewardship, Law
Abstract: International audience; Changes to our climate and oceans are already affecting living marine resources (LMRs) and the people, businesses, and economies that depend on them. As a result, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has developed a Climate Science Strategy (CSS) to increase the production and use of the climate-related information necessary to fulfill its LMR stewardship mission for fisheries management and protected species conservation. The CSS establishes seven objectives: (1) determine appropriate, climate-informed reference points; (2) identify robust strategies for managing LMRs under changing climate conditions; (3) design decision processes that are robust to climate-change scenarios; (4) predict future states of ecosystems, LMRs, and LMR-dependent human communities; (5) determine the mechanisms of climate-change related effects on ecosystems, LMRs, and LMR-dependent human communities; (6) track trends in ecosystems, LMRs, and LMR-dependent human communities and provide early warning of change; and (7) build and maintain the science infrastructure required to fulfill NMFS mandates under changing climate conditions. These objectives provide a nationally consistent approach to addressing climate-LMR science needs that supports informed decision-making and effective implementation of the NMFS legislative mandates in each region. Near term actions that will address all objectives include: (1) conducting climate vulnerability analyses in each region for all LMRs; (2) establishing and strengthening ecosystem indicators and status reports in all regions; and (3) developing a capacity to conduct management strategy evaluations of climate-related impacts on management targets, priorities, and goals. Implementation of the Strategy over the next few years and beyond is critical for effective fulfillment of the NMFS mission and mandates in a changing climate.
Published: 2016
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8. Comment on 'Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds'

Author: Mikhail Soloviev, Joël Bêty, David C. Payer, Sara T Saalfeld, Paula Machin, Eunbi Kwon, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Nicolas Meyer, Klaus-Michael Exo, David H. Ward, Jean-François Lamarre, Benoît Sittler, Jesse R. Conklin, Mihai Valcu, Eduardo S. A. Santos, Tomáš Albrecht, Daniel H. Catlin, Audrey R. Taylor, Joe Liebezeit, Megan L. Boldenow, Richard Ottvall, Richard B. Lanctot, Rebecca L. McGuire, Olivier Gilg, Loïc Bollache, Aleksandr Sokolov, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Jan A. van Gils, Sarah E. Jamieson, Emily L. Weiser, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Jeroen Reneerkens, Matthew Johnson, Marcelo Bertellotti, H. River Gates, Brian J. McCaffery, Glenda D. Hevia, Nicolas Lecomte, Glen S. Brown, Natalya A. Sokolova, Niels Martin Schmidt, Verónica L. D’Amico, Bart Kempenaers, Martin Bulla, Rob van Bemmelen, Diana V. Solovyeva, Rose J. Swift, Johannes Lang, Ricardo Augusto Serpa Cerboncini, James A. Johnson, Martijn van de Pol, Erica Nol, Juan Fernandez-Elipe, Jennie Rausch, Jannik Hansen, Theunis Piersma, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Natural Resource Sciences - National Park Service, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Graduate Program in Production Engineering and System (PPGEPS), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Department of Biology, Trent University, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND FORESTRY CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Summit Analytical, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Audubon Society of Portland, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie - Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Departamento de Matematica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Institute of Avian Research, Vogelwarte Helgoland, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Durham University, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of Montana, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Arctic Beringia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Shorebird Recovery Program, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology and Evolution, Inst. Vertebrate Biol., Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Animal Ecology (AnE), Piersma group, Palsbøll lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, CLIMATE CHANGE, NEST PREDATION, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Nesting Behavior, Ciencias Biológicas, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Predatory behavior, Nest, Life Science, Animals, INVESTIGATOR DISTURBANCE, 14. Life underwater, SHOREBIRDS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Plan_S-Compliant_NO, Ecología, 15. Life on land, The arctic, 010601 ecology, Geography, ECOLOGICAL TRAP, 13. Climate action, international, Predatory Behavior, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Kubelka et al. (Reports, 9 November 2018, p. 680) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims. Fil: Bulla, Martin. Nioz Royal Netherlands Institute For Sea Research; Países Bajos. Max Planck Institute For Ornithology; Alemania. Czech University of Life Sciences; República Checa Fil: Reneerkens, Jeroen. Nioz Royal Netherlands Institute For Sea Research; Países Bajos. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Weiser, Emily L.. Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Sokolov, Aleksandr. Institute Of Plant And Animal Ecology; Rusia Fil: Taylor, Audrey R.. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoît. Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg; Alemania. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia Fil: McCaffery, Brian J.. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ruthrauff, Dan R.. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Catlin, Daniel H.. Virginia Tech University; Estados Unidos Fil: Payer, David C.. National Park Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ward, David H.. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Solovyeva, Diana V.. Institute of Biological Problems of the North; Rusia Fil: Santos, Eduardo S. A.. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Rakhimberdiev, Eldar. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Rusia. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Nol, Erica. Trent University; Canadá Fil: Kwon, Eunbi. Virginia Tech; Estados Unidos Fil: Brown, Glen S.. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Canadá Fil: Hevia, Glenda Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Gates, H. River. National Audubon Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Johnson, James A.. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: van Gils, Jan A.. Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University; Países Bajos Fil: Hansen, Jannik. Aarhus University. Aarhus Institute Of Advanced Studies.; Dinamarca Fil: Lamarre, Jean-François. Polar Knowledge Canada; Canadá Fil: Rausch, Jennie. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá Fil: Conklin, Jesse R.. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Liebezeit, Joe. Audubon Society of Portland; Estados Unidos Fil: Bêty, Joël. University of Quebec; Canadá Fil: Lang, Johannes. Arctic Ecology Research Group ; Francia. Giessen University; Alemania Fil: Alves, José A.. University of Aveiro; Portugal. University of Iceland; Islandia Fil: Fernández-Elipe, Juan. No especifíca; Fil: Exo, Klaus-Michael. Institute of Avian Research “Vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Bertellotti, Néstor Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Giroux, Marie-Andrée. Université de Moncton; Canadá Fil: van de Pol, Martijn. Netherlands Institute of Ecology ; Países Bajos Fil: Johnson, Matthew. USDA Forest Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Boldenow, Megan L.. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Valcu, Mihai. Max Planck Institute für Ornithologie; Alemania Fil: Soloviev, Mikhail. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Alemania Fil: Sokolova, Natalya. Arctic Research Station; Rusia Fil: Senner, Nathan R.. University of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Lecomte, Nicolas. Université de Moncton; Canadá Fil: Meyer, Nicolas. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Niels Martin. Aarhus University. Department of Bioscience; Dinamarca Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Smith, Paul A.. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá Fil: Machín, Paula. No especifíca; Fil: McGuire, Rebecca L.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Cerboncini, Ricardo A. S.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Ottvall, Richard. No especifíca; Fil: van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.. Wageningen Marine Research; Países Bajos Fil: Swift, Rose J.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos Fil: Saalfeld, Sarah T.. No especifíca; Fil: Jamieson,Sarah E.. Simon Fraser University; Canadá Fil: Brown, Stephen. No especifíca; Fil: Piersma, Theunis. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; Países Bajos. Conservation Ecology Group; Países Bajos Fil: Albrecht, Tomas. Czech Academy of Sciences; República Checa. Charles University; República Checa Fil: D’Amico, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Lanctot, Richard B.. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Kempenaers, Bart. Max Planck Institute für Ornithologie; Alemania
Published: 2019
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9. A graphic novel from the 4th International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans

