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Background: Female orgasmic disorder is listed in the DSM-5 and is defined as the persistent or recurrent inability to have an orgasm. Many depressed women may experience sexual dysfunction, including female orgasmic disorder., Aim: The study sought to analyze the relationship between depressive disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their influence on the development of female orgasmic disorder., Methods: A total of 221 Dominican women participated in this case-control study. The case group consisted of 107 women diagnosed with female orgasmic disorder, while the control group consisted of 114 women without any sexual dysfunction., Outcomes: The diagnosis of ADHD was obtained from the participants' medical records, previously conducted using the DSM-5-TR criteria. The Beck Depression Inventory II was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms in both groups., Results: There was a significant relationship between female orgasmic disorder and ADHD and depression. The results of multiple logistic regression indicated that the highest risk of female orgasmic disorder was observed in women with ADHD (odds ratio [OR], 4.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.46-9.20; P < .001), women with severe depression (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.08-6.96; P = .04), and women who had sexual intercourse that focused on penetration (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.03-3.98; P = .04)., Clinical Implications: These findings may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of sexual disorders in women., Strengths and Limitations: This design selected all diagnosed cases of female orgasmic disorder and did not select a specific subgroup. However, some limitations must be considered. This study was conducted in a single clinic, although it should be noted that it is the main clinic for the treatment of sexual dysfunction in the country. A further limitation could be that this type of study design does not allow for statements about causality to be made., Conclusion: There is an increased risk of female orgasmic disorder in women with ADHD, with severe depression, and who engage in penetrative sex., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society of Sexual Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Pregnant women often experience anxiety due to pregnancy, negatively impacting their and their fetus' health. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as virtual reality (VR), could reduce anxiety levels, potentially impacting non-stress tests or the physiological responses of the pregnant woman and the fetus., Methods: A randomized clinical trial conducted between February and December 2022 involved 286 term pregnant women. They were divided into a VR intervention group (146 women) and a control group (140 women). The intervention consisted of 20 min of 3D glasses with images and sounds during a third-trimester nonstress test. Anxiety was measured using the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), alongside physiological parameters., Results: The VR group exhibited lower anxiety levels compared to controls (STAI score: Rosenthal's r: -0.54, p = 0.01; state anxiety: Rosenthal's r: -0.40, p = 0.001; trait anxiety: Rosenthal's r: -0.41, p = 0.001). Within the VR group, there was a significant reduction in trait anxiety (Rosenthal's r, 1.27; p < 0.001) and total anxiety (Rosenthal's r, 1.63; p < 0.001) post-intervention, along with decreased systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and maternal heart rate (p = 0.02)., Limitations: Future research could explore additional pregnancy-related variables, such as postpartum anxiety., Conclusions: The results confirm that the use of VR is beneficial for pregnant women and their fetuses, as it decreases anxiety levels, and improves physiological parameters such as blood pressure and maternal heart rate during the nonstress test. VR is a technique that is easy to integrate into the healthcare system due to its non-invasive and non-pharmacological nature., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Pesticides safeguard crop health but may diminish cholinesterase activity in farmers, potentially leading to psychiatric disorders like depression and suicide attempts. This study, with 453 participants (225 pesticide-exposed farmers, 228 non-farmers) in Almería, Spain, aimed to investigate the presence of depressive symptoms and suicide attempts, the decrease acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, and their relationship with pesticide exposure in farmers. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory, and blood samples were analyzed for AChE and BChE activity. Farmers showed significantly increased risk of moderate/severe depression and suicide attempts compared to non-farmers (OR = 2.18; p = 0.001), with highest risks observed among mancozeb users (OR = 2.76; p = 0.001 for depression) and malathion users (OR = 3.50; p = 0.001 for suicide attempts). Findings emphasize elevated depression and suicide risks among pesticide-exposed farmers, particularly associated with chlorpyrifos, mancozeb, and malathion exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Dyspareunia refers to painful sexual intercourse that negatively affects a person's psychological well-being and quality of life and can also have an impact on their partner, family, and social circle. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of women with dyspareunia and a history of sexual abuse in the Dominican Republic., Methods: This was a qualitative study based on Merleau-Ponty's hermeneutic phenomenology. Fifteen women with a diagnosis of dyspareunia and a history of sexual abuse participated. The study was carried out in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic., Results: In-depth interviews were conducted for data collection. Through inductive analysis using ATLAS.ti, 3 main themes were developed that represent women's experiences of dyspareunia and sexual abuse: (1) a history of sexual abuse as a background to dyspareunia, (2) living in fear in a society that revictimizes the survivor, and (3) the sexual consequences of dyspareunia., Discussion: In some Dominican women, dyspareunia stems from their history of sexual abuse, which was unknown to their families and partners. The participants experienced dyspareunia in silence and found it difficult to seek help from health care professionals. In addition, their sexual health was marked by fear and physical pain. There are individual, cultural, and social factors that influence the occurrence of dyspareunia; a better understanding of these factors is vital for planning innovative preventive strategies that reduce the progression of sexual dysfunction and its impact on the quality of life of people with dyspareunia., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).)

