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In the sol-gel method, nano-materials are obtained by the calcination of the produced hydroxide, which represents several drawbacks, such as high toxicity, high cost and high energy consumption. Therefore, for the first time, β-Ni(OH)2 was used instead of nano-NiO to develop green geopolymeric composites with high-dose radiation tolerance. The mix-design was formulated using slag and fly ash (1:1) activated with 5 wt% NaOH and modified with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% β-Ni(OH)2. The fresh properties were investigated. It was found that increasing the β-Ni(OH)2 dose reduces workability (mini-slump test) with a slight increase in density. A compressive strength test was performed for all specimens before (cured for 28-days) and after exposure to different radiation doses (100, 200 and 300 KGy). Electron-beam and gamma-ray were used as various sources of radiation. The results demonstrated that incorporating β-Ni(OH)2 in the non-irradiated and irradiated composites enhanced their performance at all additional levels. The irradiation process by electron-beam and gamma-ray positively impacts the compressive strength at all radiation doses, especially at 200 KGy. The highest compressive strength was achieved by the specimen containing 0.5 wt% β-Ni(OH)2 (67.3 MPa at 28-days, 88 MPa at 200KGy/electron-beam and 76.5 MPa at 200KGy/gamma-ray). The XRD, TGA/DTG and SEM analysis techniques proved that the synergistic impact of β-Ni(OH)2 (high reactivity and filling/catalytic impact) and irradiation process (activation unreacted precursors) motivate the formation of new binding phases such as NiAl2O4, CaNiSi2O6 and analcime as well as ordering zeolitic phases in cross-linked structure, causing improvement in the performance.

This study created green multifunctional geopolymeric sorbent material with strong cationic dye adsorption capacity and superior mechanical strength to broaden lead sludge (LS)-based geopolymer applications. In this study, two geopolymeric sorbents (Go and G) were fabricated using slag blended with 0 and 50 wt% LS, respectively and activated with 6 wt% NaOH. The Go and G specimens were normally cured for up to 28 days, while G specimens were hydrothermally cured at different steam-pressures to modify/improve histological characteristics as well as mechanical resistance. The selected sorbents were characterized via XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTG, XPS, N2-adsorption/desorption and SEM/EDX techniques. G/5 bar′s high strength and adsorption capacity may be due to the production of CSH, CAH, CASH, and NASH, which formed a fine mesoporous zeolitic structure with the highest BET-surface area (64.55 m2/g) and lowest BJH-maximum pore diameter (9.68 nm). The maximum MB adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbent was 230.4 mg/g.

In this investigation, the impact of texture characteristics and the degree of crystallinity of the bunsenite phase (NiO) on the mechanical performance and fire resistivity of the geopolymeric composites is addressed for the first time. NiO with different characteristics is prepared by applying two calcination-temperatures (400 and 600 °C) to obtain NiO-400 and NiO-600, respectively. Seven mixes were prepared; the control specimen was fabricated by mixing 50% slag+50%fly-ash + NaOH-solution and the other six mixes contained the same component modified with 0.5, 1, 2% NiO-400 or NiO-600. The compressive-strength at 3 and 28-days and fire resistivity up to 1000 °C were studied. Also, the phase composition and micro-structure were examined using XRD and TGA/DTG as well as SEM, respectively. The results showed that increasing calcination-temperature leads to decreasing surface area and increasing the degree of crystallinity of NiO. The composites modified with NiO-400 significantly enhanced the strength and fire resistivity of the control specimen, while NiO-600 demonstrated a lower effect. This refers to increasing the calcination-temperature is accompanied by decreasing the degree of reactivity, which reflects on the properties of geopolymeric composites. Regardless of the NiO-type, 1 w.% exhibited the highest strength. Adding NiO induced the formation of NiAl2O4, CaNi(SiO3)2 and NaAlSi2O6.H2O, which is compatible with enhancing mechanical and fire resistivity results.

