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To verify the effect of supplementation of different doses of Whey Proteins for 12 weeks on the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX and on the alteration of the cellular diameter of the gastrocnemius muscle. Sample: 38 Wistar rats and supplemented for 12 weeks. The white portion of the right gastrocnemius muscle was embedded in Rna Latter solution and stored at -80 ° C and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The left gastrocnemius muscle was intended for histological analysis. Gene expression of MTOR mRNA had lower statistical significance in the groups of Whey 2, Whey 4, Whey 6 than in the control group, in the order of 100%, 97%, 96%, respectively. Likewise, the gene expression of MURF-1 mRNA had lower statistical significance in the groups of Whey 2, Whey 4, Whey 6 than the control group, in the order of 65%, 75%, 84%, respectively. In line, the gene expression MAFBX mRNA had lower statistical significance in the groups Whey 2, Whey 4, Whey 6 in relation to the control group, in the order of 99%, 97%, 99%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the cellular area of the gastrocnemius muscle between the groups. Therefore, supplementation of Whey Proteins at doses of 2, 4, 6 g / kg / day for 12 weeks in sedentary animals was not able to increase the gene expression of MTOR mRNA, however, it was able to reduce the gene expression of MURF -1 mRNA, MAFBX mRNA.

Aim: Systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of endurance training and Whey Protein supplementation on the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX. Materials and methods: To this systematic review was used the concepts of systematic review and meta-analysis proposed by Thomas, Nelson, Silverman (2012), and Berwanger et al., (2007), and the search followed procedures proposed by Navarro and Navarro (2012), and for the criteria of evaluation of the technical and scientific quality of the texts was used the scale proposed by Galna et al., (2009). Results and discursion: From 724 eligible studies, the sample was 4 original articles where we inferred that the models of endurance training adopted in the experiments, are, the following: Jump in liquid environment, motorized treadmill, and, in squatting apparatus for electric stimulation in the base and that in terms of experimental study in relation to the dose of the supplement, the prescribed was recommended by manuals; and about the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX, although had been verified it does not occurred due the endurance training and the Whey Protein supplementation and, therefore, absent. Conclusion: In terms of experimentation, it’s not found studies enough to compose the adequate procedure for a meta-analysis, even after a systematic review about the effects of endurance training and Whey Protein supplementation on the gene expression of MTOR, protein synthesis and the gene expression of MURF-1, MAFBx of protein degradation in wistar rats.

Introduction: Whey proteins have received great attention because of their benefits on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, body fat reduction, performance, appetite regulation, immune system regulation, regulation of the lipid profile and the combat against metabolic stress. In this sense, their importance is often overestimated, leading athletes and physical activity individuals to consume very high doses of protein, without the guarantee of additional benefits. Aim: For 12 weeks quantify the evolution of food intake and total body mass of Wistar rats supplemented with whey proteins with dosages of 2, 4, 6g/kg/day. Materials and methods: Approval protocol of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Maranhão nº 23115.014424 / 2015-54). An experimental research design was adopted with the rats being randomly distributed in 4 groups: Control Group (C), Supplemented groups (W2, W4, W6); the study was performed with 38 male Rattus novergicus Wistar rats with initial age of 60 days and body mass between 218 and 323 grams; supplementation with whey proteins dissolved in water followed the dosages 2, 4 and 6 g / kg / day supplementation was performed for 12 weeks, daily, three times a day, by volume of 5 ml, with an hour interval between each gavage. Variables were tested for distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P> 0.05). The data of the feed consumption were analyzed by the ANOVA test; the classification variable was the interaction between feed consumption or body mass and supplementation (C, W2, W4, W6); the Tukey post-test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups (C, W2, W4, W6), GraphPad Prism 7 software was used. Results: The mean intake of rations in the control group did not present a statistically significant difference in relation to the Whey 4 group at weeks 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) and 5 (p=0,2539). There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey 4 group at weeks 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) and at the final week (p=0,0138). Likewise, there was a significant statistical difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey group 6 in the final week (p=0,0048). In the same sense, there was a statistically significant difference in the total body mass increase of the Whey 2 group compared to the Whey 6 group in weeks 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) and in the final week (p=0,0289). Discussion: Diets with high protein content play an important role in satiety due to its involvement with intestinal production of several anorectic hormones, which in turn stimulate the vagus nerve, promoting neuronal stimuli to the solitary tract nucleus, signaling satiety. As a result, the long-term ingestion of a high-protein diet reduces not only food intake, but also body mass and body adiposity in rats. Conclusion: Supplementation with serum whey proteins at doses of 4 and 6 g/kg/day in sedentary animals conferred stability over total body weight and a significant reduction in feed intake over 12 weeks. Supplementation with serum whey proteins at 2 g/kg/day in sedentary animals did not lead to a reduction in the average feed intake and showed a similar effect to the other doses on total body weight.