Author: Garcon, Veronique, Aricò, Salvatore, Batchelder, Harold, Link, Jason, Kohler, Bas, Griffis, Roger, Brady, Margaret, Ito, Shin-ichi, Garçon, Véronique, Hollowed, Anne, Barange, Manuel, Brown, Robin, Wawrzynski, Wojciech, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), GLOBEC IPO, and Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, business.industry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Effects of global warming, Marine ecosystem, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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10. Fisheries allocations for socioeconomic development: Lessons learned from the Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program

Author: Marysia Szymkowiak, Amber Himes-Cornell, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Economic growth, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Socioeconomic development, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, CDQ Program, 01 natural sciences, Allocations, Geography, Development strategies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Evaluations, Community development, Western Alaska, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents an institutional analysis of the Western Alaska CDQ Program.Lessons learned for a CDQ-type program in the Arctic and elsewhere are presented.Allocations amongst CDQ groups should be stable, transparent and equitable.Evaluations of CDQ-type groups should be evolutionary and contextual.Residents should continually inform the groups' objectives and development strategies.
Published: 2018
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11. Northeasternmost record of a North Pacific fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Alaskan Chukchi Sea

Author: Jessica L. Crance, Aaron Thode, Julien Bonnel, Catherine L. Berchok, National Marine Mammal Laboratory (MML), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 0106 biological sciences, Canyon, geography, Fin, geography.geographical_feature_category, Balaenoptera, biology, Post hoc, Range (biology), Whale, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Fin Whales, Oceanography, Fin whale Chukchi Sea Passive acoustics Distribution Vocalization Arctic, Arctic, biology.animal, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010301 acoustics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the North Pacific consistently range as far north as the Bering Sea. While occasional sightings of fin whales occur north of the Bering Strait, they are rarely documented north of 67°N. However, a recent increase in passive acoustic monitoring has shown that fin whales are more prevalent in the Chukchi Sea than previously thought. During a 2012 field survey in the Alaskan Chukchi Sea, fin whale calls were detected on a DiFAR sonobuoy deployed at 71.575°N, 157.823°W, 50 km off Barrow near the mouth of Barrow Canyon. On August 27, 2012, approximately 30 fin whale downsweep calls were detected over an hour and a half, at bearings of approximately 270–290° from the sonobuoy. Since only one sonobuoy was deployed, in situ localization of the calls was not possible. Post hoc range estimates using a combination of modal dispersion techniques, nonlinear time-domain warping, and geoacoustic inversion resulted in a source range estimate of less than 5 km. This location is approximately 280 and 365 km northeast of the previous closest acoustic detection and confirmed visual sighting of a fin whale, respectively. These results represent the farthest northeast record of fin whale calls in the Alaskan Arctic and illustrate the importance of continued passive acoustic monitoring in a rapidly changing environment.
Published: 2015
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12. Ground-truthing social vulnerability indices of Alaska fishing communities

Author: Kristin Hoelting, Conor Maguire, Stephen Kasperski, Amber Himes-Cornell, Kim Sparks, Anna Lavoie, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Central Washington University, NOAA Office of Science and Technology, 'Laboratoire d'Excellence' LabexMER at the European Institute of Marine Sciences (IUEM) [ANR-10-LABX-19], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fishing, Vulnerability, Social Welfare, 010501 environmental sciences, social indices, 01 natural sciences, Alaska fishing communities, well-being, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Ground truth, Data collection, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Secondary data, Geography, ground-truthing, Well-being, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, Social vulnerability, social vulnerability
Abstract: Community vulnerability is increasingly evaluated through quantitative social indices, typically developed using secondary data sources rather than primary data collection. It is necessary to understand the validity of these indices if they will be used to inform policy and decision making. This paper presents a ground-truthing effort to validate quantitative indices that characterize the well-being of Alaska fishing communities. We utilized ethnographic data collected from 13 representative communities and a capital assets framework to ground-truth the indices, in which qualitative ranks of vulnerability were compared against quantitative indices. The majority (73.8%) of ranks were in complete or moderate agreement and the results indicate that most of the indices are representative of community vulnerability; yet some variables utilized to create the indices could be modified to better reflect realities in Alaska. Indices of commercial fishery engagement and reliance appeared to be more reliable than socio-economic indicators, particularly for smaller fishing communities. We also confirmed that the indices do not capture political, or ecological factors that affect levels of community vulnerability. We conclude that quantitative indices of community vulnerability are useful rapid assessment tools; however, they should be validated, and complemented with ethnographic data prior to their implementation as policy making and management tools.
Published: 2018
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13. A review of molecular genetic markers and analytical approaches that have been used for delimiting marine mammal subspecies and species