Abstract One-part alkali-activated materials (OP-AAM) have become a promising binder with low carbon and energy requirements associated with superior mechanical and durability characteristics. This study aims to employ commercial superplasticizers (naphthalene-based “Nb-SP” and polycarboxylate-based “PCb-SP”), as well as laboratory-prepared one (phenol–formaldehyde sulfanilate “PFS-SP”) in enhancing the properties of OP-AAM. The main problem of superplasticizers (SPs) in the AAM is their hydrolysis in the alkaline activator (NaOH) used in the activation reactions. Therefore, the thermo-chemical treatment process was utilized to mitigate the high activator alkalinity by impeding the NaOH in the aluminosilicate precursor matrix. The OP-AAM was fabricated from thermo-chemical treatment powder (TCT-P) resulting from sintering blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with 10 wt% NaOH at 300 and 500 °C. The XRD-pattern showed that NaOH was impeded in the GGBFS via sodium aluminum silicate phase formation after sintering at 500 °C. The results showed that the admixed OP-AAM prepared from TCT-P at 500 °C greatly enhanced the workability and mechanical properties. The PFS-SP proved its efficiency in improving the properties of OP-AAM prepared TCT-P at 300 and 500 °C, referring to its high stability in an alkaline medium. While PCb-SP reinforced the properties of OP-AAM prepared from TCT-P at 500 °C only, proving that PCb-SP promotes high capability in TCT-P-500 as well as in Portland cement.

The main goal behind this research is to produce antimicrobial cementitious composites with acceptable mechanical characteristics based on de-aluminated metakaolin waste (DAK) and commercial titania. Two cementitious blends have been prepared: OPC containing 50%DAK and OPC containing 45%DAK +5% TiO2 NPs. Regarding curing time and cost, these blends were treated under two different curing regimes: normal curing under tap water for up to 28-days at room temperature and hydrothermal curing at various steam pressures of up to 12 bars. Compared with the reference paste (OPC/28days), compressive strength test, phases identification, morphology, textural characteristics, and microbial resistivity test were conducted. It was found that the normal cured cementitious composite containing titania NPs possessed the highest strength (88 MPa) compared with reference (80 MPa) and OPC+50%DAK (58 MPa). On the other hand, the strength value for cementitious composite modified with TiO2 NPs reached 96 MPa under autoclave curing at 4 bars for 8 h and became 61.6 MPa for OPC+50%DAK. XRD and TGA/DTG techniques confirmed the formation of binding hydrates (C-S-Hs, C-A-S-Hs and C-A-Hs) under different curing conditions. SEM/EDX indicated stacked plates, fibers, and rods of C-S-Hs under hydrothermal treatment. N2-adsorption/desorption technique revealed that autoclaving conditions significantly reduced the pore diameter of the prepared blends. Two fungi strains (Mucor-circinelloide and Aspergillus-terreus) and two bacteria strains (Gram Positive-Bacillus subtilis-ATCC6633, Gram negative-K. pneumonia-ATCC13883) were used to conduct a self-cleaning test. According to the agar diffusion test, high inhibition zones were observed for normally cured OPC-50%DAK and OPC-45%DAK-5%TiO2 pastes.

The main target of this research is the fabrication of pre-cast/self-cleaning eco-friendly building materials with adequate mechanical properties to be used in constructions exposed to bacteria, such as hospitals, to prevent the spread of epidemics and diseases. The impact of different doses of mesoporous NiO (MP-NiO) on the compressive strength value of 50 wt%slag+ 50 wt%fly-ash geopolymer paste was studied at different curing regimes. At 28-days of normal curing, the strength values for the modified pastes containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% MP-NiO were 47, 62.4, 65.9 and 58.5 MPa, respectively, while these values completely changed under hydrothermal treatment to become 98.6, 104.8, 105.6 and 100.8 MPa, respectively at 6bars for 4hrs. XRD, TGA/DTG, and SEM techniques affirmed the dual effect of MP-NiO and hydrothermal curing in the production of CSHs, CAHs, CASHs, zeolitic phases, nickel-aluminate spinel (NiAl2O4) and calcium-nickel-silicate (CaNiSi2O6) that reinforced the internal microstructure. The self-cleaning test was conducted via the agar diffusion method. High bacterial resistivity was observed in the cases of discs containing 1% mesoporous NiO, whatever the curing conditions, as these discs strongly resisted the growth of Salmonella, K.Pneumonia, and E. Faecalis and the measured inhibition zones around normally cured discs were 44 ± 1, 44 ± 1, and 52 ± 2, respectively while the measured inhibition zones around autoclaved discs were 45 ± 1, 43 ± 1, and 48 ± 2, respectively.

