Search

Livestock plays a significant role in food production, income generation, soil quality, transportation and the overall welfare of communities, especially in developing nations. Sheep and goats are vital sources of food, livelihood and urgent financial needs. Researching livestock practices can help optimize production, enhance productivity, and improve market access, ultimately boosting the economic well-being of developing communities. Research is needed to identify climate-resilient livestock practices, develop drought-resistant breeds, and optimize feed management strategies. By enhancing the resilience of livestock systems, research can help safeguard food security and livelihoods in the face of climate change. Climate change, evidenced by temperature changes and increased extreme weather events, negatively impacts traditional farming systems and livestock production by affecting pastures, feeds, water quality and livestock diseases. Breeds of the Coastal Zone of Western Desert (CZWD) such as the Barki sheep and goat as well as the Saidi breed in Upper Egypt (UE), have adapted to these harsh conditions and are crucial for smallholders. However, there's an information gap regarding these breeds' productivity in smallholder systems. This study utilizes the Twelve Month Monitoring (12MO) survey to estimate the productivity and demographic parameters of these breeds from 2018 to 2020.

In drylands, scientific research shows that mobile livestock systems derive the maximum social, environmental and economic benefits from these areas. These systems ensure both short-term security in case of shocks and, in the right conditions, investment capacity. However, it is difficult to develop indicators to understand and assess their contribution to territorial development, as they sit at the intersection between several scales of space and time, as well as of social and institutional organisation. The operational framework proposed here is aimed at rethinking the role of livestock systems in the sustainability of resources and societies in drylands. Six types of development indicators compare these three dimensions: characteristics of herds and of goods and services provided by the species bred, herd size, herd management system, management of land and resources use, access to state support, and dependence on markets. This framework invites policymakers to integrate these different scales in order to understand the adaption mechanisms and the risks associated with intervention.

Dans les régions sèches, les résultats scientifiques montrent que l'élevage mobile permet de tirer le meilleur profit social, environnemental et économique de ces espaces. Cette activité offre à la fois une sécurité à court terme en cas de choc et, dans de bonnes conditions, une capacité d'investissement. Il est cependant délicat d'élaborer des indicateurs pour comprendre et évaluer sa contribution au développement territorial car elle se situe à l'intersection de plusieurs échelles de temps, d'espace et d'organisation sociale et institutionnelle. Le cadre opérationnel proposé ici vise à repenser le rôle de l'élevage pour la durabilité des ressources et des sociétés des régions sèches. Six types d'indicateurs de développement croisent ces trois dimensions : caractéristiques du troupeau et des biens et services issus des espèces élevées, taille du troupeau, conduite d'élevage, gestion des ressources communautaires, accès aux soutiens de l'État, dépendance aux marchés, usage des terres et des ressources. Ce cadre invite les décideurs politiques à intégrer ces différentes échelles pour comprendre les mécanismes d'adaptation et les risques en cas d'intervention.

Specialization and intensification of agricultural systems and the search for profit have guided the evolution of agriculture to new farming models emerging to respond to a growing demand for food, despite the complementary relationships between crops and livestock farming activities which have been documented in many studies. This trend has increased the vulnerability of farms to shocks, decrease land productivity and impair water use efficiency. One of the major production systems in El Kef-Siliana transect is the tree-crop-livestock system which is nowadays characterized by many problems related to weak integration, low productivity and incomes and lack of inputs (especially fodder), etc. As a response to these challenges the new paradigm of sustainable production intensification as a part of an agroecological transition process, recognizes the need for a productive and remunerative agriculture which at the same time conserves and enhances natural resources and positively contributes to harnessing the environmental services. El Rhahla as a part of ALL is a typical zone where crop-livestock system is dominated, by a big herd of sheep raised on small olive groves. The same difficulties were always there in terms of productivity, profitability, and integration. Based on many observations and refereeing to some consultations with local actors and community, many bottlenecks were defined for this dominant production system, aiming to co-define a promoting transition pathway which can be reflected on field by actions. The used participatory approach was an exercise of “Visioning”, a focus group discussion conducted with the community of El Rhahla. This approach points to reflect the perception of farmers for a better desirable future for their activities as well as their community. The desires were then discussed and mapped referring to agroecology principles. The AE transition pathway identified in crop-livestock system in Rhahla suggests an emphasis on the diversific

