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Traditional medicinal plants play an important role in primary health care worldwide. The phytochemical screening and activities of Geranium pusillum were investigated in this research. The dried plant leaves were extracted with ethanol, n‐hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, acetone, and aqueous solvents. These extracts were qualitatively analyzed, GC–MS, antimicrobial activities by using the disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging, and cytotoxic activity was analyzed by the hemolytic activity of human red blood cells. The results showed phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides were detected in plant leaves. The ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL showed a maximum inhibition zone 17.5 ± 0.09, 15.6 ± 0.11, 14.2 ± 0.17, 18.4 ± 0.11, 16.6 ± 0.15, 12.5 ± 0.13, 15.9 ± 0.10, and 13.1 ± 0.11 mm, and at 15 mg/mL showed 24.5 ± 0.09, 27.2 ± 0.12, 26.3 ± 0.17, 28.4 ± 0.10, 27.9 ± 0.16, 22.5 ± 0.13, 27.1 ± 0.10, and 24.1 ± 0.16 mm against Escherichia coli, Pasturella multocida (gram‐negative), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus (gram‐positive), Rhizopus solani, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternate (fungal strain), respectively, and dichloromethane showed a minimum inhibition zone as compared to other extracts against bacterial as well as fungal strains. Chloroform extract had maximum antioxidant activity (45.00 ± 0.08%) and minimum in dichloromethane (12.20 ± 0.04%). Cytotoxic activity was found maximum in acetone extract (19.83 ± 0.07%) and minimum in ethanol extract (4.72 ± 0.04%). It is concluded that phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and others may be responsible for these activities, which is why this plant is used for traditional medicine. Research Highlights: Geranium pusillum has therapeutic properties that exhibit various biological activities beneficial for human health.G. pusillum has significant inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains.Chloroform solvent extract indicates potential free radical scavenging abilities.Acetone extract exhibits notable effects on human red blood cells and demonstrates significant cytotoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that hinders plant development and productivity and influences agricultural yield. Seed priming is a technique used to boost germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of seed priming with potassium nitrate (KNO3) at various levels (0%, 0.50%, 1.00% and 1.50%) under salt stress (0, 75, 100 mM NaCl) on two maize verities (MNH360 and 30T60) for the growth, development and metabolic attributes results revealed that in maize variety MNH360, KNO3priming's significantly enhanced growth parameters than in maize variety 30T60 under control and salt-stressed conditions. Priming with KNO3enhanced carotenoids and total chlorophyll in the 30T60 variety that protected the maize plants from salt stress. Nevertheless, it was shown that priming with 1.00% KNO3acts as safeguarded to protect them from oxidative damage by salt stress minimizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation through increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and total soluble protein. The findings of the present study confirm that the use of the KNO3seed priming technique is a low-cost, environmentally friendly technique for mitigating adverse impacts of salt stress in maize crops by activating the antioxidant defense system and improving chlorophyll and osmolyte contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New multiple myeloma (MM) medications have revolutionized the treatment landscape, but they are also associated with a range of adverse events (AEs). This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of AEs reported for four new MM medications: daratumumab, ixazomib, elotuzumab, and panobinostat. Methods: This study uses a descriptive retrospective approach to analyze the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2015 to 2022. It includes variables like medication names, report details, patient demographics, adverse events, and reporter types. The initial dataset consists of over 3700 adverse events, which are categorized into 21 groups for clarity and comparison. Results: The FAERS database revealed 367,756 adverse events (AEs) associated with novel multiple myeloma drugs from 2015–2022. Ixazomib had the highest number of reported AEs with 206,243 reports, followed by daratumumab with 98,872 reports, then elotuzumab with 26,193 AEs. Ixazomib's AE reports increased dramatically over the study period, rising approximately 51-fold from 1183 in 2015 to 60,835 in 2022. Of the medications studied, ixazomib also recorded the highest number of deaths (24,206), followed by daratumumab (11,624), panobinostat (7227), and elotuzumab (3349). The majority of AEs occurred in patients aged 55–64 and 65–74 years. Conclusions: Ixazomib, a new MM medication, had the highest number of AEs reported. Also, it has the highest rate of reported deaths compared to other new MM medications. Clinicians should be aware of the potential AEs associated with this medication and further research is needed to understand the reasons for the high number of AEs and to develop mitigation strategies. More attention should also be paid to the safety of new multiple myeloma medications in younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed priming is one of the potential physiological approaches to enhance seed germination under salinity stress. In the present study seed halopriming effects on the germination of two lentil (Lens culinaris) ecotypes exposed to salt stress was investigated. Seeds of the lentil ecotypes Kef and Nefza were soaked in NaCl (1%) for 12 hours and subjected to salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM). The results show that salinity stress caused a significant decrease of the germination percentage in both ecotypes, but its impact was more pronounced on Nefza. In Kef ecotype this variation was associated with an increase in the lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) as well as in the level of some antioxidative molecules (ascorbic acid, glutathione and total polyphenols). However, in Nefza the decrease in the germination level was associated with a significant increase in the level of antioxidative molecules compared to Kef, whereas the antioxidative enzyme activities were unchanged. Salt priming effectively alleviated the negative effects of salinity stress. The pretreatment showed that the best tolerance to salt stress in Nefza ecotype was due to a better oxidative status demonstrated by the reduction of the malondialdehyde content, the accumulation of ascorbic acid, and an increase in the antioxidative enzyme activities, especially superoxide dismutase. Results show that the antioxidative enzymes were more efficient than the antioxidative molecules in increasing seed resistance to NaCl exposure, and that seed halopriming improved their vigor in the more sensitive ecotype Nefza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]