Author: William F. Perrin, Kelly M. Robertson, Frank Cipriano, Phillip A. Morin, Matthew S. Leslie, Aimee R. Lang, Frederick I. Archer, Amélia Viricel, Nicole L. Vollmer, Brittany L. Hancock-Hanser, Sarah L. Mesnick, Barbara L. Taylor, Karen K. Martien, Patricia E. Rosel, Annalisa Berta, Victoria L. Pease, Kim M. Parsons, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, San Diego State University (SDSU), Conservation Genetics Laboratory, San Francisco State University, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Systematics Laboratory, NMFS
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Aquatic Science, Biology, Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Taxon, Sample size determination, Evolutionary biology, Genetic marker, Microsatellite, Taxonomy (biology), 14. Life underwater, Taxonomic rank, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Uncertainty in marine mammal taxonomy is increasingly being addressed using molecular genetic data. We examined 32 peer-reviewed articles published between 1994 and 2011to review methodological practices, consistency of markers and analytical methods, and overall quality of arguments used when genetic data have been employed to delimit new species and subspecies of marine mammals. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was the primary genetic marker used in these studies, but analytical methods varied greatly across studies. Diagnosability, a common metric for delimiting subspecies with morphological data, was only used through citing of fixed differences in mtDNA sequences. Assignment tests based on microsatellite data were less common but were applied at both taxonomic levels. Nuclear DNA sequence data were rarely used. Basic background material needed to evaluate the strength of arguments, such as distribution and sampling maps, were often missing. For most studies, sample sizes were good, but adequate geographic sampling for broadly distributed taxa was often lacking, diminishing the strength of evidence for taxonomic distinctness. Examining these empirical cases revealed a mixture of sound and inadequate practices for genetic studies of cetacean taxonomy and suggested that improvements could be made to the field by developing standard guidelines.
Published: 2017
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14. Using nonlinear time warping to estimate North Pacific right whale calling depths in the Bering Sea

Author: Jessica L. Crance, Julien Bonnel, Catherine L. Berchok, Christopher M. Verlinden, Margaux Thieury, Dana L. Wright, Aileen Fagan, Aaron Thode, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Pôle STIC_AP, École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), United States Coast Guard Academy, National Marine Mammal Laboratory (MML), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: Dynamic time warping, Sound Spectrography, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bioacoustics, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Species Specificity, Seas, Resampling, 0103 physical sciences, Oceans, Acoustic analysis, Range (statistics), Animals, 14. Life underwater, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 010301 acoustics, Ecosystem, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], biology, Hydrophone, Endangered Species, Whales, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Acoustics, Geodesy, biology.organism_classification, Agroacoustics, Oceanography, Nonlinear Dynamics, Speed of sound, Vocalization, Animal, Right whale, Null hypothesis, Geology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Calling depth distributions are estimated for two types of calls produced by critically endangered eastern North Pacific right whales (NPRWs) in the Bering Sea, using passive acoustic data collected with bottom-mounted hydrophone recorders. Nonlinear time resampling of 12 NPRW "upcalls" and 20 "gunshots" recorded in a critical NPRW habitat isolated individual normal mode arrivals from each call. The relative modal arrival times permitted range estimates between 1 and 40 km, while the relative modal amplitudes permitted call depth estimates, provided that environmental inversions were obtained from high signal-to-noise ratio calls. Gunshot sounds were generally only produced at a few meters depth, while upcall depths clustered between 10 and 25 m, consistent with previously published bioacoustic tagging results from North Atlantic right whales. A Wilcoxon rank sum test rejected the null hypothesis that the mean calling depths of the two call types were the same (p = 2.9 × 10-5); the null hypothesis was still rejected if the sample set was restricted to one call per acoustic encounter (p = 0.02). Propagation modeling demonstrates that deeper depths enhance acoustic propagation and that source depth estimates impact both NPRW upcall source level and detection range estimates.
Published: 2017
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15. Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts

Author: Sarah B. Kapnick, Michael A. Alexander, Barbara A. Muhling, Sarah Gaichas, Francisco E. Werner, Desiree Tommasi, Rick Methot, J. Paige Eveson, Claire M. Spillman, Vincent S. Saba, Jason R. Hartog, Melissa A. Haltuch, Yan Xue, Isaac C. Kaplan, Rebecca G. Asch, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Roland Séférian, Kirstin K. Holsman, Samantha A. Siedlecki, Kathleen Pegion, Thomas L. Delworth, Rym Msadek, Alistair J. Hobday, C. Mark Eakin, Timothy J. Miller, Patrick Lehodey, Charles A. Stock, Patrick D. Lynch, Marion Gehlen, Trond Kristiansen, Mark R. Payne, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Jameal F. Samhouri, Carlos F. Gaitan, Andrew J. Pershing, Malin L. Pinsky, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and CERFACS
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Lead (geology), Resource (project management), SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Predictability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Fisheries science, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Climatic variables, Geology, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), business
Abstract: Recent developments in global dynamical climate prediction systems have allowed for skillful predictions of climate variables relevant to living marine resources (LMRs) at a scale useful to understanding and managing LMRs. Such predictions present opportunities for improved LMR management and industry operations, as well as new research avenues in fisheries science. LMRs respond to climate variability via changes in physiology and behavior. For species and systems where climate-fisheries links are well established, forecasted LMR responses can lead to anticipatory and more effective decisions, benefitting both managers and stakeholders. Here, we provide an overview of climate prediction systems and advances in seasonal to decadal prediction of marine-resource relevant environmental variables. We then describe a range of climate-sensitive LMR decisions that can be taken at lead-times of months to decades, before highlighting a range of pioneering case studies using climate predictions to inform LMR decisions. The success of these case studies suggests that many additional applications are possible. Progress, however, is limited by observational and modeling challenges. Priority developments include strengthening of the mechanistic linkages between climate and marine resource responses, development of LMR models able to explicitly represent such responses, integration of climate driven LMR dynamics in the multi-driver context within which marine resources exist, and improved prediction of ecosystem-relevant variables at the fine regional scales at which most marine resource decisions are made. While there are fundamental limits to predictability, continued advances in these areas have considerable potential to make LMR managers and industry decision more resilient to climate variability and help sustain valuable resources. Concerted dialog between scientists, LMR managers and industry is essential to realizing this potential.
Published: 2017
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16. Linking ecosystem processes to communities of practice through commercially fished species in the Gulf of Alaska

