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1. This study aimed to determine the effects of marination liquids prepared with citric acid (CA-0.5%), lemon (LJ-100%) and grapefruit (GJ-100%) juices on the pH, colour (L*, a*, b*, Chroma, hue angle, total colour differences), cooking loss (CL), water holding capacity (WHC) and marinade absorption (MA) of chicken breast meat. Textural, microstructure (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)) and sensory properties were investigated. 2. As a result of marination, there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the CL and pH values and an increase in WHC and MA values of marinated meat. The L*, b* and chroma values of chicken breast meats marinated with all marinades increased significantly (P < 0.01). 3. While CLSM showed that LJ gave rise to a partial deterioration in muscle fibres, SEM indicated that LJ had irregular muscle fibres, some fibres were broken and separated from each other. The lowest hardness value was established in the LJ group from texture analysis. In the sensory analysis, marinated samples generally received higher scores from panellists compared with the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The causes of redisplacement following closed treatment of distal metaphyseal radial fractures in children are still controversial. Various risk factors and radiographic indices have been suggested to predict redisplacement. The aims of this study were to prospectively identify the causes of redisplacement and to test the accuracy of previously described radiographic indices and our new method, the "three-point index."Methods: This prospective study included seventy-five displaced or severely angulated distal radial fractures in seventy-four children under the age of fifteen years. Age, gender, initial complete displacement of the radius, an associated ulnar fracture, the accuracy of the reduction, the maximum degree of obliquity of the fracture line in the sagittal or coronal plane, and the distance to the physis were examined as possible risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to search for risk factors. We also calculated the cast index, padding index, Canterbury index, gap index, and three-point index on the radiographs of each reduction. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were calculated for each test.Results: Initial complete displacement and the degree of obliquity of the fracture were the most important risk factors for redisplacement. Fractures that were completely displaced initially were 11.7 times more likely to redisplace than were angulated but incompletely displaced fractures. A 20 degree oblique fracture was 4.9 times more likely to redisplace and a 30 degree oblique fracture was 10.9 times more likely to redisplace than was a 0 degree true transverse fracture. The three-point index was superior to the other radiographic indices for predicting redisplacement, with a sensitivity of 94.7%, a specificity of 95.2%, a negative predictive value of 98.4%, and a positive predictive value of 85.7%. The gap index was the next-best measure, but it had a sensitivity of 63.2%, a specificity of 76.2%, a negative predictive value of 87.3%, and a positive predictive value of 44.4%.Conclusions: Initial complete displacement and the degree of obliquity of the fracture line are the dominant factors affecting redisplacement. Our new radiographic index, the three-point index, should be used to predict redisplacement and assess the quality of the cast treatment of these fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly 40% of colorectal cancer (CRC) recurs within 2 years after resection of primary tumor. Imaging with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (l8F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is the most recent modality and often applied for the evaluation of metastatic spread during the follow-up period. Our goal was to study the diagnostic importance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT data of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and the difference of SUVmax on dual-time imaging in CRC.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas arising from the tissues other than primary lymphatic organs are named primary extranodal lymphoma. Most of the studies evaluated metabolic tumor parameters in different organs and histopathologic variants of this disease generally for treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor parameters derived from initial FDG-PET/CT in patients with a medley of primary extranodal lymphoma in this study.

Background. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate radiographic and metabolic changes in bone metastases in response to systemic therapy with 18FDG-PET/CT and determine their roles on the evaluation of therapy response.

