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Hyperspectral imaging instruments could capture detailed spatial information and rich spectral signs of observed scenes. Much spatial information and spectral signatures of hyperspectral images (HSIs) present greater potential for detecting and classifying fine crops. The accurate classification of crop kinds utilizing hyperspectral remote sensing imaging (RSI) has become an indispensable application in the agricultural domain. It is significant for the prediction and growth monitoring of crop yields. Amongst the deep learning (DL) techniques, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) was the best method for classifying HSI for their incredible local contextual modeling ability, enabling spectral and spatial feature extraction. This article designs a Hybrid Multi-Strategy Aquila Optimization with a Deep Learning-Driven Crop Type Classification (HMAODL-CTC) algorithm onHSI. The proposed HMAODL-CTC model mainly intends to categorize different types of crops on HSI. To accomplish this, the presented HMAODL-CTC model initially carries out image preprocessing to improve image quality. In addition, the presented HMAODL-CTC model develops dilated convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction. For hyperparameter tuning of the dilated CNN model, the HMAO algorithm is utilized. Eventually, the presented HMAODL-CTC model uses an extreme learning machine (ELM) model for crop type classification. A comprehensive set of simulations were performed to illustrate the enhanced performance of the presented HMAODL-CTC algorithm. Extensive comparison studies reported the improved performance of the presented HMAODL-CTC algorithm over other compared methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop insect detection becomes a tedious process for agronomists because a substantial part of the crops is damaged, and due to the pest attacks, the quality is degraded. They are the major reason behind crop quality degradation and diminished crop productivity. Hence, accurate pest detection is essential to guarantee safety and crop quality. Conventional identification of insects necessitates highly trained taxonomists to detect insects precisely based on morphological features. Lately, some progress has been made in agriculture by employing machine learning (ML) to classify and detect pests. This study introduces a Modified Metaheuristics with Transfer Learning based Insect Pest Classification for Agricultural Crops (MMTL-IPCAC) technique. The presented MMTL-IPCAC technique applies contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) approach for image enhancement. The neural architectural search network (NASNet) model is applied for feature extraction, and a modified grey wolf optimization (MGWO) algorithm is employed for the hyperparameter tuning process, showing the novelty of the work. At last, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is utilized to carry out the insect classification procedure. The simulation analysis stated the enhanced performance of the MMTL-IPCAC technique in the insect classification process with maximum accuracy of 98.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and sensors have recently received significant interest in intellectual agriculture. Accelerating the application of AI technologies and agriculture sensors in intellectual agriculture is urgently required for the growth of modern agriculture and will help promote smart agriculture. Automatic irrigation scheduling systems were highly required in the agricultural field due to their capability to manage and save water deficit irrigation techniques. Automatic learning systems devise an alternative to conventional irrigation management through the automatic elaboration of predictions related to the learning of an agronomist. With this motivation, this study develops a modified black widow optimization with a deep belief network-based smart irrigation system (MBWODBN-SIS) for intelligent agriculture. The MBWODBN-SIS algorithm primarily enables the Internet of Things (IoT) based sensors to collect data forwarded to the cloud server for examination purposes. Besides, the MBWODBN-SIS technique applies the deep belief network (DBN) model for different types of irrigation classification: average, high needed, highly not needed, and not needed. The MBWO algorithm is used for the hyperparameter tuning process. A wideranging experiment was conducted, and the comparison study stated the enhanced outcomes of the MBWODBN-SIS approach to other DL models with maximum accuracy of 95.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]