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Introduction: The unique characteristics of pineapples as a perennial plant, which guarantee their quick proliferation and adoption in both the tropics and subtropics, readily justify their economic significance. Although pineapple is a popular tropical fruit among Bangladeshi citizens, they continue to produce fewer pineapples than other international producers with limited export offerings. Hence, the study aimed to estimate the technological efficiency, prospects, and policies of pineapple growers in the northeastern district of Bangladesh. Methods: One hundred respondent growers were surveyed directly to gather cross-sectional data using a multistage sampling technique. The technical efficiency scores of individual farms were calculated using the stochastic frontier model with the technical inefficiency model for identifying factors responsible for inefficiency. Results: The technical efficiency scores range from about two-thirds to the absolute efficiency level, with a mean technical efficiency above the ninety percent level. The technical inefficiency effect model interpreted that farmers' age and education had a significant positive impact, whereas credit, training, and family size had a significant negative impact on inefficiency. Discussion: Findings indicated that sampled farmers may use inputs more efficiently and raise their yield by nearly one-twentieth. Therefore, the study suggests that the government should concentrate on strategies to attract young growers, as they are more capable of managing resources effectively and willing to accept technological breakthroughs. The study's conclusions have significant policy ramifications specifically in the areas of finance, education and skills, and rural development that the Government should consider to increase farmer's productivity and overcome various challenges while upholding national interests and ensuring the farming sector's continued prosperity. To commercialize pineapple production and establish Bangladesh as a prominent production zone, more research and development are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate and estimate significant aspects of time series data, various models with varying degrees of variation have been built in the last few years. The overarching goal of study is to examine the variance dynamics of several Indian stock market indexes using Normal and Students-t distributions. The sample data spans a long time period (more than 40 years), from April 1979 to May 2023, and includes dramatic happenings. The econometric method relies heavily on the GARCH models and other statistical investigations. The outcomes contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field. The possible rewards and risks of an investment are the focus of this empirical study. The results encompass the dynamics of financial series, volatility sketching, a statistical and GARCH model feature assessment, and the fitness of series returns. This opens the door to different assessments of the Indian financial market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously we showed that addition of legume residues affected the size of different soil phosphorus (P) pools in an alkaline loamy sand soil. Here, we tested whether the changes in soil P pools induced by residue addition are generally applicable or whether they are dependent on certain soil properties. Three legume residues differing in P concentration, faba bean (Viciafaba L.) (high P), chickpea (Cicer arietinurn L.) (medium P), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) (low P), were added at a rate of 20 g residue [kg.sup.-1] soil to three different soils with low Colwell-P concentration: Mt Bold (sandy clay loam, high organic carbon (C) content, pH 5.1), Monarto (loamy sand, low organic C content, pH 7.5), and Langhome Creek (sandy loam, low organic C content, pH 8.1). Soil P pools were assessed by sequential P fractionation on days 0 and 42. In residue-amended soils from day 0 to day 42, the concentrations of water-soluble and microbial P decreased, whereas the concentrations of NaHC[O.sub.3]-Pi (inorganic P) and NaOH-Po (organic P) increased. The magnitude of these changes differed among soils, being greatest in the Mt Bold soil. Residue addition had little or no effect on the concentrations of NaOH-Pi and residual P, which also did not change significantly over time. Principal component analysis of the data showed that the size of the P pools was related to soil properties; high concentrations of HCl-P were associated with high pH and calcium concentrations, high concentrations of NaOH-P and residual P were correlated with high aluminium, silt, organic C, and total nitrogen and P. In the unamended soil on day 0, the concentration of NaHC[O.sub.3]-Pi was correlated with the clay content, whereas on day 42, the concentrations of the labile P pools were related to amount of P added with the residues. It can be concluded that most effects of residue addition to soils on microbial activity and growth and soil P pools can be generalised across the three soil used in this study, but that the size of the P pools is affected by soil properties such as organic C content, pH, and texture. Additional keywords: C/P ratio, legume residue, microbial biomass carbon, P fractionation, respiration, soil properties., Introduction There are different inorganic and organic phosphorus (P) forms in soil, and their solubility and availability vary with soil physical and chemical properties (Holford 1997) and management. Two mechanisms [...]

In this study, numerical analysis on an Sn-based planner heterojunction perovskite device structure of Glass/FTO/ZnO/CH3NH3SnI3/CZTS/Metal, with CH3NH3SnI3 as an absorber layer, was performed by using the solar cell device simulator SCAPS 1D. As an electron transport layer (ETL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), inorganic materials ZnO and CZTS (kesterite) were used. To optimize the device, the thickness of the absorber, electron, and hole transport layers, defect density, and absorber doping concentrations were varied, and their impact on device performance was evaluated. The effect of temperature and work function of various anode materials were also investigated. The optimum absorber layer thickness was found at 750 nm for the proposed structure. The acceptor concentration with a reduced defect density of the absorber layer enhances device performance significantly. For better performance, a higher work function anode material is required. The optimized solar cell achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 30.41% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.03 V, a short circuit current density of 34.31 mA/cm², and a Fill Factor 86.39%. The proposed cell structure also possesses an excellent performance under high operating temperature indicating great promise for eco-friendly, low-cost solar energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Functional genomics has received considerable attention in the post-genomic era, as it aims to identify function(s) for different genes. One way to study gene function is to investigate the alterations in the responses of deletion mutants to different stimuli. Here we investigate the genetic profile of yeast non-essential gene deletion array (yGDA, ~4700 strains) for increased sensitivity to paromomycin, which targets the process of protein synthesis. Results As expected, our analysis indicated that the majority of deletion strains (134) with increased sensitivity to paromomycin, are involved in protein biosynthesis. The remaining strains can be divided into smaller functional categories: metabolism (45), cellular component biogenesis and organization (28), DNA maintenance (21), transport (20), others (38) and unknown (39). These may represent minor cellular target sites (side-effects) for paromomycin. They may also represent novel links to protein synthesis. One of these strains carries a deletion for a previously uncharacterized ORF, YBR261C, that we term TAE1 for Translation Associated Element 1. Our focused follow-up experiments indicated that deletion of TAE1 alters the ribosomal profile of the mutant cells. Also, gene deletion strain for TAE1 has defects in both translation efficiency and fidelity. Miniaturized synthetic genetic array analysis further indicates that TAE1 genetically interacts with 16 ribosomal protein genes. Phenotypic suppression analysis using TAE1 overexpression also links TAE1 to protein synthesis. Conclusion We show that a previously uncharacterized ORF, YBR261C, affects the process of protein synthesis and reaffirm that large-scale genetic profile analysis can be a useful tool to study novel gene function(s).