Background/Aim. Selective intraarterial radionuclide therapy (SIRT) with Yttrium-90 (Y-90) microspheres is also known as radioembolization and delivers high doses of radiation to hepatic tumors with minimum healthy liver exposure. The aim of this study was to present our preliminary experience in the role of liver directed radiotherapy with Y-90 microspheres for the treatment of unresectable hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Methods. The results of SIRT in 10 patients (5 males, 5 females; mean age 48.7 years; age range 24-73 years) with metastatic liver disease from NETs during the period from April 2008 through August 2010 were reviewed. All patients had meticulous pre- and post-imaging studies as a part of their work-up procedure, as well as serologic tests of liver function to determine the extent of liver function damage. The patients who were eligible for SIRT had pretreatment visceral angiography to define and occlude non-target arteries. Results. The mean ± SD administered SIR-Spheres® activity was 1.49 ± 0.42 GBq (range 0.72-2.21 GBq) in all the patients. These treatments delivered a dose of 99.73 ± 66.36 Gy (range 49- 420.8 Gy) to the target tumors. The estimated dose to the lungs and normal liver was 4.45 ± 1.95 Gy (range 2.4-8.5 Gy) and 26.73 ± 14.19 Gy (range 5-58.9 Gy), respectively. Overall response rate of 90% and patient tolerance was satisfactory for most patients. Conclusion. From our limited experience, we can conclude that SIRT with Y-90 microspheres is a safe and efficacious treatment option for patients with liver metastasis of NET without any serious side effects.

Background: The Achilles tendon is the most commonly injured and ruptured tendon in the body and typically occurs during participation in sports or recreational activities in men between 30 and 50 years of age. Treatment options for Achilles tendon rupture include conservative and surgical approaches. Conservative treatment is associated with a higher risk of rerupture, while surgical treatment carries a risk of wound site complications. Generally, both methods result in a prolonged tendon healing time. Studies are ongoing to identify biomolecules that aid tendon repair. The main objective of our study is to investigate the effects of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) mineral supplementation on Achilles tendon healing in rats., Methods: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups (C-15, C-30, ZnSO4-15, and ZnSO4-30) after standard Achilles tendon repair surgery. The ZnSO4-15 and ZnSO4-30 groups received an oral zinc sulfate monohydrate solution (50 mg/kg/day) for 15 and 30 days, respectively. The C-15 and C-30 groups were given 1 mL of distilled water per day orally during the experimental periods. Rats were sacrificed on the 15th and 30th day depending on their groups, and the healing of the operated tendons was evaluated using Movin and Bonar histopathologic scoring. For biomechanical analyses, the operated and intact Achilles tendons of all groups were removed, and tensile tests were performed to determine the tensile strength and toughness values for each tendon., Results: Movin and Bonar scores were significantly lower in the ZnSO4-15 group than in the C-15 group and in the ZnSO4-30 group than in the C-30 group (p<0.05). Although we did not find the biomechanical results statistically significant, the intact tendons of the ZnSO4-15 group exhibited higher toughness than those of the C-15 group, and the tensile strength and toughness values of the operated and intact tendons of the ZnSO4-30 group were also higher than those of the C-30 group., Conclusion: Zinc sulfate monohydrate mineral supplementation had histopathologically positive effects on the proliferation and remodeling stages of Achilles tendon healing and may biomechanically benefit both operated and intact tendons.

Purpose: To examine relationships among secondary traumatic stress, mindfulness, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue in psychiatric nurses., Method: Participants comprised 142 nurses working in two psychiatric hospitals in the same province of Turkey. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction subscales of the Professional Quality of Life Scale., Results: A significant and negative correlation was found between secondary traumatic stress, mindfulness, and compassion satisfaction, and between mindfulness and compassion fatigue. A significant and positive correlation was found between secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue, as well as between mindfulness and compassion satisfaction ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that mindfulness may be a protective factor in preventing secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue in psychiatric nurses. It is recommended that in-service training be organized periodically to increase levels of conscious awareness among psychiatric nurses. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx (xx), xx-xx.].