Author: J. Zachary Koehn, Colette L. Ward, Rachael E. Blake, Sarah Gaichas, Natalie C. Ban, Stephen Kasperski, Amber Himes-Cornell, Stephani G. Zador, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Washington [Seattle], University of California, Santa Barbara, State of California, Gulf Watch Alaska programme from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council [12120120], Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Value (ethics), Gulf of Alaska, Human systems engineering, conceptual model, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, ecosystem-based fisheries management, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, qualitative network model, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Fishery, Geography, Conceptual model, human dimensions, Fisheries management, business, Network analysis
Abstract: Marine ecosystems are complex, and there is increasing recognition that environmental, ecological, and human systems are linked inextricably in coastal regions. The purpose of this article was to integrate environmental, ecological and human dimensions information important for fisheries management into a common analytical framework. We then used the framework to examine the linkages between these traditionally separate subject areas. We focused on synthesis of linkages between the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem and human communities of practice, defined as different fisheries sectors. Our specific objective was to document the individual directional linkages among environmental, ecological, and human dimensions variables in conceptual models, then build qualitative network models to perform simulation analyses to test how bottom-up and top-down perturbations might propagate through these linkages. We found that it is both possible and beneficial to integrate environmental, ecological, and human dimensions information important for fisheries into a common framework. First, the conceptual models allowed us to synthesize information across a broad array of data types, representing disciplines such as ecology and economics that are more commonly investigated separately, often with distinct methods. Second, the qualitative network analysis demonstrated how ecological signals can propagate to human communities, and how fishery management measures may influence the system. Third, we found that incorporating multi-species interactions changed outcomes because the merged model reversed some of the ecological and human outcomes compared with single species analyses. Overall, we demonstrated the value of linking information from the natural and social sciences to better understand complex social–ecological systems, and the value of incorporating ecosystem-level processes into a traditionally single species management framework. We advocate for conceptual and qualitative network modelling as efficient foundational steps to inform ecosystem-based fisheries management.
Published: 2017
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17. Do Active Participation Measures Help Fishermen Retain Fishing Privileges?

Author: Marysia Szymkowiak, Amber Himes-Cornell, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology, 'Laboratoire d'Excellence' LabexMER at the European Institute of Marine Sciences [ANR-10-LABX-19], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fishing, Rationalization (economics), 01 natural sciences, active participation, Individual fishing quota, catch shares, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, General Environmental Science, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Variety (cybernetics), Active participation, Fishery, fisheries, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, leasing, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, owner-on-board, Business, Fisheries management, Sablefish
Abstract: In numerous fisheries management programs, managers have implemented measures to ensure that the benefits of the fishery accrue to those who are actively fishing. Although active participation measures are common in fisheries management, there has been limited research on these measures. This study highlights the variety of objectives that motivate the development of active participation measures and how they have been implemented. We examine the application of these measures in four case study fisheries management programs—the Alaska Halibut and Sablefish Individual Fishing Quota, the Pacific Coast Sablefish Permit Stacking, the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Crab Rationalization, and the Alaska State Limited Entry programs—and, based on the experiences in these programs, provide recommendations for instituting active participation measures in other management programs.
Published: 2017
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18. Satellite telemetry of humpback whales off Madagascar reveals insights on breeding behavior and long-range movements within the southwest Indian Ocean

Author: Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Howard C. Rosenbaum, Salvatore Cerchio, Jean-Luc Jung, Francois Xavier Mayer, Norbert Andrianarivelo, Olivier Adam, Ygor Geyer, Laurène Trudelle, Alexandre N. Zerbini, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Marine Mammal Laboratory (MML), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Aqualie, Cetamada [Madagascar], Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Université de Toliara, Laboratoire de Biologie et génétique des mammifères marins dans leur environnement (BioGEMME), Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Satellite telemetry, Range (biology), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Indian ocean, Geography, Oceanography, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016
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19. Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: Part 1 – Induction of CYP1A in rainbow trout from contaminants in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Author: Stanley D. Rice, Colin Khan, Jacek M. Maselko, Peter V. Hodson, Kathrine R. Springman, Mandy R. Lindeberg, Jeffrey W. Short, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Queen's University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Aquaculture, law, Juvenile, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Life Sciences, Biota, General Medicine, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Hatchery, Trout, Creosote, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Rainbow trout, business
Abstract: Extracts from semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) deployed on beaches in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, were used to evaluate if complex contaminant mixtures from different sources can be distinguished by the resulting cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) activity in exposed test animals. Deployment sites included canneries, salmon hatcheries, and beaches where lingering oil remains from discharges during the 1964 earthquake or the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Other sites were selected at random to evaluate region-wide contaminant inputs or were located in salmon streams to evaluate contaminants carried and released by migrating salmon carcasses following reproduction. Following standard deployments of approximately 28 d, an aliquot of the accumulated contaminants was intraperitoneally injected without cleanup into juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After 2 d and 7 d, the activity of CYP1A was measured by the ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) assay. Exposure to extracts from the oiled sites and one hatchery site with numerous creosote pilings elicited strong EROD responses, whereas fish exposed to salmon stream extracts elicited weak but significant responses during late summer compared to late spring. Responses from the other sites were not significant, indicating contaminants from these sources are unlikely to cause CYP1A induction in resident biota. Rather than simply assessing extant contaminants, this method evaluates the potency of the different sites for bringing about aryl hydrocarbon receptor responses in resident biota.
Published: 2008
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20. Whaling permits: Japan's whaling is unscientific

Author: Brierley, Andrew S., Clapham, Phillip J., University of St Andrews [Scotland], Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract: Full list of co-signatories to a Correspondence published inhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v529/n7586/extref/529283a-s1.pdf; International audience
Published: 2016
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21. Ecopath with Ecosim as a model-building toolbox: Source code capabilities, extensions, and variations