The mountain of Kesra is located at an altitude of 1245 m with a very uneven relief. It belongs to the upper semi-arid bioclimatic stage. The range of soils is very diverse due to the extreme variability of substrates, climates, and plant species. Despite the richness of natural resources and heritage, and the ancestral know-how of local populations, the region of Kesra, continues to suffer from economic and social underdevelopment. Standard applications, which do not take into account the specificities of each area, often do not achieve the objectives of ecodevelopment and sustainability. The application of a holistic agroecological transition approach in this rural mountain area requires an inclusive co-design which takes into consideration the socio-ecological context (Natural resources use, agricultural practices, agroforestry, etc.). So, the main objective was to define and build context-specific agroecological transition pathways throw a solid methodology which combines literature review, consultation, and focus group discussions. The visioning approach was conducted with 12 farmers from the community to reflect on the state of agriculture in Kesra and to identify a desirable future of agriculture in 10 years (2022-2032) from their own perspective. This vision was discussed and debated referred to the 13 principals of agroecology. The AE transition pathway identified in Kesra suggests an emphasis on the diversification of local and natural based products to insure synergies between system components as a basis of a swift transition. The resulting impact pathway promotes increasing resilience to market and climate change, economic autonomy, diversifying market, and promotion of local products. Based on this approach and other research activities a set of actions will be executed during 2023 and 2024 to monitor the co-designed transition pathways and to scaling-up the agroecological transition in the mountainous areas like Kesra.

This research work was implemented under the CGIAR Initiative on “Transformational Agroecology across Food Land and Water Systems” in the frame of the WP3 “Inclusive Business Models and Financing Strategies” led by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDA. The aim of the work package 3 is to develop an inclusive Business Model that facilitates the agroecological transition through potential value chains. The objective of this report is to analyze, map and select the main value chains with potential to integrate the agroecological transition. The methodology is based on the secondary data analysis, rapid value chains analysis, agroecological assessment, focus group discussions and participatory approach with the main stakeholders. This report is organized in four sections: Section 1 provides an overview of the descriptive national statistics on kef and Siliana governorates. Section 2 presents the results obtained from the focus group discussions conducted at the living lab level. Section 3 analyzes, maps, and selects the main value chains with potential to integrate the agroecological principles. A SWOT analysis is also performed in this section and finally, section 4 concludes and provides a proposed business model value chain. As mentioned, a participatory approach was adopted through 4 focus group discussions at the living lab level and at the value chain level with all the relevant stakeholders through the organization of two workshops in Kef and Siliana governorates. The first focus group took place on October 5th, 2022, in El Kef (GDA Sers Rural Women) followed by three others focus groups on Seliana where the living lab is represented by SMSA 'Ankoud El Khir', SMSA ETTAWEN and SMSA Kouzira. These focus groups were organized on November 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 2022. The selection of the value chains by the members of the living lab was done according to a global evaluation matrix prioritizing the value chains based on a set of pre

Many questions and debates are being undertaken in the literature about the “context-specific transition pathways of agroecological transformations and their related conceptual, political, institutional, social, and other challenges and opportunities. Pilot projects for Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) are key areas where these questions and related assumptions can be tested, piloted, and reported for better lessons and future conceptualization. In this paper, we present the experience of the One CGIAR Initiative on Agroecology transformation for food, land and water systems, which adopted a transdisciplinary, participatory, and action-oriented approach aimed at enhancing food system resilience, equity, and sustainability. Even though the theory of change (ToC) of this initiative was quite clear and robust, its application on the ground, in seven countries, faced a strong challenge of contextualization, which then guided further adjustments of this ToC to better match local expectations thus leading to locally co-identified (co-designed) transition pathways which are the most relevant to local socioecological systems as well as to stakeholders' preferences and objectives. The paper presents some progress of the initiative implementation from Tunisia case studies thus highlighting a realistic approach (suite of activities), refined with national partners and local communities, for participatory co-design of “Agroecological Transition Pathways” at the living landscape (ALL) and food system levels. The identified (realistic) approach is composed of 10 key steps staring from 1) clearly defining the geographical and conceptual frontiers and intersections between living labs, innovation systems, production system, value chains, socioecological systems, etc. which will then support the clarification and identification of action areas and levels of operation of the ongoing program, 2) Stakeholders' mapping at different levels with identification of synergies and