Purpose: Searching for online health information is a popular approach employed by patients to enhance their knowledge for their diseases. Recently developed AI chatbots are probably the easiest way in this regard. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reliability and readability of AI chatbot responses in terms of the most commonly applied radionuclide treatments in cancer patients., Methods: Basic patient questions, thirty about RAI, PRRT and TARE treatments and twenty-nine about PSMA-TRT, were asked one by one to GPT-4 and Bard on January 2024. The reliability and readability of the responses were assessed by using DISCERN scale, Flesch Reading Ease(FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level(FKRGL)., Results: The mean (SD) FKRGL scores for the responses of GPT-4 and Google Bard about RAI, PSMA-TRT, PRRT and TARE treatmens were 14.57 (1.19), 14.65 (1.38), 14.25 (1.10), 14.38 (1.2) and 11.49 (1.59), 12.42 (1.71), 11.35 (1.80), 13.01 (1.97), respectively. In terms of readability the FRKGL scores of the responses of GPT-4 and Google Bard about RAI, PSMA-TRT, PRRT and TARE treatments were above the general public reading grade level. The mean (SD) DISCERN scores assesses by nuclear medicine phsician for the responses of GPT-4 and Bard about RAI, PSMA-TRT, PRRT and TARE treatments were 47.86 (5.09), 48.48 (4.22), 46.76 (4.09), 48.33 (5.15) and 51.50 (5.64), 53.44 (5.42), 53 (6.36), 49.43 (5.32), respectively. Based on mean DISCERN scores, the reliability of the responses of GPT-4 and Google Bard about RAI, PSMA-TRT, PRRT, and TARE treatments ranged from fair to good. The inter-rater reliability correlation coefficient of DISCERN scores assessed by GPT-4, Bard and nuclear medicine physician for the responses of GPT-4 about RAI, PSMA-TRT, PRRT and TARE treatments were 0.512(95% CI 0.296: 0.704), 0.695(95% CI 0.518: 0.829), 0.687(95% CI 0.511: 0.823) and 0.649 (95% CI 0.462: 0.798), respectively (p < 0.01). The inter-rater reliability correlation coefficient of DISCERN scores assessed by GPT-4, Bard and nuclear medicine physician for the responses of Bard about RAI, PSMA-TRT, PRRT and TARE treatments were 0.753(95% CI 0.602: 0.863), 0.812(95% CI 0.686: 0.899), 0.804(95% CI 0.677: 0.894) and 0.671 (95% CI 0.489: 0.812), respectively (p < 0.01). The inter-rater reliability for the responses of Bard and GPT-4 about RAİ, PSMA-TRT, PRRT and TARE treatments were moderate to good. Further, consulting to the nuclear medicine physician was rarely emphasized both in GPT-4 and Google Bard and references were included in some responses of Google Bard, but there were no references in GPT-4., Conclusion: Although the information provided by AI chatbots may be acceptable in medical terms, it can not be easy to read for the general public, which may prevent it from being understandable. Effective prompts using 'prompt engineering' may refine the responses in a more comprehensible manner. Since radionuclide treatments are specific to nuclear medicine expertise, nuclear medicine physician need to be stated as a consultant in responses in order to guide patients and caregivers to obtain accurate medical advice. Referencing is significant in terms of confidence and satisfaction of patients and caregivers seeking information., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The effect of roasted and unroasted terebinth on the colour, emulsion capacity, flow properties, emulsion stability, microstructure, and textural properties of the meat emulsions was researched. The meat emulsions were created by adding the roasted and unroasted terebinth at four concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) to the beef. The emulsion capacity and stability increased with the addition of terebinth, and the highest values for the emulsion capacity (233.50 ml oil/g protein) and stability (74.50%) were observed at the terebinth concentration of 0.3%. The emulsion stability and capacity of samples containing roasted terebinth were higher than those of samples containing unroasted terebinth. The viscosities of the samples with roasted terebinth increased with increasing concentration. The pseudo-plasticity increased with the addition of terebinth. As a result, the use of terebinth in high-fat emulsion-type products might be a potential herbal additive to improve its technological and functional properties., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) can effectively protect the femoral head and reduce the risk of developing osteonecrosis in rats that have been treated with steroids., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (mean weight: 356±18 g; range, 330 to 375 g), which were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The control group received saline solution, while the other groups were given lipopolysaccharide/methylprednisolone (LPS/MPS) to induce osteonecrosis. Three groups in which osteonecrosis was induced were also intraperitoneally administered either VC, VE, or both once a day for four weeks. Intracardiac blood samples were taken at the end of the fourth week for biochemical examination, and the rats were then sacrificed under general anesthesia. After sacrification, right femurs were removed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and radiologic examinations., Results: The results showed that the mean trabecular number increased significantly in the VC+VE group. There was a substantial decrease observed in the mean trabecular separation within the LPS/MPS group compared to the control group, although trabecular separation decreased in all three vitamin groups compared to the LPS/MPS group. The surface area/bone volume was significantly increased in the VC+VE group compared to the LPS/MPS group. Histological, immunohistochemical, and radiological examinations showed that the administration of VC and VE significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and microvascular dysfunction in rats with steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis., Conclusion: This study suggests that VC, VE, and particularly VC+VE have a protective effect on the femoral head in rats with steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis. These findings may lead to new treatment options for patients.

