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We present an implementation of the Yennie--\-Frautschi--\-Suura (YFS) scheme for the all-orders resummation of logarithms from the emission of soft real and virtual photons in processes that are critical for future lepton colliders. They include, in particular, $e^-e^+\to f\bar{f}$ and $e^-e^+\to W^-W^+$, where we validate the results of our implementation, improved with fixed-order corrections, with those obtained from the most precise calculations. We also show, for the first time, results for the Higgs-Strahlungs process, $e^-e^+\to ZH$, in YFS resummation including fixed-order improvements up to order $\alpha^3L^3$., Comment: Submission to SciPost. 25 pages, 9 figures. v2 Minor corrections

Under-developed social and emotional learning (SEL) skills limit educational progress and make it difficult for children and young people with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) ...

Diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality globally. Recent epidemiological studies conducted in low-middle income countries (LMICs) identified Shigella spp. as the first and second most predominant agent of dysentery and moderate diarrhoea, respectively. Antimicrobial therapy is often necessary for Shigella infections; however, we are reaching a crisis point with efficacious antimicrobials. The rapid emergence of resistance against existing antimicrobials in Shigella spp. poses a serious global health problem. Here, aiming to identify alternative antimicrobial chemicals with activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Shigella, we initiated a collaborative academia-industry drug discovery project, applying high throughput phenotypic screening across broad chemical diversity. We identified several suitable compounds with antibacterial activity against Shigella. These compounds included the oral carbapenem tebipenem, which was found to be highly potent against broadly susceptible Shigella and contemporary MDR variants. Additional in vitro screening demonstrated that tebipenem had activity against a wide range of other non-Shigella enteric bacteria. Cognisant of the risk for the development of resistance against monotherapy, we identified synergistic behaviour of two different drug combinations incorporating tebipenem. The orally bioavailable prodrug (tebipenem pivoxil) effectively cleared the gut of infecting organisms when administered in physiological doses to Shigella-infected mice and gnotobiotic piglets. Our data highlight the utility of broad compound screening for tackling the emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis and shows that tebipenem pivoxil (licenced for paediatric respiratory tract infections in Japan) could be repurposed as an effective treatment for severe diarrhoea caused by MDR Shigella and other enteric pathogens in LMICs.

This paper argues that Philippe Van Parijs’s original arguments for an unconditional basic income, while representing a distinctive proposal, rest on flawed assumptions. A contrast is drawn between Rawls’s anti-capitalism and Van Parijs’s defence of an optimised capitalism. His UBI proposal leaves in place the social power of the rentier-investor class and undermines effective political agency. This poses a problem for achieving a sufficient level of a UBI given its grounding on gifts and rents. The innovation of treating labour market rents as the source of a UBI involves a tension between full employment policy and that which a liberal state may promote. A UBI is also likely to be inflationary in a self-stultifying way. An alternative view, drawing on the work of Keynes, Kalecki and Minsky, is developed. Ultimately Van Parijs’s “Left Rawlsianism” collapses into Rawls’s anti-capitalist conception of a property-owning democracy.

Background People live socially complex lives and have different health care needs influenced by socio-economic factors such as deprivation, unemployment, and poor housing. Lack of access to community based social care results in people seeking social support from health care services. This study explores the Life Rooms as a social prescribing model addressing the social determinants of mental health by providing support and access to resources in a local community setting. With an aim to identify key elements that contribute toward enhancing the effectiveness of the Life Rooms social prescribing approach. Methods Data were obtained through six semi-structured focus groups with mental health service users from two locations in the North West of the UK. Postcode data was collected to generate an Index for Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score, to understand their socio-economic background. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 18 participants took part in the study. The majority of participants came from disadvantaged backgrounds; 14 participants measuring 3 and below in terms of overall IMD scores and 9 participants belonged to the poorest decile (IMD score = 1). Participants reported on different elements of the Life Rooms which they found as an effective approach to care. Four main themes emerged from the data: 1) social belonging: being able to just ‘be’ 2) resourceful and accessible; 3) social inclusion and connectedness; and 4) moving forward: self-development and independence. Conclusion Findings support the need and benefit social prescribing to improve mental health wellbeing and reduce the burden of mental illness.

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a leading preventable cause of learning difficulties (Roozen et al., 2016). Caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol, the range of conditions within FASD are characterised by brain damage, cognitive deficits and a wide range of behavioural and social difficulties. Psychology graduates have a role to play in raising visibility of FASD, delivering evidence–based interventions and contributing to the research literature to generate knowledge about the developmental trajectories of FASD. In one project currently underway, we are investigating the impact of postnatal traumatic experiences on children with FASD – a combination which unfortunately may be widespread.

William Edmundson defines a neo-liberal view as one which is liberal but does not guarantee the fair value of political liberty. The advantage of the view is putatively higher overall welfare. This paper questions whether this trade off is genuine and argues that it is not.

Objective: We propose a computational framework for integrating diverse patient measurements into an aggregate health score and applying it to patient stability prediction. Materials and Methods: We mapped retrospective patient data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC) II clinical database into a discrete multidimensional space, which was searched for measurement combinations and trends relevant to patient outcomes of interest. Patient trajectories through this space were then used to make outcome predictions. As a case study, we built AutoTriage, a patient stability prediction tool to be used for discharge recommendation. Results: AutoTriage correctly identified 3 times as many stabilizing patients as existing tools and achieved an accuracy of 92.9% (95% CI: 91.6–93.9%), while maintaining 94.5% specificity. Analysis of AutoTriage parameters revealed that interdependencies between risk factors comprised the majority of each patient stability score. Discussion: AutoTriage demonstrated an improvement in the sensitivity of existing stability prediction tools, while considering patient safety upon discharge. The relative contributions of risk factors indicated that time-series trends and measurement interdependencies are most important to stability prediction. Conclusion: Our results motivate the application of multidimensional analysis to other clinical problems and highlight the importance of risk factor trends and interdependencies in outcome prediction.