Les pressions de dégradation, principalement dues aux activités humaines liées à la surconsommation et aux processus industriels, affectent la santé des sols par des dommages physiques ou l'introduction de polluants. À leur tour, ces processus perturbent la capacité des sols à fournir une série de services écosystémiques, impliquant ainsi des conséquences économiques, environnementales et sociétales majeures. Il est donc urgent de passer à l'action. L'ambitieuse mission de l'UE "Un pacte pour des sols sains en Europe" a pour objectif la création de 100 "Living Labs" et "Lighthouses" régionaux, véritables centres de connaissances et d'innovation, capables de créer et de tester, conjointement, des pratiques et des solutions de gestion des sols permettant d'améliorer la santé de ceux-ci. L'ambition de la mission d'obtenir des effets visibles grâce à ses huit objectifs spécifiques rend nécessaire un déploiement régulier et efficace des "Living Labs", ainsi qu'un bon fonctionnement et une capitalisation efficace des résultats. À cet effet, les "Living Labs" doivent être bien ancrés, sur la base de communautés fortes et engagées, conscientes des besoins spécifiques des sols dans le cadre de la mission et de l'accès aux réseaux de connaissances et d'échange de connaissances. Sous la coordination de BUSINESSMED et dans le cadre de l'évènement d'engagement en Tunisie organisé en collaboration avec ICARDA à travers "The CGIAR Agroecology Initiative", le projet NATI00NS assistera et agira en tant que médiateur pour la mission, en adressant les principaux messages de sensibilisation aux parties prenantes nationales. Cette présentation propose un examen des principes d'un Laboratoire Vivant/Paysage Vivant et de la manière dont ces principes ont été pris en compte dans l'Initiative Agroécologie afin de souligner et de comprendre les principaux défis liés à la mise en oeuvre et à l'opérationnalité d'un laboratoire vivant.

This presentation forms an integral part of a comprehensive training program designed for senior agricultural staff in Tunisia, focusing on the agroecological initiative. The primary objective is to acquaint participants with the agroecology transition, as exemplified by the OneCGIAR initiative. The presentation aims to impart both knowledge and practical skills, equipping attendees with a profound understanding of the fundamental principles of agroecology, living landscapes, and transition pathways. By enhancing their comprehension of these concepts, the training endeavors to empower participants to make well-informed decisions and implement sustainable practices within their respective agricultural contexts. Ultimately, this training contributes significantly to fostering participants' motivation, engagement, and a proactive commitment to advancing a global movement for ecologically harmonious and socially equitable agriculture. The ProSol Project in Tunisia collaborates with the CGIAR Initiative on Agroecology to organize this training.

The purpose of this Context Assessment is threefold: first, to characterize the environmental, social, economic, and political contexts of the Tunisian Agroecological Living Landscape (ALL); second, to understand the data and information currently available in the sub-region of this ALL; and third, to characterize the extent to which agroecological principles are already being employed locally at the ALL level. This report constitutes a basis of information and discussion to conduct an impact assessment. It is also valuable to all work packages in the CGIAR Initiative on Agroecology as it provides critical quantitative and qualitative data and information regarding capacity assessment, policy influence, and other environmental attributes that can guide the implementation and impact of the Initiative in 2023–2024.

Agroforestry-based food systems play a critical role in many dryland regions of the word, including Tunisia. These farming systems offer a range of benefits such as diversification of food and income resources for local communities, biodiversity conservation, and environmental resilience. Fig trees, olives, carob, and honey are common features of these Mediterranean agroforestry landscapes, and their produce is a traditional staple in many cuisines. In Tunisia, fig trees are often grown alongside other crops, such as olives, and under agroforestry-based farming systems that integrate crops and trees. However, in the particular case of Kesra region, in central Tunisia, where agroforestry-based farming systems prevail, there are many signs of degradation and environment stress (resources scarcity, poor waste management, biodiversity loss of figs and olives, decreased food resources for bees, declining health of soil, decreased water availability and natural springs, etc.) including market competition. While this system provides a diversity of food products, the opportunity for valorisation outside the usual markets remains also low. A multistakeholder platform (MSP) engaging the community members of Kesra region around the above problems was set in 2022/2023. The MSP was conceived on the co-building of a shared vision of the local systems over the next decade that fits to the agroecological principles of synergies, economic diversification, social value, and connectivity. Through the MSP, a context-specific sociotechnical innovation bundle was co-designed and being co-implemented as a mean to foster agroecology transformation around the agroforestry-based farming systems in Tunisia. The study shows that an inclusive participatory approach involving food system actors for the co-design of alternative agroforestry systems can lead to co-defining context specific innovations and technologies which offer immense potential for promoting food system transformation towards e