Author: Nick Ellis, Jeroen Steenbeek, Steven Mackinson, Kerim Aydin, Ekin Akoglu, Dalai Felinto, Kelly A. Kearney, Mike Pan, Villy Christensen, Carl J. Walters, Joe Buszowski, Mark Platts, Jérôme Guitton, Sean M. Lucey, Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, University of British Columbia (UBC), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology (CSIRO Energy Technology), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFP), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington [Seattle], Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Source code, Model interoperability, Computer science, management options, media_common.quotation_subject, Fisheries, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Software, exploited, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, pacific, EcoSim, impacts, Ecosystem, media_common, business.industry, software, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Entry point, dynamics, food-web model, Modular design, Open source, Food web model, Toolbox, gulf, Ecopath with Ecosim, Microsoft Windows, systems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Software engineering, ecosystems, Model building, marine protected areas
Abstract: International audience; Ecopath with Ecosim (EWE) is a widely applied food web model that is mostly known as desktop software for the Microsoft Windows platform. The freely available Microsoft.NET source code of EwE, however, provides a range of possibilities to use the model in different ways, to customize and extend the model, and to execute the model on different operating systems. We provide an overview of the EwE source code, its philosophy, and its technical capabilities, targeted to model builders and advanced users of the EwE software. We showcase novel scientific applications of the EwE model that have been facilitated because of the modular approach of the system. We also present three additional versions of EwE that have been written in different computer languages for dedicated purposes. Lastly, we provide an entry point for users for obtaining and using the source code for custom purposes.
Published: 2016
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22. Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support Services

Author: Amber Himes-Cornell, Keeley Kent, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fishing, Well-being, 01 natural sciences, Support services, Environmental Chemistry, Revenue, 14. Life underwater, Tertiary sector of the economy, General Environmental Science, Landfall, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishing communities, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Fishing industry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fisheries management, business, Alaska
Abstract: The relationship between the fishing industry and the fisheries-related support service sector creates economic benefits for communities through the strong linkages between fishermen and their land-based suppliers and the induced or multiplier effects from fisheries revenue. The support service sector is embedded within fishing communities where the impacts of fisheries management changes are perpetuated. This article examines the potential for such impacts by evaluating the diversity of fishing gear use, ex-vessel revenue, presence of processing plants, public moorage, and haul-out or tidal grids, and the number of vessels in a community, in relation to the availability of support services in communities in Alaska. The results show that the presence of a processor and haul-out facilities in a community significantly affects the number of support service businesses; however, there is not a strong association with the number of vessels or ex-vessel revenue. One hypothesis is that fishermen often travel to other communities to obtain services. We evaluate this hypothesis using social network analysis to evaluate transfers of revenue for fishery-related goods and services. Ultimately, this informs the exploration of the importance of support service businesses and fishery-support infrastructure to the continued well-being of fishing communities.
Published: 2016
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23. Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species

Author: James P. Dines, Olga A. Filatova, Paul R. Wade, Alexander M. Burdin, Merel L. Dalebout, Michelle Ridgway, Phillip A. Morin, Morgane Lauf, Kelly M. Robertson, Gaëtan Richard, C. Scott Baker, Erich Hoyt, Reid S. Brewer, Jean-Luc Jung, Charles W. Potter, Ivan D. Fedutin, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Marine Mammal and Turtle Division (MMTD), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Oregon [Eugene], Fisheries Technology, University of Alaska [Southeast] (UAS), Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Faculty of Biology [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS), WDCS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UBO UFR ST), Université de Brest (UBO), Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Smithsonian Institution, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie et génétique des mammifères marins dans leur environnement (BioGEMME), Oceanus Alaska, Auke Bay Ocean Center, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animal structures, Population structure, Zoology, mitochondrial DNA, Aquatic Science, Body size, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ziphiidae, Beaked whale, 14. Life underwater, Publication data, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, mtDNA control region, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food and beverages, population structure, computer.file_format, biology.organism_classification, phylogenetics, Baird’s beaked whale, cetacean, Genetic structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, RDFa, Arnoux’s beaked whale, computer
Abstract: There are two recognized species in the genus Berardius, Baird’s and Arnoux’s beaked whales. In Japan, whalers have traditionally recognized two forms of Baird’s beaked whales, the common “slate-gray” form and a smaller, rare “black” form. Previous comparison of mtDNA control region sequences from three black specimens to gray specimens around Japan indicated that the two forms comprise different stocks and potentially different species. We have expanded sampling to include control region haplotypes of 178 Baird’s beaked whales from across their range in the North Pacific. We identified five additional specimens of the black form from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, for a total of eight “black” specimens. The divergence between mtDNA haplotypes of the black and gray forms of Baird’s beaked whale was greater than their divergence from the congeneric Arnoux’s beaked whale found in the Southern Ocean, and similar to that observed among other congeneric beaked whale species. Taken together, genetic evidence from specimens in Japan and across the North Pacific, combined with evidence of smaller adult body size, indicate presence of an unnamed species of Berardius in the North Pacific.
Published: 2016
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24. Using Socioeconomic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being

Author: Amber Himes-Cornell, Stephen Kasperski, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Fishing, fishing community, 01 natural sciences, Adaptability, well-being, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Socioeconomic status, resilience, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, fishing dependence, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, community vulnerability, Ecosystem-based management, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Fishery, Geography, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fisheries management, Psychological resilience, business, Alaska
Abstract: Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries management decisions on the social well-being and sustainability of fishing communities. This article summarizes research aimed at using secondary data to develop socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices to measure objective fishing community well-being in Alaska. Data from more than 300 communities in Alaska were used to create a database of socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices of objective well-being and adaptability for Alaska communities dependent on marine resources. Each index was developed using a principal components factor analysis to assess the relative position of each community compared to all other communities in Alaska. We find that creating performance measures, such as the indices presented here, provides a useful way to track the status of socioeconomic conditions and fisheries involvement by communities over time.
Published: 2016
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25. Understanding vulnerability in Alaska fishing communities A validation methodology for rapid assessment of indices related to well-being