Objectives: BioNTech (Pfizer) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccines are two of the most administered coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines worldwide. Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has caused a diagnostic challenge in oncological 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of the two most commonly administered vaccines worldwide., Methods: Patients over 18 years old who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT for oncological purposes in our institution between January 13, 2021 and January 31, 2022, who received a single or second dose of the BioNTech or CoronaVac vaccines in the last two months, were included in the study. Descriptive analyses were presented as mean, standard deviation, frequency and ratio. Additionally, chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables., Results: Ipsilateral deltoid muscle hypermetabolism was observed in 6.9% (n=15) and 14.3% (n=22) patients who received CoronaVac and BioNTech vaccines, respectively. Ipsilateral axillary lymph node hypermetabolism was observed in 11% (n=24) and 41.6% (n=64) patients who received CoronaVac and BioNTech vaccines, respectively. Synchronous deltoid muscle and axillary lymph node hypermetabolism was observed in 4.14% (n=9) and 12.33% (n=19) patients who received CoronaVac and BioNTech vaccines, respectively. Significant differences were detected between CoronaVac and BioNTech vaccines in terms of ipsilateral deltoid muscle hypermetabolism, ipsilateral axillary lymph node hypermetabolism and synchronous deltoid muscle and axillary lymph node hypermetabolism (p<0.05)., Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination may result in ipsilateral axillary lymph node hypermetabolism, ipsilateral deltoid muscle hypermetabolism, or synchronous deltoid muscle and axillary lymph node hypermetabolism with different frequencies depending on the type of vaccination. Although synchronous deltoid muscle and axillary lymph node hypermetabolism can reduce misinterpretation of 18 F-FDG PET/CT, to avoid misinterpretation, it is important to question the vaccination history during ongoing COVID-19 vaccination process., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2022 by Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine | Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy published by Galenos Yayınevi.)

Background: A filamentous fungus, Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) is one of the ideal candidates for ethanol and lactic acid production due to its ability to grow on renewable carbon sources., Methods and Results: In this study, the nucleotide sequence of hexokinases and glucokinase from S. cerevisiae was found on the NCBI site ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/Blast.cgi ) were used. With these nucleotide sequences, a blast search was done on the R. oryzae genome database ( http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/rhizopus&#95;oryzae/Home.html ) and ten probable genes were obtained. cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA and PCR products of the seven of these putative genes were determined using the primers designed for them., Conclusion: The results of the sequences and the complementation studies revealed that three of these seven putative genes were expressed in R. oryzae and the growth was observed on selective media., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Context: 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) has been used as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer in the localization of hyper-functioning parathyroid glands (HPGs)., Objective: We performed this methodological study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-FCH PET/computerized tomography (CT) and repeated ultrasonography (USG) in detecting unidentified lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)., Design: In this retrospective methodological study, we studied the diagnostic performance of 18F-FCH PET/CT and a repeated USG in detecting unidentified parathyroid lesions., Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight patients who were diagnosed with PHPT, had an indication for surgery following the current guidelines and had no identified lesion on 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT, USG, or other imaging methods than 18F-FCH PET/CT, included in the study., Results: While lesions were detected in 26 patients via 18F-FCH PET/CT among 28 patients [92.9% (95% CI: 76.6%-99.1%)], the lesion detection rate was 95.7% (95% CI: 78.1%-99.9%) in 23 patients who underwent a repeated USG. The sensitivity and the accuracy of both 18F-FCH PET/CT and repeated USG were 95.2% (95% CI: 76.2%-99.9%) and 95.0 (95% CI: 75.1%-99.9%), respectively., Conclusions: This study supports that the combination of 18F-FCH PET/CT and repeated USG has promising potential for being an imaging technique for early detection and localization of HPGs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©2022 Acta Endocrinologica (Buc).)