Agroecology is increasingly gaining importance around the world, including in Tunisia: It is defined as a holistic approach to redesign food systems in the purpose of concurrently achieving ecological, economic, and social sustainability. In this paper, we argue that principles behind the agroecological transition of food systems can be fully aligned with the holistic approach of One Health, and we provide an early conceptualization for that. Bridging the approaches of One Health and Agroecology can be a significant promise for enhancing sustainability. This integration provides a means to effectively tackle the multifaceted and interconnected challenges confronting food systems, particularly those related to the health of the environment, animals, and humans. Adopting best agricultural practices and technologies can help achieve this. Some illustrative examples that highlight possible linkages of One Health to the agroecological approaches include embracing recycling and biodiversity to safeguard environmental health, reduce the reliance on chemical inputs, improve productivity and therefore reduce GHG emissions intensity, help combat resistance to antibiotics, antiparasitic, antivirals and antifungals, and enhance food safety. Additionally, prioritizing animal health and welfare within agroecological practices serves to protect both animal and human health, by reducing the risk of zoonotic diseases and further ensuring food safety. These examples have found their practical way in the Integrated Herd-Health Package (I2HP) which is now being co-developed and co-designed by the triangular consortium of ICARDA, National and Regional stakeholders and farmers' groups. The herd structure and fitness component, the feed pillar, and the health component constitute the three key elements of this I2HP. The Integrated Herd-Health Package highlights how Agroecology and One health are interconnected and have the potential to significantly improve veterinary practices, public he

Agroecology is a farming approach which embrace a set of ecological principles, practices, and local knowledge generation to boost the resilience and adaptation of sustainable food systems. However, a transition towards agroecology food system is also not an easy task and involves the piloting of a set of very complex practices, tools, arrangements, and policies combined with behavioral changes and sustainable financing business models. This complexity and diversity of agroecology transition pathways is not easily captured using conventional productivity and sustainability indicators given that the 13 principles of agroecological transition need to be very contextualized and co-designed based on local priorities and on the agreed transition objectives across food system actors involved in this process. In the framework of the CGIAR Agroecology initiative, a consortium of research and development partners are coming together in semi-arid Tunisia to support agroecological transition in cereal-based, olive, and agroforestry systems. This initiative was setting some participatory interventions to stimulate the development and piloting of an agroecological transition pathways in these three farming systems. Once this is done, the impact assessment of the implementation of these transition pathways was then a key aspect to think about. That's also where the initiative team starts to co-develop very contextualized indicators of impact which fit to the local priorities and hotspots of biophysical and social degradation aspects. In another term, agroecology transition pathways are very contextualized at the landscape level, and thus need to also be monitored based on key contextual indicators. In our case, Northwest Tunisia, soil degradation was identified as one of the main (biophysical) threats and was thus considered as a main attribute for locally-designed indicators development. Participatory sessions were organised with few communities and other local stakeholders to c

This country brief is an output of the Agroecology Initiative's Work Package 5, dedicated to understanding and subsequently influencing behavior change and actor agency to achieve its goals. It leverages insights from an inventory of agroecology-related initiatives and key informant interviews to extract lessons from previous initiatives in Tunisia. The assessment encompasses their strategies and approaches for behaviour change, actor motivations, theories of change, as well as the successes and failures encountered by these initiatives.

Global food systems are moving away from the goals of sustainable development. In addition to the problems of undernourishment and inequity, these systems contribute to the degradation of natural resources, environmental pollution, and the loss of biodiversity. In this context, several initiatives are being launched by international bodies such as the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) in order to establish more equitable and ecologically, socially, and economically sustainable systems. The agro-ecological transition is seen to change towards sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. However, this transition faces many institutional, social, technical, economic, and environmental obstacles and challenges. The main objective of this study is to determine and understand these obstacles and to identify the factors that inhibit this agro-ecological transition in the Tunisian context. The study is based on the convictions of farmers, who represent not only the first link in the production chain but also the weakest link. The research methodology is based on a participatory approach and qualitative analysis. Focus groups, workshops and an open-ended survey were conducted with farmers in the north-eastern region of Tunisia, where the mixed crop-livestock system is omnipresent. A literature review preceded and accompanied the field study and the analysis of the results. This work was carried out within the framework of the "Agroecology" initiative launched by the CGIAR and implemented in Tunisia by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). The results of this study reveal many constraints perceived by farmers, mainly related to the climatic conditions, the institutional framework (notably the lack of incentive policies), the lack of financing mechanisms and the complexity of the acceptance and adoption of technical innovations at the farm level (lack of