Author: Richard B. Pollnac, Kristin Hoelting, Conor Maguire, Amber Himes-Cornell, Stephen Kasperski, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Rhode Island (URI), and NMFS Office of Science and Technology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fishing, Well-being, Vulnerability, Groundtruthing, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Validity, External validity, Alaska fishing communities, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Social indices, Environmental resource management, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Rapid assessment, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, Construct (philosophy)
Abstract: • Vulnerability indices for Alaskan communities are created and tested for construct and external validity.
Published: 2016
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26. Evaluating changes in marine communities that provide ecosystem services through comparative assessments of community indicators

Author: Johanna J. Heymans, Jennifer L. Boldt, Scott I. Large, Didier Jouffre, Ibrahima Diallo, Gro I. van der Meeren, Morgane Travers-Trolet, F Borges Maria, Henn Ojaveer, Jorge Tam, Kristin N. Marshall, Marta Coll, Alida Bundy, Kristin M. Kleisner, Chiara Piroddi, Stephani G. Zador, Yunne-Jai Shin, Maria Angeles Torres, Christopher P. Lynam, Lynne J. Shannon, Maria J. Juan Jordá, Didier Gascuel, K. Tsagarakis, Clive Fox, Sea Around Us Project, University of British Columbia (UBC), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Pacific Biological Station (PBS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura (CNSHB), Scottish Marine Institute, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Marine Research Division, AZTI, Earth to Ocean Research Group (SFU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Water Resources Unit [Ispra], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Fisheries Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Coastal Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: Community metric, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fishing impacts, Geography, Planning and Development, Population, Context (language use), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Ecological indicator, Ecosystem services, Comparative approach, IndiSeas, Abundance (ecology), Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), education.field_of_study, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, ecological indicator, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Fishing impacts, Geography, 13. Climate action, comparative approach, business, community metric
Abstract: We would like to thank the IndiSeas Working Group, endorsed by IOC-UNESCO (www.ioc-unesco.org) and the European Network of Excellence Euroceans (www.eur-oceans.eu). KMK was supported by Conservation International and the Sea Around Us project, a collaboration between The University of British Columbia and The Pew Charitable Trusts. MC was partially supported by the EC Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. LJS was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). YJS and MIT were supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-11). US and YS were also funded by the European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7, Contract no. 212085). CPL was supported by Defra project MF1228 (From Physics to Fisheries) and DEVOTES (DEVelopment of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) funded by EU FP7 (grant Agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu. GIvdM was partially supported by the Norwegian Nature Index programme and the Institute of Marine Research, Norway. HO was funded was funded by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant SF0180005s10). MAT was funded by a predoctoral FPI fellowship from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). MJJJ was supported by the EC Marie Curie IOF Grant, PIOF-GA-2013-628116. We acknowledge all those who conducted surveys to collect the data used in this study.; Fisheries provide critical provisioning services, especially given increasing human population. Understanding where marine communities are declining provides an indication of ecosystems of concern and highlights potential conflicts between seafood provisioning from wild fisheries and other ecosystem services. Here we use the nonparametric statistic, Kendall's tau, to assess trends in biomass of exploited marine species across a range of ecosystems. The proportion of 'Non-Declining Exploited Species' (NDES) is compared among ecosystems and to three community-level indicators that provide a gauge of the ability of a marine ecosystem to function both in provisioning and as a regulating service: survey-based mean trophic level, proportion of predatory fish, and mean life span. In some ecosystems, NDES corresponds to states and temporal trajectories of the community indicators, indicating deteriorating conditions in both the exploited community and in the overall community. However differences illustrate the necessity of using multiple ecological indicators to reflect the state of the ecosystem. For each ecosystem, we discuss patterns in NDES with respect to the community-level indicators and present results in the context of ecosystem-specific drivers. We conclude that using NDES requires context-specific supporting information in order to provide guidance within a management framework. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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27. Applications of spatial statistical network models to stream data

Author: Isaak, Daniel J., Peterson, Erin E., Ver Hoef, Jay M., Wenger, Seth J., Falke, Jeffrey A., Torgersen, Christian E., Sowder, Colin, Steel, E. Ashley, Fortin, Marie-Josée, Jordan, Chris E., Ruesch, Aaron S., Som, Nicholas, Monestiez, Pascal, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), CSIRO Division of Computational Informatics, EcoSciences Precinct, National Marine Mammal Laboratory (MML), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Trout Unlimited, US Geological Survey [Fairbanks], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, University of Washington [Seattle]-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington [Seattle], Statistics Department, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), and Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Streams and rivers host a significant portion of Earth's biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services for human populations. Accurate information regarding the status and trends of stream resources is vital for their effective conservation and management. Most statistical techniques applied to data measured on stream networks were developed for terrestrial applications and are not optimized for streams. A new class of spatial statistical model, based on valid covariance structures for stream networks, can be used with many common types of stream data (e.g., water quality attributes, habitat conditions, biological surveys) through application of appropriate distributions (e.g., Gaussian, binomial, Poisson). The spatial statistical network models account for spatial autocorrelation (i.e., nonindependence) among measurements, which allows their application to databases with clustered measurement locations. Large amounts of stream data exist in many areas where spatial statistical analyses could be used to develop novel insights, improve predictions at unsampled sites, and aid in the design of efficient monitoring strategies at relatively low cost. We review the topic of spatial autocorrelation and its effects on statistical inference, demonstrate the use of spatial statistics with stream datasets relevant to common research and management questions, and discuss additional applications and development potential for spatial statistics on stream networks. Free software for implementing the spatial statistical network models has been developed that enables custom applications with many stream databases.
Published: 2014
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28. Spatial sampling on streams: principles for inference on aquatic networks