Abstract Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an alkaline activator presents a vital limitation in the mass production of alkali-activated binders due to its severe effect on users’ safety. In this study, safe and sustainable one-part alkali-activated slag mixes (OP-AAS) were prepared through an efficient microwave sintering for a mixture of active amorphous ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and sodium hydroxide powder (NaOH). Different microwave-sintered powders were prepared using microwave energy of power 900 W for the mixture at different treatment periods (10, 20, and 30 min). Fresh and hardened properties of different OP-AAS mixes were studied. Moreover, the phase composition and microstructure were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cytotoxicity/viability testing was performed to evaluate the cell death induced by the developed materials to measure their safety for the user. According to compressive strength, cytotoxicity/viability analysis, environmental impact and cost calculation of developed OP-AAS, it is concluded that employing microwave sintering for a short duration is sufficient to produce safe binding materials with adequate mechanical properties suitable for commercial applications in the construction sector.

Recycling Pb-containing-sludge, as industrial hazardous waste, in the fabrication of eco-friendly construction material with high mechanical characteristics and antimicrobial activity is the nominal target behind this investigation. The received sludge (RS) has been thermally treated at 500 °C to weed out the entire organic content to benefit from received (RS) and treated (TS) sludges in preparation for geopolymer pastes as an alternative to commercial Portland cement. OPC paste cured up to 28-days at normal conditions was used as a reference, and two other geopolymer pastes were prepared by 5%NaOH-activation; slag containing 50%RS (AAS-RS) and 50%TS (AAS-TS). Two curing regimes treated geopolymer pastes: high humidity at 25 °C for 28-days and hydrothermal treatment at different steam pressures (2, 5, 8 bars) and different time intervals (2, 4, 8 h). The formed binding phases are detected by XRD, TGA/DTG and SEM techniques. A microbial resistivity test was conducted using two different fungi (Aspergillus-terreus and Mucor-circinelloide) and two different bacteria (K.pneumonia-ATCC13883 and Bacillus-subtilis-ATCC6633). The overall outcomes of this study confirmed that the AAS-TS composite possessed higher compressive strength than AAS-RS. Moreover, autoclaving at 5 bars/4hrs for AAS-TS paste was the best condition to reach high strength (72 MPa) compared to OPC (68 MPa). The inhibition zone data confirmed that OPC pastes have no resistance against mentioned microbes, while the composite AAS-RS (cured under humidity for 28-days) possessed the highest antimicrobial action among all geopolymer pastes. Successful immobilization of toxic lead in all geopolymeric pastes, whatever the curing conditions, was achieved according to the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP).

ن الأهداف الرئيسية للبحث هي التعرف على الفروقات في بعض المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية بين مهارة الإرسال المتموج من الوقوف والإرسال المتموج من القفز بلعبة الكرة الطائرة والتعرف على الفروقات في نسبة الفاعلية بين مهارة الإرسال المتموج من الوقوف والإرسال المتموج من القفز بلعبة الكرة الطائرة ، وتبرز أهمية البحث والحاجة إليه في توفير المعلومات الدقيقة حول نسبة فاعلية بعض أنواع مهارة الإرسال أثناء الأداء ومقارنتها مع بعض المتغيرات البايوميكانيكية لهذه الأنواع وبالتالي التعرف على وجود من عدم وجود فروقات في تلك المتغيرات مع نسبة الفاعلية لمهارة الأرسال، وقد قام الباحث باختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العمدية وشملت (14) لاعبا يمثلون ناديي الشرطة والصناعة للمتقدمين المشارك في دوري الدرجة الممتازة للموسم الرياضي 2009-2010، وقد اجريت التجربة الرئيسية بتاريخ(25/7/2010)، واستخدم الباحث الة تصوير فديوية بسرعة(25) صورة/ثانية، وتم تحليل النتائج واستخراج المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية بواسطة برنامج(Dartfish)، وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة نتائج اهمها ظهور فروق معنوية لصالح الارسال المتموج من القفز في متغيرات( سرعة انطلاق الكرة، السرعة الزاوية لمفصل الكتف، مسافة انطلاق الكرة، اعلى ارتفاع للكرة لحظة ضرب الكرة، نسبة الفاعلية)، كما ظهرت فروق معنوية لصالح الارسال المتموج من الوقوف في متغيري(زاوية الورك لحظة ضرب الكرة، زاوية انطلاق الكرة)، وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة توصيات اهمها ضرورة اهتمام المدربين واللاعبين باستخدام مهارة الارسال المتموج من القفز لتحقيقه نسبة فاعلية اعلى من الارسال المتموج من الوقوف، وضرورة استخدام الارسال المتموج من القفز لتفوقه في قوة وسرعة الكرة مقارنة بالارسال المتموج من الوقوف على الرغم من سهولة أدائه مقارنة بالارسال الساحق

