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Introduction The surge of SARS-CoV-2-virus infected (COVID-19) patients presenting to New York City (NYC) hospitals quickly overwhelmed and outnumbered the available acute care and intensive care resources in NYC in early March 2020. Upon the arrival of military medical assets to the Javits Convention Center in NYC, the planned mission to care for non-SARS-CoV-2 patients was immediately changed to manage patients with (SARS-CoV-2)COVID-19 and their comorbid conditions. Healthcare professionals from every branch of the uniformed services, augmented by state and local resources, staffed the Javits New York Medical Station (JNYMS) from April 2020. Methods The data review reported aggregated summary statistics and participant observations collected by N.Y. State and U.S. military officials. Results During the 28 days of patient intake at the JNYMS, 1,095 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were transferred from NYC hospitals to the JNYMS. At its peak, the JNYMS accepted 119 patients in a single day, had a maximum census of 453, and had a peak intensive care unit census of 35. The median length of stay was 4.6 days (interquartile range: 3.1-6.9 days). A total of 103 patients were transferred back to local hospitals, and there were 6 deaths, with an overall mortality rate of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3-1.2). Discussion and Conclusions This is the first report of the care provided at the JNYMS. Within 2 weeks, this multi-agency effort was able to mobilize to care for over 1,000 SARS-CoV-2 patients with varying degrees of illness in a 1-month period. This was the largest field hospital mobilization in the U.S. medical history in response to a non-wartime pandemic. Its success with huge patient throughput including disposition and low mortality relieved critical overcrowding and supply deficiencies throughout NYC hospitals. The downstream impact likely saved additional hundreds of lives and reduced stress on the system during this healthcare crisis.

Context Concussions in ice hockey players are an interesting area of study due to the fast-paced and high-impact nature of the sport. Recently, researchers have focused on player performance after return from concussion to evaluate subclinical deficits that were previously missed. Objective To examine National Hockey League (NHL) player performance from 2013 to 2019 and compare performance before a concussion with performance immediately after recovering to assess the current NHL return-to-play protocol. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting The NHL Injury Viz and sports reporting websites. Patients or Other Participants Players in the NHL who sustained concussions from 2013 to 2019. Main Outcome Measure(s) Goals, assists, points, plus-minus, time on ice (TOI), and hits. Results When goals, assists, points, plus-minus, TOI, and hits were examined, only TOI was different after the players returned from injury, and this TOI difference was not substantively important. Conclusions After concussion, NHL player performance did not change.

INTRODUCTION: The surge of SARS-CoV-2 patients presenting to New York City (NYC) hospitals quickly overwhelmed and outnumbered the available acute care and intensive care resources in NYC Upon arrival of military medical assets to the Javits Convention Center in New York City, more than 100,000 local residents had already been infected and 5,000 residents had died METHODS: The JNYMS (Javits New York Medical Station) constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers with a capacity to house more than 4,000 patients Healthcare professionals from every branch of the uniformed services, augmented by state and local resources, staffed the JNYMS for April, 2020 All patient demographic data was collected on a computerized registry (maintained by the NY Department of Health) and clinical documentation was done using paper charts RESULTS: During the 28 days of patient intake at the JNYMS, 1,095 SARS-CoV-2 patients were transferred from NYC hospitals At its peak, the JNYMS accepted 119 patients in a single day (Figure 1), had a maximum census of 453, and had a peak ICU census of 35 The median length of stay was 4 6 days [IQR: 3 1-6 9 days] 103 patients [9 4%, 95% CI 7 7-11 3] were transferred back to local hospitals (87) or the USNS Comfort (16) There were 6 deaths, for an overall mortality rate of 0 6% [95% CI 0 3-1 2] however 27 ICU patients were transferred back to NYC hospitals, half were on ventilators and the majority were critically ill CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the care provided at the JNYMS Within 2 weeks, this multi-agency effort was able to mobilize to care for over 1000 SARS-CoV-2 patients with varying degrees of illness in a one-month period This large-scale mobilization at the height of the epidemic in NYC saved many more lives, as high-level medical care was afforded patients that would have over-loaded New York hospitals It allowed them to decompress while offering much needed healthcare provider relief In addition to the volume of patients cared for over this short period of time, this circumstance is unique in that this field hospital provided ICU level of care Notably, the JNYMS was able to discharge SARS-CoV-2 patients home in under 5 days, with a full supply of their required medications, thus freeing up NY City case management resources for other patients