Author: Som, Nicholas A., Monestiez, Pascal, Ver Hoef, Jay M., Zimmerman, Dale L., Peterson, Erin E., United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Marine Mammal Laboratory (MML), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Iowa [Iowa City], CSIRO Computational Informatics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), US Fish & Wildlife Service, CSIRO Division of Computational Informatics, and EcoSciences Precinct
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, sampling design, stream networks, spatial statistics
Abstract: International audience; For ecological and environmental data, prior inquiries into spatial sampling designs have considered two-dimensional domains and have shown that design optimality depends on the characteristics of the target spatial domain and intended inference. The structure and water-driven continuity of streams prompted the development of spatial autocovariance models for stream networks. The unique properties of stream networks, and their spatial processes, warrant evaluation of sampling design characteristics in comparison with their two-dimensional counterparts. Common inference scenarios in stream networks include spatial prediction, estimation of fixed effects parameters, and estimation of autocovariance parameters, with prediction and fixed effects estimation most commonly coupled with autocovariance parameter estimation. We consider these inference scenarios under a suite of network characteristics and stream-network spatial processes. Our results demonstrate, for parameter estimation and prediction, the importance of collecting samples from specific network locations. Additionally, our results mirror aspects from the prior two-dimensional sampling design inquiries, namely, the importance of collecting some samples within clusters when autocovariance parameter estimation is required. These results can be applied to help refine sample site selection for future studies and further showcase that understanding the characteristics of the targeted spatial domain is essential for sampling design planning. Published 2014. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Published: 2014
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29. Towards an acoustic-based coupled observation and modelling system for monitoring and predicting ecosystem dynamics of the open ocean

Author: Patrick H. Ressler, Alex De Robertis, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Olivier Maury, Louis du Buisson, Nils Olav Handegard, Geir Huse, Olav Rune Godø, Patrice Brehmer, Rudy J. Kloser, Stewart J Chalmers, Gavin J. Macaulay, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Flødevigen Research Station (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, mid-trophic level, observatories, Ecosystem models, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, platforms of opportunity, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Apex predator, Trophic level, Ground truth, Biomass (ecology), business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fisheries acoustics, Environmental resource management, micronekton, Sampling (statistics), 15. Life on land, Metadata, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, fisheries acoustics
Abstract: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00480.x/abstract; International audience; Assessment of open-ocean ecosystems relies on understanding ecosystem dynamics, and development of end-to-end ecosystem models represents an approach that addresses these challenges. These models incorporate the population structure and dynamics of marine organisms at all trophic levels. Satellite remote sensing of ocean colour and direct at-sea measurements provide information on the lower trophic levels of the models, and fisheries studies provide information on top predator species. However, these models suffer from a lack of observations for the so-called mid-trophic levels, which are poorly sampled by conventional methods. This restricts further development, and we argue that acoustic observations from a range of platforms (e.g. buoys, moorings) can be linked to the ecosystem models to provide much-needed information on these trophic levels. To achieve this, the models need to be tailored to incorporate the available acoustic data, and the link from acoustic backscatter to biologically relevant variables (biomass, carbon, etc.) needs attention. Methods to progress this issue are proposed, including the development of observation models and focal areas for ground truthing. To ensure full use of the potential of acoustic techniques, we argue that a systematic and long-term strategy incorporating the following elements is required: development of metadata standards and automated data analysis, inclusion of acoustic sensors in large-scale observatory programmes, improvement of observation-model links, and efficient sampling strategies. Finally, these elements should be tied together in an observation-modelling framework, coordinated by international organizations, to improve our understanding and quantification of open-ocean ecosystem dynamics.
Published: 2012
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30. Spatial modelling and prediction on river networks: up model, down model or hybrid?

Author: Jay M. Ver Hoef, Pascal Monestiez, Vincent Garreta, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Covariance function, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geostatistics, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Kriging, Environmental monitoring, Environmental impact assessment, 0101 mathematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Ecological Modeling, Model selection, STREAM NETWORK, KRIGING, 6. Clean water, Water resources, 13. Climate action, WATER RESOURCES, Environmental science, COVARIANCE FUNCTION, Water quality, GEOSTATISTICS
Abstract: Preservation of rivers and water resources is crucial in most environmental policies and many efforts are made to assess water quality. Environmental monitoring of large river networks are based on measurement stations. Compared to the total length of river networks, their number is often limited and there is a need to extend environmental variables that are measured locally to the whole river network. The objective of this paper is to propose several relevant geostatistical models for river modelling. These models use river distance and are based on two contrasting assumptions about dependency along a river network. Inference using maximum likelihood, model selection criterion and prediction by kriging are then developed. We illustrate our approach on two variables that differ by their distributional and spatial characteristics: summer water temperature and nitrate concentration. The data come from 141 to 187 monitoring stations in a network on a large river located in the Northeast of France that is more than 5000 km long and includes Meuse and Moselle basins. We first evaluated different spatial models and then gave prediction maps and error variance maps for the whole stream network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2009
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31. Semipermeable Membrane Devices Link Site-Specific Contaminants To Effects: Part II – A Comparison Of Lingering Exxon Valdez Oil With Other Potential Sources Of CYP1A Inducers In Prince William Sound, Alaska

Author: Jeffrey W. Short, Stanley D. Rice, Peter V. Hodson, Colin Khan, Larry Holland, Kathrine R. Springman, Marie L. Larsen, Catherine A. Sloan, Mandy R. Lindeberg, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and Queen's University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, Chrysene, media_common.quotation_subject, Biological Availability, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, Animals, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Life Sciences, General Medicine, Pesticide, Contamination, Creosote, Petroleum, Semipermeable membrane devices, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Enzyme Induction, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout, Alaska, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: We deployed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on beaches for 28 days at 53 sites in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to evaluate the induction potential from suspected sources of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A)-inducing contaminants. Sites were selected to assess known point sources, or were chosen randomly to evaluate the region-wide sources. After deployment, SPMD extracts were analyzed chemically for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results were compared with hepatic CYP1A enzyme activity of juvenile rainbow trout injected with the same extracts prior to clean-up for the chemical analyses. Increased CYP1A activity was strongly associated with PAH concentrations in extracts, especially chrysene homologues but was not associated with POPs. The only apparent sources of chrysene homologues were lingering oil from Exxon Valdez, asphalt and bunker fuels released from storage tanks during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, creosote leaching from numerous pilings at one site, and PAH-contaminated sediments at Cordova Harbor. Our results indicate that PWS is remarkably free of pollution from PAH when nearby sources are absent as well as from pesticides and PCBs generally.
Published: 2008
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32. Towards individual-owned and owner-operated fleets in the Alaska Halibut and Sablefish IFQ program