Objectives: The current study evaluates the value of cardiac hybrid imaging (CHI), performed by the fusion of functional and anatomic cardiac images, in the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis in cases with multiple coronary stenosis., Methods: A total of 36 patients (10 female, 26 male) in whom ischemia or infarction was detected on gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (gMPS) and multiple coronary stenosis were concomitantly detected on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and undergone invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was included in this study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22 Windows software. McNemar test was applied to show concordance between coronary CT angiography, ICA and CHI in the detection of anatomically or hemodynamically significant stenosis in three major coronary arteries. Comparison results of coronary arteries responsible for perfusion defects on CHI and gMPS are presented as percentages (%)., Results: There was total accordance between coronary arteries leading to perfusion defects detected by gMPS and CHI in 50% of patients. It was observed a partial accordance in 36.1% of the patients. Additionally, it was also detected perfusion defects originated from side branches in 25% of the patients. Between results of CCTA and ICA, no statistically significant difference was noted in the detection of anatomically significant stenoses in the left main coronary artery, left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCx) and right coronary artery (RCA) (p=1.000, 0.070, 0.549, and 1.000, respectively). In addition, no statistically significant difference was found in the detection of anatomically and hemodynamically significant stenoses in LAD, LCx and RCA by CCTA and CHI (p=0.344, 0.629, and 0.219, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed in the detection of anatomically and hemodynamically significant stenoses in LAD, LCx and RCA by ICA and CHI (p=0.804, 1.000, and 0.344, respectively)., Conclusion: It is possible to detect hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis directly by CHI modality in patients with multiple coronary stenosis, wide perfusion defects., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2022 by Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy published by Galenos Yayınevi.)

Background: Mental stress and depressive disorders have negative effect on bone biology and increase fracture risk. Fluoxetine is a widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of these disorders. We aimed to evaluate the effects of social stress and fluoxetine treatment on fracture healing., Methods: This study was performed with 32 male Sprague-Dawley® rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups with eight rats in each group. Social stress regimen was performed in groups 3 and 4 for 15 days. Placebo for groups 1 and 3 and fluoxetine for groups 2 and 4 was administrated. Rat femur open (osteotomy) fracture model was performed. Placebo and fluoxetine were continued to be given to the same groups for four weeks until sacrification of animals. Sacrificed right femurs of subjects were evaluated histologically and radiologically. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program., Results: Fracture healing score that evaluates the fracture healing quantitatively based on histological scale and bone mineral density of group 3 were significantly lower than other groups, and there was no significant difference between other groups. Inflammation score of group 2 was significantly lower than group 3. Group 1 had higher new callus formation/original cortex volume than group 2 and group 3. In immunohistochemical evaluation, the H-score of BMP-7/osteoblast in group 3 was lower than in group 1. The H-score of CD34 in group 3 was lower than in group 1., Discussion: The positive and negative effects of fluoxetine, which is used in the treatment of depressive disorders, on wound, tendon, or bone healing have been shown in the literature. In this study, we showed the negative effects of depression on the early stages of fracture healing. Although fluoxetine had no detrimental effect on fracture healing in non-depressive rats, impaired fracture healing was reversed and better radiological and histological findings were obtained in depressive rats treated with fluoxetine. Our findings indicate that fluoxetine, which minimizes the negative effects of social stress on bone healing, can be used safely in the treatment of depressive disorders in patients with fractures., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the radiological, biomechanical, histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical effects of different doses of vardenafil on fracture healing., Materials and Methods: Fifty-one rats were divided into three groups. Group V5 was given 5 mg/kg/day of vardenafil; Group V10 was given 10 mg/kg/day of vardenafil; and the control group was given the same volume of saline. Six rats from each group were sacrificed on Day 14 (early period) and the remaining rats were sacrificed on Day 42 (late period). Callus/femoral volume and bone mineral density were measured using micro-computed tomography. Five femurs from each group in the late period were examined by biomechanical tests. In addition to the histopathological and histomorphometric evaluations, immunohistochemical analyses were performed to examine the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor-3 (TGF-β3), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins., Results: Both doses of vardenafil increased primary bone volume and maximal bone fracture strength in late period, compared to the control group (p<0.05). Histological healing scores of vardenafil groups were significantly higher in early period (p<0.001). While cartilaginous callus/total callus ratio in early period was higher, callus diameter/femoral diameter ratio in late period was lower in vardenafil groups (p<0.01). The NF-κB immunopositivity in V10 group decreased in early period, compared to control group (p<0.001). The TGF-β3 and iNOS immunopositivity increased in both V5 and V10 groups, compared to the control group in early period, but returned to normal in late period., Conclusion: During the first period of fracture healing process in which vasodilation is mostly required with increasing inflammation, vardenafil has ameliorating effects on the bone union and supports fracture healing.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the loss of reduction in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures and to compare the three-point index (TPI) with the cast index, padding index, Canterbury index, and gap index., Patients and Methods: This retrospective study, which was conducted between January 2016 and December 2016, included 159 patients (134 males, 25 females; mean age 8.1±2.8 years; range, 3 to 13 years) with diaphyseal forearm fracture. Patients' age, gender, and the level, displacement, and location of the fractures were recorded. The presence of anatomic reduction, a straight ulnar border, and the cast type (banana or box type) were checked after the reduction. The TPI, cast index, padding index, Canterbury index, and gap index were measured., Results: Fifty-two patients (32.7%) experienced loss of reduction during the follow-up. Displaced fractures of both the radius and the ulna, cast type-banana, anatomical reduction, straight ulnar border, TPI, cast index, padding index, and Canterbury index were found to be associated with re-displacement., Conclusion: Although cast indices can be used as a beneficial clinical tool in predicting the loss of reduction in the treatment of pediatric forearm fractures, they may not be sufficient when used alone. Obtaining a more accurate result may be possible by assessing several parameters such as the presence of an anatomic reduction, box-type casting, and TPI together.

Objective: Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a form of extra-nodal lymphoma originating from the testicles. Currently, positron emission tomography (PET) with glucose analogue 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) is the most popular and widely used modality for evaluating tumor metabolism, and PTL usually displays increased 18 F-FDG uptake. Despite the rapid increase in clinical applications of FDG PET/ computed tomography (CT), its role in PTL has neither been clearly defined nor reviewed systematically. This study reviews the usefulness and limitation of FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of PTL., Methods: This study included 12 patients with PTL between 2004 and 2015. We retrospectively examined PET/CT results along with patient outcome. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) was calculated., Results: The mean overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 44.5 months and 35.5 months, respectively. The mean SUV max was identified as 18.5 in recurrent/metastatic group. The 1-year and 3-year OS was 94% and 69%, while the 1-year and 2-year DFS was 93.5% and 56%, respectively., Conclusion: FDG PET/CT is very helpful in both staging and evaluating treatment response. Although it is not a perfect tool in the initial diagnosis, it might aid in the differential diagnosis of challenging testicular tumors. Pre-treatment and post-treatment FDG uptake values may also have a prognostic value in patients with PTL.