The natural kaolin deposits are crystalline inert with low CaO contents and surface area. Therefore, kaolin is not a suitable material used to produce Alkali Activated Binders (AAB) due to the low strength resulting. This work aims to optimize kaolin into metakaolin and use them later as AAB. Initially, kaolin was characterized to determine its chemical compositions and reactivity before and after calcination through XRF, XRD and Chapelle test. Kaolin is thermally treated at different firing conditions (500, 550, 600, 650 and 700 °C for 15, 30 and 60 min, i.e., 15 firing trials). The optimum calcination parameter revealed according to the Chapelle method is 600 °C for 60 min. Paste specimens were fabricated from selected metakaolin according to different pozzolanicity using 5, 10 and 14 wt% NaOH as activation media. The paste specimens were cured at 40, 60 and 80 °C for 24 hrs, then cured at room temperature with 98 ± 2 % relative humidity for 28 days. It is found that metakaolin paste with high optimum pozzolanicity produces AAB with higher mechanical compressive strength values (20.9 MPa) after curing at 60 °C. The latter mechanical compressive strength is maximized (27.09 MPa) when metakaolin pastes are activated by 14 wt% NaOH and 10 wt% Na2SiO3 mixture.

Chloride attack on reinforced concrete is considered the most important aspect in concrete durability investigation. This study is carried out to investigate effect of curing condition on the chloride binding capacity of fly ash geopolymer pastes containing a range of cast in chloride contents (NaCL), varying from 1%, 2% and 4% by mass of binder. The applied curing regimes were normal, oven, steam and microwave. The impact of induced chlorides on the compressive strength and on the chloride binding capacity of fly ash geopolymers under different curing conditions is determined. A detailed microstructure and phase composition analysis were conducted through SEM and XRD tests. It was observed that applying thermal curing conditions could increase the chloride binding capacity to the formed geopolyric hydration product. High curing temperatures promote the precursor dissolution reactions and will increase the overall generation of polymerization reaction products, while under normal curing a lot of fly ash grains did not fully react. Therefore, thermal curing is important in the activation of geopolymerization process that increase aluminosilicate gel and result in dense and less porous geopolymer matrix and yields in high compressive strength. This results in the physical adsorption and chemical binding of chloride ions on the gel surface, and hence reducing the rate of chloride ingress. It was concluded that the ingress of chlorides can be particularly controlled better through binding the free chloride ions under steam and microwave curing in the fly ash geopolymer concrete.

Sustainable disposal of dealuminated metakaolin (DAK) is a crucial environmental issue for the alum production industry. In previous studies, DAK was utilized as eco-friendly cementitious materials, but only 10 wt% was used instead of cement as DAK's high percentage has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties, so the environmental problem of DAK has not yet been solved. In this study, commercial titanium oxide (TiO2) was incorporated in a cement matrix containing DAK that reached 50 wt% to benefit from TiO2's properties in enhancing the mechanical performance of binding materials and producing cementitious blends used as blocking materials against harmful gamma radiation. Five pastes were prepared to reach the main target; ordinary Portland cement (OPC), OPC-10%DAK (D10), OPC-30%DAK (D30), OPC-50%DAK (D50) and OPC-45%DAK-5%TiO2 (D45-T5). By means of a mini-slump test, all fresh blends have very close flowability using the appreciated additions of polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The hardened composites were cured in tap water for up to 28-days. Compressive strength results at 28 days for OPC, D10, D30 and D50 were 80, 94.6, 60.8 and 57.6 MPa, respectively. An obvious turning point in strength value from 57.6 to 88 MPa after replacement of DAK by 5 wt% TiO2 (D45-T5). A gamma-ray shielding test was performed using two radioactive isotopes (Co-60 and Cs-137). The inclusion of 5% TiO2 has a great impact on the development of shielding power of D45-T5 compared with OPC; the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) values were enhanced from 0.127 ± 0.003 cm−1 to 0.199 ± 0.007 cm−1 at 661.6 Kev and from 0.118 ± 0.003 cm−1 to 0.144 ± 0.005 cm−1 at 1332.5 Kev. The unique properties of specimens containing the anatase phase may be attributed to the fact that the TiO2 may act as a nano-filler and active seeds for the formation of further hydration products such as CSHs, CAHs and CASHs as detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analyses techniques (TGA/DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX). TiO2 caused rearrangement of the textural structure of D45-T5 composite to meso pores, as proved by N2-adsorption/desorption technique. Moreover, the TiO2’s tetragonal structure makes it has dosimetric characteristics of high adsorbent for gamma rays.