Introduction: Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety levels, maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and labor and birth outcomes., Methods: A total of 343 full-term pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 parallel groups: music therapy intervention (n = 104), virtual reality intervention (n = 124), and control (n = 115). The interventions were delivered during a nonstress test in the third trimester and during labor. Data were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. Measures included the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, maternal blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rates, and labor and birth outcomes. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621001647820)., Results: Women in the music therapy and virtual reality groups had lower levels of anxiety after a nonstress test (P < .001), and the women were more likely to have a reactive nonstress test (P < .001) compared with the control group. After the nonstress test and intervention were complete, the music therapy and virtual reality groups had significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P < .001), and maternal heart rate (P = .003) compared with the control group. Furthermore, fetuses in the control group were more likely to experience nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings compared with the music therapy and virtual reality groups, respectively (P = .004)., Discussion: Our findings support the use of music and virtual reality during nonstress tests and labor as nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce anxiety, improve maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and improve labor and birth outcomes. This research should be replicated in diverse perinatal settings., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).)

The continued expand of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, confinement measures and an urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional education to distance learning throughout the country affect the mental health of university students. This study analyzed state-trait anxiety levels of nursing students because of e-Learning during two periods of the COVID-19 confinement. A mixed follow-up study was used, which evaluates the same cohort cross-sectionally but with a longitudinal component. A sample of 460 nursing students of the Nursing Degree at the University of Lorca (Murcia) and University of Almería (Spain) completed an online anxiety level questionnaire using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) during the first and fourth weeks of the COVID-19 confinement. Total anxiety levels increased in the fourth week, as compared to the first week (first week: 50.4 ± 20.8 and fourth week: 59.9 ± 10.6 ( p < 0.001)). The linear regression model showed that the significant predictors for STAI anxiety in nursing students were being in the last year of the degree program, being female, and spending confinement in a house without a garden. In general, most nursing students were emotionally affected by high levels of anxiety of state-trait during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Although there are studies that show that some pesticides produce gonadal dysfunction and gonadal cancer in different animals, there are not many studiesregardinghumans. This study determined the prevalence and risk in humans of developing ovarian or testicular dysfunction or cancer in areas with distinct exposure to pesticides, which have endocrine disrupting properties. A population-based case-control study was carried out on humans living in ten health districts of Andalusia (Southern Spain) classified as areas of high or low environmental exposure to pesticides according to agronomic criteria. The study population included 5332 cases and 13,606 controls. Data were collected from computerized hospital records between 2000 and 2018.The risk of gonadal dysfunction or cancer was significantly higher in areas with higher use of pesticides in relation to those with lower use.

The objective of this case-control study was to identify psychosocial factors associated with vaginismus. One hundred twenty women were recruited and interviewed at the Institute of Human Sexuality, 40 with lifelong vaginismus, and 80 controls without vaginismus. Participants were matched for age, education, and date of admission. Women afraid of losing control during intercourse had 29.6 times greater likelihood of developing vaginismus ( p  < 0.01), as well as those afraid of suffering pain ( p  < 0.001) or being physically damaged (tearing) ( p  < 0.01). There is evidence that women have higher likelihood of vaginismus if they present fears of pain, injuries, bleeding, fear of losing control, and having a panic attack if they engage in sex with penetration.