Objective: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arising from tissues other than primary lymphatic sites are classified as primary extranodal lymphomas (PEL). PELs of the gastrointestinal system (PGISL) originate from the lymphatic tissues within the gastrointestinal tract. The prognostic value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in lymphomas is high in terms of both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Our aim was to investigate the uptake patterns and properties of low-grade and high-grade PGISL on primary staging 18 F-FDG PET/CT, as well as the prognostic significance of metabolic tumor parameters in high grade PGISL., Methods: Thirty-nine patients with PGISL were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study between 2004-2015. Primary staging 18 F-FDG PET/CT have been performed and quantitative parameters of SUV max , SUV mean , metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) have been calculated for all patients prior to treatment. Low-grade and high-grade PGISL were compared in terms of metabolic tumor parameters. Cox regression models were performed to determine factors that correlate with DFS in high-grade PGISL., Results: There were statistically significant differences between high-grade and low-grade PGISL in terms of SUV max , SUV mean , MTV, TLG, recurrence, mortality, DFS and OS. None of the potential risk factors (sex, age, site, SUV max , SUV mean , MTV, TLG) for recurrence and metastasis in high grade PGISL was identified as a risk factor on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis., Conclusion: Metabolic tumor parameters are not predictive markers in high-grade PGISL, especially in diffuse large B cell variant and primary gastric lymphoma. The first implications suggest they will not play a role in patient management.

Objective: To compare standardized uptake values (SUV) derived from pre-treatment 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and clinical prognostic factors in pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)., Methods: Pre-treatment FDG PET/CT findings of 28 children with HL were evaluated in this retrospective study. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV), SUV max normalized by weight (SUV weight ), lean body mass (SUV lbm ), body surface area (SUV bsa ) and plasma glucose levels of tumors (SUV glucose ) were calculated using pre-treatment FDG PET/CT scan images. These metabolic parameters were correlated with clinical factors [age, sex, number of lymph node groups, presence of splenic involvement, bulky mediastinal disease, Ann Arbor stage, serum white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum albumin and hemoglobin levels]., Results: SUV bsa , SUV lbm , SUV weight , SUV glucose and MTV were higher in patients with stage III-IV disease, bulky tumor and ≥3 lymph node groups (p<0.05). SUV bsa and SUV glucose were higher in patients with splenic involvement (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between these metabolic parameters and sex, ESR, levels of albumin and WBC (p>0.05). SUV bsa and SUV lbm were higher in patients with anemia (p<0.05). Additionally, significant increases were detected in SUV weight , MTV, and SUV glucose with increasing age (p=0.005, p=0.027, and p=0.009, respectively). SUV bsa and SUV lbm had no significant correlation with age (p>0.05)., Conclusion: Metabolic parameters derived from pre-treatment FDG PET/CT may have an important role in predicting high-risk disease in patients with HL. Also, SUV bsa and SUV lbm may be better markers than SUV weight in the quantitative evaluation of FDG PET/CT scans in pediatric patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare midterm functional and radiographic results of minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with intramedullary nailing (IMN) of simple intra-articular distal tibial fractures (AO-OTA type 43 C1-C2)., Methods: Seventy-three simple intra-articular distal tibial fracture patients were evaluated retrospectively. All were treated between 2009 and 2014. The average age of the patients was 40.3 years. Thirty-seven patients were treated with IMN and 36 patients were treated with MIPO. Fibular plate osteosynthesis was applied in 5 cases (13.5%) in the IMN group and in 23 patients (63.9%) in the MIPO group., Results: Functional results and complications of IMN and MIPO methods were assessed in 73 patients. The average union time was 16.4 ± 2.7 weeks in the IMN group and 15.2 ± 1.8 weeks in the MIPO group (p = 0.079). The average Olerud-Molander Ankle Score was 87.8 ± 8.1 in the IMN group and 81.5 ± 11.8 in the MIPO group (p = 0.013). Four patients in the IMN group experienced valgus malunion, while it was not observed in any patients in the MIPO group (p = 0.042). Recurvatum malunion was detected in 10 patients in the MIPO group and not seen in the IMN group (p = 0.001). Ankle dorsiflexion angle was 25.8 ± 4.5° in the IMN group and 33.3 ± 8.9° in the MIPO group (p = 0.000)., Conclusion: Simple intra-articular distal tibial fractures are successfully treated with IMN and MIPO. Prevalence