The main objective of this work is to compare conventional Portland cement pastes (OPC) and alkali-activated geopolymer pastes in terms of compressive strength, phase composition, micro-porosity, and attenuation ability against harmful gamma irradiation. OPC pastes were cured at 20 °C in tap water for up to 28 days, while geopolymer pastes were prepared by recycling two different industrial byproducts. Equal masses of slag (GGBFS) and recycled glass powder (RGP) were activated by two concentrations of NaOH (5% and 10% mass of total binders). The obtained geopolymer pastes were treated in different manners; some pastes were treated in high humidity at 20 °C and 80 °C for 28 days, while other pastes were cured in an autoclave for different time intervals (2, 4, 8 and 12 hrs) and different steam pressures (4, 6 and 8 bar). A Gamma attenuation capacity test was performed to determine the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) for some selected hardened pastes. Two sources of gamma-ray were used (137Cs/661.6Kev & 60Co/1332.5Kev). To correlate mechanical performance and attenuation behavior, the N2-adsorption/desorption technique was conducted to analyze the micro-porosity. The results indicated GGBFS-RGP geopolymer pastes activated by 5 wt% NaOH and thermally hydrated at 4bars for 8hrs possessed the highest compressive strength (86 MPa), highest attenuation ability (µ = 0.156 and 0.126 cm−1), highest BET ''Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model'' surface area (10048 cm2/g) and minimum BJH ''Barrett-Joyner-Halenda model''-average pore diameter (23.6 nm) as compared with OPC pastes and other all geopolymer pastes. After the autoclaving process, calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-Hs), calcium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-Hs), calcium-alumino-hydrate (C-A-Hs), sodium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (N-A-S-Hs) and hexagonal zeolite phase has been achieved via X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX).

In this study, the influence of various types superplasticizers namely; sikament-TG (TG), phenol-formaldehyde-sulfonilate (SI) and low phenol phenol-formaldehyde-sulfonilate (SII) on the rheological properties of silica fume-blended cement pastes (SF-BCPs) were studied. The mini slump and rheometer tests were used to examine the rheological properties of SF-cement blended pastes (SF-BCPs). The obtained results showed that, laboratory prepared admixtures (SI and SII) have a high efficiency than the commercial one (TG) in improving the rheological properties of SF-BCPs. Also, it is concluded that fresh control and admixed C-Ps exhibit a nonlinear behavior (shear-thin/thick). Therefore, Bingham-model cannot be applied for these C-Ps. Herschel–Bulkley-model and modified-Bingham- model can be used for shear-thick only as it is found that at τ=∞ when γ°=∞, while Hyperbolic-model can be applied for shear-thin only. The hyperbolic-model better than other models according to R2 and RMSE values; thus, the obtained hyperbolic-model YS values tend to be more reliable.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقدير العلاقة الكمية بين عناصر المناخ في محافظة بغداد ومقدار استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية فيها للمدة (2006-2017)، وجرى اختبار العناصر المناخية إحصائيا لغرض تتبع ما يمكن أن يحدثه تغير أي عنصر من عناصر المناخ في استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية، ودراسة عنصر الإشعاع الشمسي ودرجة الحرارة والرياح والأمطار والعواصف الغبارية وتحليل العلاقات الكمية بينها باستعمال معامل الارتباط بيرسون واستخلاص النتائج.

