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Aim: To establish the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool in the interpretation of metastatic lymphadenopathy Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 275 patients attending various clinics over a period of 2 1/2 years. FNAC of the enlarged lymph nodes was performed and biopsy, special stains and immunohistochemical staining was done in selected cases. Observations: Metastatic lymphadenopathy was the commonest lesion in 221 (80.4%) cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common primary tumor metastasizing to lymph nodes. Cervical lymph nodes were the most commonly involved and the commonest primary site was head and neck. Cyto-histological correlation showed 97.9% diagnostic accuracy, 97.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion: FNAC is a rapid, safe, easy and non-expensive diagnostic technique which can be used for initial diagnosis of metastatic lymphadenopathy, in a resource challenged environment, confirm secondaries where primary tumor is evident, and for response to treatment. Keywords: FNAC | lymph node | metastasis, Introduction Lymph nodes are common site of metastases for different cancers. Thus clinical recognition and urgent diagnosis of palpable lymphadenopathy is of paramount importance specially to differentiate between inflammatory lesions [...]

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is a rare tumor and has to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of small cell tumors of soft tissue. We present here an unusual case involving the right arm, without bony or skin involvement and treated successfully with radiotherapy and chemotherapy Keywords: Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma | immuno-histochemistry | round cell tumor, Introduction Primary Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma of soft tissue are ones in which underlying bone involvement is not found. (1) They are uncommon mesenchymal tumors and have to be differentiated from [...]

Background and Objective: Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the world, and continues to be a global public health concern in the developing world. The main objective of the article is to study the various clinicopathological features of Chronic schistosomiasis in different anatomical sites; also emphasizing on the need to suspect this parasitic disease even in non-endemic or low-endemicity areas. Material and methods: Ours was a prospective study, conducted at King Faisal Hospital (Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) from year 2001 to 2005. The study included 32 cases of schistosomiasis involving various organs. Results: 32 cases of schistosomiasis affecting various organs were reported. Appendix was the most common organ involved with 16 cases, while ureteric involvement was seen only in 1 case. Urinary bladder involvement was seen in 5 cases while 4 cases affected intestinal tract. Liver, gall bladder and prostate involvement was seen in 2 cases each. All cases were completely cured on treatment with Praziquantel except 2 cases of urinary bladder which developed squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of the infection results in complete cure without any complication, and therefore high level of suspicion is required in persons visiting or residing in highly endemic areas. Keywords: Schistosomiasis | appendix | intestine | gall bladder | urinary bladder | ureter | prostate | liver, Introduction Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the world. It is endemic in 76 countries and territories, and continues to be a global public health concern [...]

Thyroid tuberculosis is uncommon. Nowadays since extrapulmonary tuberculous involvement is seen more frequently (especially with HIV-induced immunosuppression), the existence of this condition should be recognized when goiters or thyroid nodules are being treated. We present a rare case of primary thyroid tuberculosis presenting as a cold abscess with discharging sinus. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Thyroid gland, Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Case Report Discussion References Introduction Tuberculosis affecting the thyroid gland is a rare condition, even in countries with a high prevalence of this disease. The [...]

Context: Oral cancers are a major health problem in India. Recently, parameters of cell proliferation and cell death have emerged as important diagnostic and prognostic tools. Aims: The present study evaluated the role of tumour suppressor gene protein p53 in squamous cell lesions of the oral cavity. Settings and Design: A single institutional prospective study. Methods and Material: The evaluation of p53 (by IHC using Clone DO7 monoclonal antibody, DAKO, USA) was done on 50 cases of squamous cell lesions of oral cavity. Statistical analysis used: Student's 't' test was performed. Results: The p53 expression increased with increasing degree of dysplasia and grade of SCC. There was a statistically significant difference of p53 positivity between dysplasia & SCC (P< 0.001), WD-SCC & MD-SCC (P< 0.05), and WD-SCC & PD-SCC (P< 0.001). Significantly high p53 positivity (P< 0.001) was noted in cases presenting with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: Alterations of p53 gene seem to be an early event in multistage oral carcinogenesis. Role of p53 gene even at later stages when metastasis has occurred has not been properly dealt with; taking the research a step further, our study has found a statistically significant increase in p53 expression in cases presenting with nodal metastasis thus suggesting that the mutant p53 gene continues to be important for progression and metastasis of SCC, and a higher p53 expression indicates poorer prognosis. Keywords: Oral cavity, Dysplasia, Squamous cell carcinoma, p53, Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Subjects and Methods Results Discussion References Introduction Oral cavity cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with diagnosis of over a quarter million new [...]