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the relative contribution of five types of social support to improved patient health. This analysis suggests that emotional and esteem social support messages are associated with improved patient health as measured by a decrease in average blood glucose levels among diabetic patients. In addition, when two system feature variables, two system use variables, two measures of learning, one measure of self-efficacy, and one measure of affect toward their HCP were added to the baseline model, a third significant factor emerged. Perceptions about learning about diabetes from reading the digital messages sent by their HCP also predicted improved patient health. Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages suggests a combination of esteem social support and emotional social support messages enhanced our ability to predict improved patient health by change in patient hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) scores. While a nonrandomized prospective study, this investigation provides support for the notion that provider-patient interaction is related to improved patient health and that both emotional and esteem social support messages play a role in that process. Finally, the study suggests some types of social support are and other types are not associated with improved patient health; this is consistent with the optimal matching hypothesis.

This investigation examined the impact of social support messages on patient health outcomes. Forty-one American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian patients received a total of 618 e-mail messages from their healthcare provider (HCP). The e-mail messages were divided into 3,565 message units and coded for instances of emotional social support. Patient glycosulated hemoglobin scores (HbA1c) showed significantly improved glycemic control and emotional social support messages were associated with significant decreases in HbA1c values. Patient involvement with the system, measured by system login frequency and the frequency of uploaded blood glucose scores to the HCP, did not predict change in HbA1c.

In June 2001, more than 50 graduate students and Internet scholars gathered at the University of Maryland, College Park, and the University of California, Berkeley, to meet and discuss the state of Internet and society research at the first annual WebShop. Distinguished speakers presented their research and interacted with the students over a 3-week period. This article is a summary of those presentations and a brief analysis of the features of the 2001 WebShop.

The mass media use and social life of heavy, light, and nonusers of the Internet and personal computers are compared based on a fall 1998 survey of 3,993 nationally representative respondents age 18 and older. As in previous surveys, no significant or consistent evidence of time displacement of such media or social activities was found. Indeed, Internet users showed signs of more active social lives than non-users. These results reinforce the conclusion that personal computer/Internet use may have more in common with time-enhancing home appliances such as the telephone than they do with the time-displacing technology of television.

After World War II, the Japanese began to rebuild industrially by importing American formally rational technologies and fusing them with indigenous ones. Most importantly, they integrated formal rationality with practical, theoretical, and substantive rationalities to produce a “hyperrational” system. The synergy between these four types of rationality produced a level of rationality exceeding that found in formally rational American industry. It is argued that the growth in Japanese manufacturing can be traced to hyperrationality. In this paper, the existence of hyper‐rationality, its implications for the Japanese manufacturing sector, and possible avenues for future sociological research are demonstrated.

In 1980, about 40% of all large corporate Political Action Committees (PACs) had politically similar behavior. No alternative or opposing group of PACs was nearly as large. The bloc of PACs aggressively supported ideologically conservative candidates, contributing large sums of money to challengers. In 1984 an even larger percentage of corporate PACs had politically similar behavior, and again they were more conservative than other corporate PACs, but they were much less aggressive, contributing comparatively small amounts to challengers. We argue that the behavior of corporate PACs helps explain both election and policy outcomes, providing a partial explanation for the differences between the conservative triumphs of 1980 - 1981 and the failure to further advance conservatism in the 1984 - 1986 period.