Author: Amber Himes-Cornell, Marysia Szymkowiak, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment [Newark] (CEOE), University of Delaware [Newark], Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Fishing, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Development, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Profit (economics), Lease, Owner-on-board, Shareholder, Economics, Operations management, 14. Life underwater, Adaptive management, Anecdotal evidence, Water Science and Technology, Finance, biology, Hired skipper, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Incentive, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Active participation measures, Quota share, business, Sablefish, Second-generation shareholders
Abstract: Although numerous IFQ programs include active participation measures intended to retain or transition fishing privileges to active fishermen, there has been limited research on the efficacy of these measures. This study addresses this gap by examining the impacts of active participation measures in the Alaska halibut and sablefish IFQ program, which were intended to provide for an ultimate transition of the catcher vessel fleets in these fisheries to becoming fully individual-owned and owner-operated. This paper shows that the effectiveness of these measures has been mixed and constrained by apparently strong incentives for many initial recipients of quota shares to effectively lease their annual IFQ allocations (through the use of hired skippers) rather than to sell their quota shares. Perhaps most problematic is the emergence of a class of wholly absentee quota shareholders, who hold only nominal interest in the vessel upon which their IFQ is fished, do not share in the risk of fishing, and continue to profit from the fishery while residing far away from the actual fishing grounds. There is also anecdotal evidence of differing cultural contexts for hired skipper use and second-generation entry between the Seattle and Alaska-based fleets in the Alaska halibut and sablefish fisheries. Wherein acting as a hired skipper may be analogous to an apprenticeship that facilitates quota share acquisition in the Seattle fleet, Alaskan hired skippers may be more analogous to strict lessees, who ultimately compete for quota shares in a market that includes initial recipients and second-generation shareholders both of whom were gifted quota shares.
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33. Stable Isotope Models Predict Foraging Habitat of Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in Alaska.

Author: Zeppelin TK, Johnson DS, Kuhn CE, Iverson SJ, and Ream RR
Subjects: Alaska, Animals, Carbon Isotopes, Cluster Analysis, Diving, Erythrocytes metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Female, Fur Seals blood, Geography, Islands, Milk, Nitrogen Isotopes, Phylogeny, Ecosystem, Feeding Behavior, Fur Seals physiology, Isotope Labeling methods, Models, Biological
Abstract: We developed models to predict foraging habitat of adult female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values from plasma and red blood cells. Binomial generalized linear mixed models were developed using blood isotope samples collected from 35 adult female fur seals on three breeding colonies in Alaska during July-October 2006. Satellite location and dive data were used to define habitat use in terms of the proportion of time spent or dives made in different oceanographic/bathymetric domains. For both plasma and red blood cells, the models accurately predicted habitat use for animals that foraged exclusively off or on the continental shelf. The models did not perform as well in predicting habitat use for animals that foraged in both on- and off-shelf habitat; however, sample sizes for these animals were small. Concurrently collected scat, fatty acid, and dive data confirmed that the foraging differences predicted by isotopes were associated with diet differences. Stable isotope samples, dive data, and GPS location data collected from an additional 15 females during August-October 2008 validated the effective use of the models across years. Little within year variation in habitat use was indicated from the comparison between stable isotope values from plasma (representing 1-2 weeks) and red blood cells (representing the prior few months). Constructing predictive models using stable isotopes provides an effective means to assess habitat use at the population level, is inexpensive, and can be applied to other marine predators.
Published: 2015
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33 results on '"Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)"'

1. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009–30 November 2009

2. Runs of homozygosity in killer whale genomes provide a global record of demographic histories

3. Social Networks of Alaska Fishing Communities

4. Guidelines and quantitative standards to improve consistency in cetacean subspecies and species delimitation relying on molecular genetic data

5. Recent advances in understanding the effects of climate change on the world’s oceans

6. Towards climate resiliency in fisheries management

7. Climate science strategy of the US National Marine Fisheries Service

8. Comment on 'Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds'

9. A graphic novel from the 4th International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans

10. Fisheries allocations for socioeconomic development: Lessons learned from the Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program

11. Northeasternmost record of a North Pacific fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Alaskan Chukchi Sea

12. Ground-truthing social vulnerability indices of Alaska fishing communities

13. A review of molecular genetic markers and analytical approaches that have been used for delimiting marine mammal subspecies and species

14. Using nonlinear time warping to estimate North Pacific right whale calling depths in the Bering Sea

15. Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts

16. Linking ecosystem processes to communities of practice through commercially fished species in the Gulf of Alaska

17. Do Active Participation Measures Help Fishermen Retain Fishing Privileges?

18. Satellite telemetry of humpback whales off Madagascar reveals insights on breeding behavior and long-range movements within the southwest Indian Ocean

19. Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: Part 1 – Induction of CYP1A in rainbow trout from contaminants in Prince William Sound, Alaska

20. Whaling permits: Japan's whaling is unscientific

21. Ecopath with Ecosim as a model-building toolbox: Source code capabilities, extensions, and variations

22. Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support Services

23. Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species

24. Using Socioeconomic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being

25. Understanding vulnerability in Alaska fishing communities A validation methodology for rapid assessment of indices related to well-being

26. Evaluating changes in marine communities that provide ecosystem services through comparative assessments of community indicators

27. Applications of spatial statistical network models to stream data

28. Spatial sampling on streams: principles for inference on aquatic networks

29. Towards an acoustic-based coupled observation and modelling system for monitoring and predicting ecosystem dynamics of the open ocean

30. Spatial modelling and prediction on river networks: up model, down model or hybrid?

31. Semipermeable Membrane Devices Link Site-Specific Contaminants To Effects: Part II – A Comparison Of Lingering Exxon Valdez Oil With Other Potential Sources Of CYP1A Inducers In Prince William Sound, Alaska

32. Towards individual-owned and owner-operated fleets in the Alaska Halibut and Sablefish IFQ program

33. Stable Isotope Models Predict Foraging Habitat of Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in Alaska.

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33 results on '"Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)"'

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