Global population growth will require a 50% increase in food production by 2050. However, the current food system that promotes productivity and competitiveness has failed to provide nutritious food for all and contributes to environmental (gas emissions, pollution) and natural resources degradation (overexploitation). Therefore, a profound transformation towards ecological practices and techniques (biodiversity, natural processes, and recycling) can bring responses for designing and managing agricultural and food systems that are productive, resilient to climate change, ecologically and economically sustainable and socially equitable. In Tunisia, peasant and family farming represents 80% of farms and plays prominent role in social and food security. Olive based farming system prevails as one of the dominantly agricultural production systems in Tunisia and represents the main activity of more than two thirds of Tunisian farmers (390,000 out of 560,000). In the transect of El Kef-Siliana, in the semi-arid region of Tunisia, Olive plots are overwhelmingly owned by small scale producers, which comes with a set of challenges related to escalated soil degradation and extremely poor soil health, low productivity and incomes, and lack of commercial integration into effective value chains, etc. To help olive producers overcome these challenges, a co-design of sustainable agroecological intensification is required, which incorporates technological and organizational innovations at multiple scales with a focus on local value chain development. Current development policies in the region have emphasized inclusive and sustainable "value chains" as a key approach for systems transformation. However, due to the lack of strong administrative expertise in value chains, the implementation and proper use of this approach for rural development remains complicated. Based on this observation, and given the many local development bottleneck for this key production system, the aim of this

The present work analyzes the diversity of livestock assets and management, in relation to human and land assets and its contribution to the household resilience. The analysis conducted on 452family farms surveys in three agro ecological zones of Egypt: the rain fed agro-pastoral zone in the Coastal Zone of Western Desert (CZWD), the hot arid desert oasis in the New valley (NV), and the irrigated hot area of Nile Valley in Upper Egypt (UE). The traditional family farming in Egypt usually include multi-animal species-herd composed of large ruminants (cattle and/or buffalo) and small ruminants (sheep and/or goats), and eventually camels in desert areas, with backyard poultry. The diversity of household faming systems was analyzed according to four dimensions, i.e., human and land asset, livestock diversity and household resilience. The cross analysis based on Multiple Factorial Analysis (MFA) shows very close links between land and crop assets, livestock diversity assets and management under different agro-ecological conditions. There is no exclusive link with either groups, but resilience is positioned as a synthesis of different capacities of households to adapt hazards. The perception of adaptive capacity of local breeds highlights the major external constraints in each location. Overall, increase of monetary and food resilience are linked with livestock activity diversification, even with livestock management embedded in the agro-ecological environment and land asset constraints.

Analyzing the sustainability of grazing livestock farming systems in the drylands at the farm and household or territorial levels (in terms of food security, well-being, value chain performance, feed supply, and maintenance of common grazing resources) constitutes a major challenge in the context of global changes. In particular, social–natural interdependency in an entanglement of spatial and temporal scales complicates the development of a common and systematic framework for assessing the sustainability of these grazing livestock systems. Our objective is to give an overview of some fundamental sets of indicators usually used and elaborate on some principles to guide the sustainable assessment of grazing livestock systems in drylands. To do so, this paper reviews a set of empirical, theoretical, and methodological studies related to the analysis of risk, adaptability, vulnerability, resilience, and sustainability of livestock systems in drylands based on grazing (mostly pastoral systems, but also some integrated crop-livestock systems). More concretely, this review seeks to compile a set of indicators to inform the processes of assessing the sustainability of livestock socio-ecosystems. It points to the wide range of approaches that have been used to address the sustainability of grazing livestock systems, ranging from those that focus on ecological or social approaches to more integrated and systemic approaches; from indicator-based approaches to those focusing on processes; from quantitative approaches to those that point out the need to take qualitative aspects into consideration; and from research-based assessments to participatory approaches. Based on this review, we propose a multi-scale indicators framework combining scales of space, time, and coordination to address the sustainability of these livestock systems. This framework aims to constitute a sound basis for elaborating a system of information that will contribute to and support policymakers and devel