Pluralist and class-based theories offer alternative hypotheses about the political behavior of organized interests in the United States. Using network methods and data on political action committees' (PAC) contributions to congressional candidates in the 1984 elections, we identify interest groups with politically similar behavior in an attempt to assess these perspectives concerning elites in the United States. The analysis includes corporate, labor, membership association, and nonconnected PACs. Counter to pluralist expectations, we find just two large groups—one primarily business oriented and the other primarily labor/public-interest oriented. Our findings thus support a class-based interpretation of the nature of organized interests. These findings are framed in terms of the meaning of unity and fragmentation.

Media attitudes and media use have been the focus of considerable academic research. This article uses this research to explore patient and health care practitioner attitudes toward telemedicine interactions via videoconferencing technology.

MyCareTeam is a web-based application designed to facilitate self-monitoring and improve care provider monitoring of individuals with diabetes while improving communications between patients and their care providers. Authorized users of MyCareTeam access patient data via a secure socket layer (SSL) connection. A standalone application was developed to read the glucose readings directly from different manufacturer’s glucose meters and create a data file of those values on the patient’s local personal computer. Once securely connected to the MyCareTeam web site, the patient uploads the data file to the secure database. The data is automatically analyzed and presented in multiple formats to the patient and available to their care provider when he/she next visits MyCareTeam. A sixteen patient pilot study was undertaken at Georgetown University Medical Center using the MyCareTeam application to show technical feasibility. The patients that used the web site more frequently improved their diabetes control more than those that used it sporadically. Larger clinical trials are underway at the Boston VA in Massachusetts and Windber Medical Center in Pennsylvania.

What role do economic and business interests play in decisions about U.S. weapons systems? Many scholars argue that the U.S. federal government is an autonomous entity, not significantly influenced by social and economic processes outside of state organizations. In this first study to examine highly disaggregated military expenditures, John Boies demonstrates otherwise. In his study of spending between 1962 and 1987 on nine categories of procurement and three kinds of aggregate measures, Boies finds that military spending of many types responds to the profits of the largest defense contractors, the mobilization of right-wing business elites, and the growing dependency of U.S. firms on income from investments abroad. Analyzing complex data, Boies shows how the state is influenced by special interest and elite political action, in this case by the New Right in the form of the Committee on the Present Danger, and by institutionalized responses to the changing foreign interests of U.S.-based corporations. The unique relationships major defense contractors have with the U.S. military ensures that their voices are strong in the Pentagon. Even what is portrayed by sociologists and political scientists as the most autonomous organ of the national state--the military--is strongly influenced by political and economic forces outside the state. The special relationship between the state and U.S. business will dramatically impede the reallocation of resources away from the military to other uses during the post-Cold War era.

Two alternative corporate political strategies are identified for Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions to candidates in the 1980 congressional elections: (1) a pragmatic effort to promote a particular company's best interests and (2) an ideological effort to promote conservatism. With the use of multiple regression, this article examines three theoretical explanations of corporate political strategies. The expectations of corporate liberal theory are not confirmed. Rather, there is support for both state structure and interlock theories. It is argued that, at least in 1980, business political behavior was ideologically conservative, which business understood to represent classwide rational interests.

Pluralists contend that the actual political power of business is much less than its potential power, because business is internally divided. An examination of the campaign contributions of corporate PACs in the 1980 Congressional elections shows that: (1) businesses didfollow differing political strategies, with marked differences in their relative commitments to pragmatism and ideology, (2) At the level of particular races, however, business was usually highly unified, (3) The degree of unity actually found is greater than that which would be expected given the differing corporate strategies, implying the possibility that inter-corporate communication is used to reduce direct and open political conflict.

Pluralists argue that corporations with different economic interests and market orientations are incapable of collective political strategy and actions, while class theorists argue that corporations have sufficient class interests to evolve a collective political class strategy. We examined this controversy using a variant of clique detection methods for business Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions to Congressional candidates in the 1980 election. One large group of corporations emerged based on shared conservative beliefs. No other groups nearly as large were detected. The findings were strong and robust for different levels of political similarity. The identified groups differed from each other economically in various ways, but these differences were not nearly as marked as the political differences. Overall, the evidence lends stronger support to the class rather than the pluralist perspective.