This invited journal article discusses the arguments of Thomas Nagel's latest and most controversial book, Mind and Cosmos. It contextualises its arguments in Nagel's overall approach to philosophy and considers early criticism of the book and how it may be addressed.

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This paper considers an argument that justice as fairness requires liberal socialism as opposed to a property-owning democracy. It analyses the arguments for departing from Rawls’s principled agnosticism over the choice between liberal market socialism and property owning democracy. It questions the extension of Rawls’s fair value guarantee for the political liberties to all liberty and suggests an alternative interpretation of the kind of predistributive egalitarianism represented by a property-owning democracy.

Although traditional virtual patient simulations are designed to teach and assess clinical reasoning skills, few employ conversational dialogue with the patients. The virtual standardized patients (VSPs) described herein represent standardized patients that students interview using natural language. Students take histories and develop differential diagnoses of the VSPs as much as they would with standardized or actual patients. The student-VSP interactions are recorded, creating a comprehensive record of questions and the order in which they were asked, which can be analyzed to assess information-gathering skills. Students document the encounter in an electronic medical record created for the VSPs.The VSP was developed by integrating a dialogue management system (ChatScript) with emotionally responsive 3D characters created in a high-fidelity game engine (Unity). The system was tested with medical students at the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Students are able to take a history of a VSP, develop a differential diagnosis, and document the encounter in the electronic medical record.Accuracy of the VSP responses ranged from 79% to 86%, depending on the complexity of the case, type of history obtained, and skill of the student. Students were able to accurately develop an appropriate differential diagnosis on the basis of the information provided by the patient during the encounter.The VSP enables students to practice their history-taking skills before encounters with standardized or actual patients. Future developments will focus on creating an assessment module that will automatically analyze VSP sessions and provide immediate student feedback.

This article describes how evidence-based theory fuels an audit culture for teacher education in the USA, placing faculty under monitoring and surveillance, and severely constraining judgment, discretion, and professional decision-making. The national education reform efforts, Race to the Top and Common Core State Standards, demand fealty to evidence-based standards, while the Teacher Performance Assessment (EdTPA) requires teacher candidates to videotape their classroom lessons and submit the ‘evidence’ for review by external reviewers. The history of this theory, findings on the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System (TVAAS), a discussion between EdTPA and teacher education colleges, and examples of how faculty are expected to provide evidence of effectiveness, are all included in the article.

ObjectiveTo develop high-performance early sepsis prediction technology for the general patient population. MethodsRetrospective analysis of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (from the MIMIC II dataset) who were not septic at the time of admission. ResultsA sepsis early warning algorithm, InSight, was developed and applied to the prediction of sepsis up to three hours prior to a patient's first five hour Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) episode. When applied to a never-before-seen set of test patients, InSight predictions demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89-0.91) and a specificity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80-0.82), exceeding or rivaling that of existing biomarker detection methods. Across predictive times up to three hours before a sustained SIRS event, InSight maintained an average area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86). Analysis of patient sepsis risk showed that contributions from the coevolution of multiple risk factors were more important than the contributions from isolated individual risk factors when making predictions further in advance. ConclusionsSepsis can be predicted at least three hours in advance of onset of the first five hour SIRS episode, using only nine commonly available vital signs, with better performance than methods in standard practice today. High-order correlations of vital sign measurements are key to this prediction, which improves the likelihood of early identification of at-risk patients.

Introduction:\ud \ud Radiotherapy is often used to treat pain in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), although there is limited evidence to support this. The aim of this trial was to assess the role of radiotherapy for the treatment of pain in MPM.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud A multicentre, single arm phase II trial was conducted. Eligible patients fulfilled the following criteria: pathological or radiological diagnosis of MPM; pain secondary to MPM; radiotherapy indicated for pain control; and more than 18 years of age. Patients had assessments of pain and other symptoms at baseline and then received 20 Gy in five daily fractions. Key follow-up points were 5 and 12 weeks posttreatment. The primary end point measure was assessment of pain at the site of radiotherapy at 5 weeks. Secondary end points included effects on quality of life, breathlessness, fatigue, mood, toxicity, and the radiological response.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Forty patients were recruited from three UK oncology centers. Fourteen patients had a clinically meaningful improvement in their pain 5 weeks post radiotherapy (intention to treat), with five patients having a complete improvement. On the basis of a complete case analysis of the 30 patients assessable at week 5, 47% (confidence intervals, 28.3–65.7) of patients alive at week 5 had an improvement in their pain. There was no improvement in other key symptoms or quality of life.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud Radiotherapy for pain control in MPM is an effective treatment in a proportion of patients. Future studies examining differing radiotherapy regimens with a view to improving response rates are warranted.

Political realism criticises the putative abstraction, foundationalism and neglect of the agonistic dimension of political practice in the work of John Rawls. This paper argues that had Rawls not fully specified the implementation of his theory of justice in one particular form of political economy then he would be vulnerable to a realist critique. But he did present such an implementation: a property-owning democracy. An appreciation of Rawls s specificationist method undercuts the realist critique of his conception of justice as fairness.