of valgus malunion was higher in the IMN group and recurvatum was more prevalent in the MIPO group. MIPO is the first preference according to the literature; however, successful results have been obtained with IMN in this fracture pattern., Level of Evidence: Level III, Therapeutic Study., (Copyright © 2016 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate, both histopathologically and biomechanically, the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on surgically repaired Achilles tendon rupture recovery in rats., Methods: The study included 25 17-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 500-550 g. Five rats were used as donors, while 20 rats were separated as PRP group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The Achilles tendons of the rats were cut transversely, and PRP was administered to the PRP group, while the control group received serum physiologically to create the same surgical effect. In previous studies, it was shown that this serum does not affect tendon recovery. Fifteen and 30 days post-treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and their Achilles tendons were extracted and examined histopathologically and biomechanically., Results: Based on the obtained findings, it was observed that the histopathologic Movin and Bonar scores of PRP group on the 15th and 30th day post-treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (p=0.019, p=0.017, respectively), while no significant difference was found in maximum force (Fmax) values in biomechanical measures on the 15th and 30th day post-treatment., Conclusion: It is thought that PRP use in Achilles tendon ruptures positively affects histopathological recovery in the early period, but that it does not produce the same biomechanical effect. We believe that PRP use for qualified tendon recovery is histopathologically beneficial.

It has been shown that BRAF(V600E) mutation in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) is associated both with pathogenesis and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of the BRAF(V600E) mutation and the established prognostic factors in a cohort of Turkish patients with PTC. Forty-six cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma have been evaluated for the presence of BRAF(V600E) mutation. BRAF(V600E) has been examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. BRAF(V600E) mutation status has been compared with well-known histopathological and clinical prognostic parameters such as invasion of thyroid capsule, extrathyroidal extension, and the presence of lymph node and/or distant metastasis. We have found that BRAF(V600E) mutation was present in the majority of our cases (40/46). Considering the stage of the disease, five of the negative cases were in stage 1 while the remaining one was in stage 2. Only one BRAF(V600E) negative case has shown extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis. All four patients with distant metastasis had BRAF(V600E) mutation. Statistical analyses revealed that there are no significant relationship between the BRAF(V600E) mutation and the established prognostic factors. We found a relatively higher BRAF(V600E) mutation rate in classical type PTC than in other similar studies. We think that the limited number of our cases may either weaken or mask some potentially important relationship between BRAF(V600E) mutation and the established prognostic factors.

Purpose: To improve the surgical success and reduce the complication rates, we combine our routine preoperative ultrasound (US) mapping technique with radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer recurrences in central compartment., Materials and Methods: In the morning of surgery, biopsy proven recurrent/persistent tumoral lesions were plotted on a sketch and injected with Tc-99m labeled macroaggregated albumin under US guidance. Thyroid bed exploration was carried out based on the location of biopsy proven lesion with the guidance of intraoperative gamma probe and neck map. The lymphoadipose tissues showing high count rates were resected and labeled separately for histopathologic study., Results: Despite extensive scarring in some patients probe safely guided to lesions. Noninjected tumor foci were searched and successfully resected in the light of neck map that showing topographic relation of injected and noninjected lesions. Among total of 41 excised lesions, 28 metastatic foci ranging from 3 to 38 mm in largest diameter were recognized at final histologic examination. Combination of preoperative mapping with ROLL was found helpful by the operating surgeons in all patients, respectively. Except 2 patients with known distant metastases, undetectable thyroglobulin levels were reached 6 weeks after surgery., Conclusions: The use of preoperative US-mapping with ROLL in patients with nonpalpable recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid cancer in central compartment is technically safe and effective method. Combination of techniques provides better information about topographical relations of recurrent/persistent lesions during surgery.