Understanding and representing the transformation of agricultural production systems has attracted increasing interest due to its importance for identifying drivers of changes and coping mechanisms in response to global challenges. These challenges are all the most pressing in North African countries exposed to a dramatic reduction in rainfall and increasing temperatures that affect sustainability in more than half of this semi-arid territory. This paper describes an improved way to understand such transformations through a cross-cutting analysis of crop–livestock system indicators over a period of 10 years in one community in Southern Tunisia. Our methodology is divided into four steps: (i) systems identification, (ii) indicator-based assessment of system crop–livestock sustainability, (iii) hierarchical clustering to identify sustainable intensification (SI)-based farm types and, finally, (iv) analysis of trajectories of these farm types. Results showed that the sustainability of the systems studied increasingly depends on diversification rather than intensification, which dominated in the 2000s. However, diversification has not necessarily improved socio-economic viability. Over the 10-year period, results revealed a dramatic increase of almost 50% in the population of small-scale farms whose viability depends on a range of on- and off-farm activities to meet the short-term needs that correspond to a buffer strategy. Additionally, the dominant SI processes were shown to be mostly based on diversification to livestock activities with both milking and fattening. Our holistic and timeline approach to system transformation makes it possible to account for sustainability between (systems) generations, which will be highly needed in future discussions about sustainability.

A large proportion of rural households, particularly in the dry land areas, representative for more than 10% of the world's land surface and up to 80% in Morocco, depend for their livelihoods on livestock. They exploit livestock's capacity to live in very harsh environments using herd-mobility at multiple scale level. Understanding the multiple contributions of livestock to the household and national economy raises complex research issues and challenges linked with the multitude of goods and services derived from livestock, their interactions with other family activities, and the local and national context. The objective of our research was therefore to analyse the diversity and assess the resilience of livelihood strategies of farming households oriented to livestock using a set of data collected in the dry land areas (oases and mountainous zones) of Morocco and discuss the livelihood outcome indicators. To achieve this, we have realized a cross-sectional analysis of livelihoods and adaptive capacity, to select a set of pertinent indicators. These indicators have been developed using an adapted version of the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) toolkit for pastoral and agropastoral household systems. Our results highlight the critical importance of livelihood diversification (off-farm diversification, livestock diversification, and crop diversification) in building household resilience and the livelihood outcomes. While livelihood strategies undoubtedly contribute to livelihood outcomes, there is also a critical iterative process, i.e., livelihood outcomes also influence the livelihood strategies at the farming households. The present work proposes an aggregated indicator of livelihood outcomes allowing us to capture the heterogeneity of living conditions of agropastoral systems by considering the main drivers of this system, i.e., mobility, livestock species, and physiological stage composition of the herd. This approach could constitute a valuable con

Building inclusive businesses with small-scale producers in the agro-food sector presents challenges, most notably in terms of governance and sustainability. These issues were explored through a Danone Egypt Ecosystem Project that sought to promote a replicable business model of milk collection centers to secure a dairy plant's sourcing while contributing to the socio-economic development of smallholders. Quality management was used to link a value chain approach and a localised agri-food system approach. The study showed that an inclusive business relying on non-inclusive coordination had limited efficiency. Decreasing power asymmetries and distances between partners seems central to ensuring sustainability.

Soil degradation is a complex process driven by many unfavourable technical, socioeconomic, and institutional factors. Inversing the soil degradation dynamics requires an integrated approach where a set of soil-friendly, social and organisational actions within the agroecological approach are needed for system transformation. Within the GIZ ProSol project in Tunisia, ICARDA's SWC@Scale project is now piloting integrated interventions in a degraded area of Siliana governorate, Northwest Tunisia, to further enhance the sustainable adoption of a set of agroecological soil and water conservation practices in mixed crop-livestock systems. ICARDA and its National Research and Development partners are implementing a full agroecological sociotechnical package with farm and landscape interventions with forage-based crop rotations, improved grazing practices, mechanical and green consolidation of degraded land, cultivation of Sulla and Cactus opuntia in marginal lands, small-scale mechanisation, capacity development, awareness raising on soil regeneration and support of community organisations. The interventions in the selected community aim to generate system transformation dynamics and re-locate the local marginal systems on a sustainable intensification pathway. The SWC@Scale project further aims to learn from this open living lab experience and track social changes and adoption behaviour of farmers in response to the agroecological socio-technical package's implementation of the “integrated system transformation” actions. Lessons learned are shared with the PROSOL programme leadership in Tunisia for scaling. For that, the project has developed an adapted version of the scaling scan tool which explores the scope for large dissemination of agroecological practices implemented in the study area. The tool led to identify the opportunities and constraints related to the scaling of the technological packages. Notably, the crucial ingredients revealed by the tool are the level o