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The purpose of this study was in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of commercially available gutta-percha containing tetracycline on some potential endodontic pathogens. The test microorganisms were Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Candida albicans . Tetracycline-integrated gutta-percha (TGP) cones, tetracycline disc, and conventional gutta-percha cones of the same size were placed on the inoculated plates. The plates were incubated at 37 degrees C aerobically or anaerobically. Growth inhibition zones on each plate were inspected at 24, 48, and 72 h. Tetracycline disc and TGP cones inhibited all the tested bacterial strains, however the greatest antimicrobial effect was seen on S. aureus. Tetracycline disc and TGP seemed less effective on E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. However, all tested treatments were unable to affect C. albicans . Based on the results of this study, it seems that TGP offers an antimicrobial advantage over conventional gutta-percha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the ability of the diode and Nd:YAG lasers to decrease postoperative pain/discomfort after intracanal application in vital and devital endodontic cases., Material and Methods: One hundred two patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and asymptomatic necrotic pulps were selected and randomly divided into three groups. After chemomechanical preparation, Nd:YAG and diode laser was applied to first and second groups for final treatment of the root canals. In the control group, no further disinfection protocol was performed upon traditional procedures. Then all the teeth were obturated in the same appointment. Pre- and postoperative pain were recorded using the VAS at 0, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the treatment Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test., Results: VAS scores were significantly the most at 12-h period compared with other time periods after treatment for all groups. There was no significant difference among Nd:YAG laser, diode laser, and control groups in non-vital cases (p > 0.05). In vital cases, Nd:YAG laser group represented significantly fewer scores compared with diode laser and control groups at 48-h period (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: The processes involving the use of Nd:YAG and diode lasers after chemomechanical preparation was found to be equivalent in terms of postoperative pain intensity after completion of treatment in one session both in vital or non-vital cases except in vital cases in Nd:YAG group at 48 h., Clinical Relevance: Adjunct clinical use of Nd:YAG or diode lasers to traditional chemomechanical preparation did not cause any improvement or deterioration on postoperative discomfort and pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and asymptomatic necrotic pulps.

Background: The success of endodontic treatment depends on a few crucial factors. One of these factors is the complete chemomechanic preparation of root canal against various bacteria. In particular, the effect of resistant bacteria may cause intense pain with flare-up and formation of periapical lesions. Therefore, the strong effect of irrigants plays an important role in terms of the complete elimination of these bacteria to achieve long-term successful treatment., Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of super-oxidized water (SPO) in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis biofilms., Methods: One hundred twenty single-root, premolar teeth were selected. Initially, the teeth were prepared and then disinfected. E. faecalis were inoculated and kept at 37°C for 24 hours in the root canals. The re-inoculation procedure was repeated on the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth days. The infected root canals were divided into one negative (saline) and one positive (sodium hypochlorite) control group and four experimental groups (super-oxidized water: 1, 2, 3, or 5 minutes) (n = 20). Paper points were placed in the root canals to control and evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilms were counted on blood agar plates, and data was evaluated and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test., Results: Although sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no statistically significant difference when compared with three and five minutes of SPO irrigation (P > 0.05), NaOCl showed statistically significant differences among all other groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Super-oxidized water indicated a remarkable and similar bactericidal effect to that of traditional NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilms. In terms of successful endodontic treatment approaches, super-oxidized water may be used as an effective irrigation solution in clinics.

Anatomical variations must be considered in clinical and radiographical evaluations during endodontic treatment. Access cavity modifications may be required for stress free entry to complex anatomy. Higher magnification and illumination can be useful for access cavity preparation and to recognize and locate additional canals. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of two clinical cases of three rooted maxillary premolars.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hypochlorite immersion on the surface characteristics of RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments using atomic force microscopy (AFM)., Study Design: Four new RaCe instruments were used in this study (two 30.06 and two 30.02). One 30.06 and one 30.02 instrument were immersed in sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min. Surface topography of the instruments was evaluated using the AFM. The instruments were analyzed on 11 points along a 3-mm section. Root mean square (RMS) values were used to compare the topographic deviations. The data were analyzed using Student t test., Results: Mean RMS values for NaOCl measurements were higher than the measurements on new files, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .01)., Conclusion: The AFM results show that NaOCl causes deterioration on the surface of RaCe instruments and should be used with care during clinical use because of the risk of unexpected failure.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of new and used ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments by using atomic force microscope. Four new and four used size S1, S2, F1, and F2 instruments were selected for this study. New and used instruments were analyzed on 11 points along a 3-mm section at the tip of the instrument. Quantitative measurements according to the topographic deviations (root mean square) were recorded. Data were analyzed by paired samples t test. Mean root mean square values for used ProTaper instruments were higher than the new ones, and the difference between them was statistically significant. The results of this study showed that used ProTaper instruments demonstrated more surface deformation and wear.

The aim of this study was to compare the amount of apical extrusion during manual instrumentation and engine-driven rotary instrumentation in teeth with disrupted apical constriction. Fifty-two teeth were divided into two groups comprising 26 teeth each. Teeth in each group were further divided into two sub-groups, the apices of which were enlarged approximately to a diameter of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. One group was instrumented using standardized technique with K-files and the other with ProFile .04 Taper Series 29, while irrigating with sodium hypochlorite. Glass vial model was modified for collection of extruded debris and irrigant as well as to integrate an electronic apex locator to the experimental assemble. The statistical analysis using Student's t test revealed no significant difference between instrumentation with K-files and ProFile .04 taper files (p > 0.05). There was a tendency with both techniques to extrude apically more material as the diameter of the apical patency increased.

In this study; slime factor which is produced by coagulase negative Staphylococci was investigated in infected pulps of 145 primary and permanent teeth. Staphylococci were isolated in 27% of the cultures and all of the isolated Staphylococci were coagulase negative (CNS) in permanent teeth whereas 75% of isolated Staphylococci were coagulase negative in primary teeth. Slime production rate was the same for both groups and 22% of CNS were found slime positive. It is thought that slime production is important not only in endodontic microbiology, but also in other fields of dentistry for the explanation of the pathogenesis of infection.

Volumetric dye penetration into the canals of 131 teeth was studied spectrophotometrically. The teeth were first divided into three groups according to the degree of curvature. Each group was then subdivided into four groups, in which the Thermafil and lateral condensation techniques were used with or without ultrasonic irrigation. Significant microleakage differences were observed between group I (0-10 degrees) and group III (21-30 degrees) for lateral condensation filling with ultrasound irrigation and Thermafil filling without ultrasound irrigation (p < 0.05).