Objetivo: Foi de realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre efeitos na função renal da suplementação de whey proteins e do treinamento físico em ratos e camundongos. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão narrativa com fundamentação em artigos oriundos das bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Dialnet, Medline/Pubmed e Web of Science Resultados: Quinze artigos foram selecionados a partir de combinações entre as palavras de busca whey proteins, resistance training, creatinine, ureia, proteinuria. Discussão: Dentre os estudos apresentados observou-se com base nos procedimentos de cada um que há necessidade de investigações que aliem dietas hiperproteicas em diversas doses, intensidade do treinamento, tipo do treinamento e avaliação completa da função renal, de modo que corrobore com as medidas clínicas comumente utilizadas para diagnótico em nefrologia. Nesse sentido, os procedimentos de investigação da função renal a nível bioquímico e morfológico adotados para as futuras investigações pré-clínicas precisam corroborar com os fatores que influenciam nos marcadores renais como as dietas hiperproteicas e o treinamento, haja vista que a Doença Renal Crônica pode ser multifatorial. Conclusão: os procedimentos utilizados para a avaliação da função renal em estudos com tratamento de dietas hiperproteicas e treinamento em ratos e camundongos, podem ser no conjunto inadequados ou inconclusivos. Haja vista que se faz necessário a associação com mais de um marcador sérico e urinário para verificação da depuração do analito, bem como associação a estado de hidratação, conteúdo da dieta e composição corporal.

Introdução: O exercício físico resistido agudo e crônico tem como característica a realização de estímulos de curta duração com séries repetidas contra uma resistência, além de ser um potente estímulo à síntese proteica do músculo esquelético. Esta alteração em termos de aumento da massa do músculo esquelético depende da relação temporal entre síntese de proteína muscular e degradação de proteína muscular. A investigação dessas vias é de grande importância para o estudo da hipertrofia do músculo esquelético. Trabalhos realizados com animais de laboratório como ratos ou camundongos tem grande relevância devido algumas características como por exemplo, maior homogeneidade das amostras além de maior facilidade no controle de variáveis como carga de treinamento e principalmente sobre ingesta calórica. Na literatura científica existem diversos modelos de exercício físico agudo e crônico realizados com ratos e camundongos, além da suplementação por diferentes fontes de proteína, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento dessas vias de regulação da síntese e degradação proteica. Objetivo: Uma revisão narrativa sobre os efeitos do exercício físico resistido agudo e crônico com ou sem suplementação na expressão gênica de MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX. Materiais e métodos: Essa revisão foi baseada no portal Periódicos Capes; Medline e Lilacs; PubMed; Scielo.org; Scielo.br; Redib; Dialnet. Resultados e Discussão: Dos 24 artigos revisados, foram divididos em 13 modelos de intervenção diferentes. Modelos separados de acordo com o tempo do estímulo: agudo ou crônico; tipo de estímulo: aeróbio, resistido ou combinados; modelo experimental e com ou sem suplementação de whey proteins. Conclusão: Em relação ao estudo das vias de síntese e degradação proteica, foi possível observar a utilização de diferentes modelos experimentais e tipos de estímulo.

Objetivo: identificar o perfil de consumo alimentar de macronutrientes em atletas de futsal nas categorias Sub-13, Sub-15 e Sub-17. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com 46 atletas do sexo masculino, com estatura mínima de 1,36m e máxima de 1,78m, com peso mínimo de 32,00kg e máximo 62,55kg, nas categorias sub 13 (n=12), 15 (n=21), 17 (n=14). O estudo foi baseado em análise documental do projeto. Foi aplicado o recordatório alimentar habitual para investigar o padrão de consumo dos atletas, esse recordatório registrou os tipos de alimentos e a quantidade, em medidas caseiras, consumida nas últimas 24 horas pelo atleta. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Avanutri® e comparados às recomendações. A coleta de dados foi realizada antes dos treinos da equipe, o recordatório foi aplicado individualmente. A análise estatística foi a descritiva. Resultados e Discussão: O consumo médio de proteína do Sub-13 foi de 15,85%, do Sub-15 foi de 15,48% e do Sub-17 foi de 15,41%. O consumo médio de Carboidratos do Sub-13 foi de 57,54%, do Sub-15 foi de 62,33% e do Sub-17 foi de 59,37. O consumo médio de Lipídios do Sub-13 foi de 25,92%, do Sub-15 foi de 20,04% e do Sub-17 foi de 23,04%. Conclusão: Desta maneira podemos concluir que o consumo alimentar presente nos atletas das categorias Sub-13, Sub-15 e Sub-17 encontram-se em desacordo com as recomendações nutricionais. Nesse sentido é provável que tenham esses atletas prejuízos no desempenho. ABSTRACT Futsal athletes food profile in sub-13, sub-15 and sub-17 categories Objective: To identify the profile of food consumption of macronutrients in indoor soccer players in Sub-13 categories, Sub-15 and Sub-17. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study, conducted with 46 male athletes with a minimum height of 1,36m and maximum 178 cm, minimum weight 32,00kg and maximum 62,55kg, in sub categories 13 (n = 12), 15 (n = 21), 17 (n = 14). The study was based on documentary analysis of the project. usual food recall was used to investigate the pattern of consumption of the athletes, this usual food recall recorded the types of food and the quantity, in household measures, consumed the last 24 hours by the athlete. Data were analyzed by Avanutri® program and compared to the recommendations. Data collection was carried out before the team training, the usual food recall was applied individually. Statistical analysis Descriptive. Results and Discussion: The protein intake the Sub-13 was 15.85%, the Sub-15 was 15.48% and the Sub-17 was 15,41%. The average consumption of carbohydrates the Sub-13 was 57.54%, the Sub-15 was 62.33% and the Sub-17 was 59.37. The average consumption of Lipids Sub-13 was 25.92%, the Sub-15 was 20.04% and the Sub-17 was 23.04%. Conclusion: Thus we can conclude that the present food consumption in athletes of the Sub-13 categories, Sub-15 and Sub-17 are at odds with the nutritional recommendations. In this sense it is likely to have these athletes losses in performance.