This study aimed to knowledge of the effects of the Traditional ore upon the structure of sculpture form, as well as to knowledge of new materials that was used for the contemporary sculpture. This study included four chapter: first chapter was specialized for methodical frame. such as problem of research. that it was abstracted by question about the reason that lead the sculptor to search from new raw to carry out his sculpture works? As well as the important of research and its limits was that define between year 1950 up to 2000. The second chapter included the theoretical field and previous studies, that formed from three researches, such as the fist about the materials, as it was considered master element at the sculpture formal. the it included study about the widespread classic materials in the sculpture, such as ( clay , bronze, stones, and wood) and showing its effect and its formal and expression ability . The second research included the effects of Traditional raw at the formal system in the historical studies that included stylistic change during the twentieth century , and the third research included the study of the structural relations systems at the sculpture formation. The third chapter included the procedures of the research that its contents the research society such as European and American contemporary sculpture, and sample of research(fundamental) that was formed from (20) samples. It was choose according to the aim of this research. As well as performance of research based upon the analysis form, and this chapter included the following method at sample study as the analytic descriptive method in order to reach to the results, and conclusion that fixed in forth chapter

This study aims to explore the feasibility of adopting international capital budgeting (ICB) Criteria, specifically Net Present Value (NPV) and Adjusted Present Value (APV), as more suitable criteria for international companies when making investment decisions (ID). The study also elucidates the equations related to measuring the results of ICB Criteria, contributing to the estimation and prediction of future cash flows. The research sample included analysts, investors, academics, financial managers, and individuals interested in foreign investments and financial data analysis across all service contract fields. The researcher distributed 343 valid survey forms, including paragraphs and questions, and collected and classified the data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 24). The study concludes that ICB Criteria (NPV and APV) based on discounted cash flows (DCF) are preferred measures for making optimal ID in the Iraqi environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of establishing international capital budgeting Criteria (ICBC) that are more suitable for international companies in making investment decisions (ID). It highlights the equations related to measuring the results of international capital budgeting (CB) Criteria that contribute to achieving and predicting future cash flows. The research sample consisted of analysts, investors, academics, financial managers, and individuals interested in foreign investments and financial data analysis across various service contract fields. The researcher distributed 343 valid survey forms for analysis. The questionnaire included a set of paragraphs and questions, and the data were collected and categorized using the statistical software (SPSS 24). The study concludes that ICBC based on discounted cash flows (DCF) are preferred measures for making optimal ID in the Iraqi environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shortening the process of prescribing via permitting the pharmacist to select the most appropriate pharmaceuticals for each particular patient may provide great opportunities for pharmacists to develop suitable pharmaceutical care plan, monitor and follow up prescribed medications, communicate and consult physicians for more confirmations. Objective: The objective of the current protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacists prescribing interventions was to explore, investigate the evidence, assess and compare PICO in patients with medical conditions (population), receiving pharmacist's prescribing care services (interventions) versus non-pharmacist's prescribing (comparators), and identify how it will impact the clinical, humanistic, and economic patient's outcomes (outcomes). Methods: The necessary elements of PRISMA will be strictly followed to report the systematic review. The meta-analysis will be reported in line with the Cochrane guidelines for synthesis of trials and all forms will be based on quality measures as per the validated Cochrane templates. We will present the results of the systematic review and the meta-analysis based on PICO comparison between the included trials. Results: We have identified four models of pharmacist prescribing interventions (independent, dependent [collaborative], supplementary, and emergency prescribing). The results will contain a systematic critical evaluation of the included trials in terms of the sample number of the population (characteristics), the type of interventions and the comparators, and the main outcome measures. Conclusion: This protocol will report the evidence and explore the magnitude of impact of pharmacist prescribing interventions, on clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes. . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the isolates of Trichoderma that produce emodin by High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Trichoderma specimen were collected from University Gardens of Wassit Soil and identified dependent on morphological features and tested to production emodin by HPLC, then two Trichoderma isolates which produced a high concentration of emodin diagnosed for the species using PCR-ITS region. Twenty isolates were identified as Trichoderma according to morphological and microscopic features. In results eight Trichoderma isolates are show differences between the concentrations of secondary metabolic compound (emodin) among the twenty isolates. However, the total concentration of this compound in the extracts of specimen 1, specimen 2, specimen 3, specimen 4, specimen 5, specimen 6, specimen 7 and specimen 8 were (0.0009μg/ml), (0.1345μg/ml), (0.0041μg/ml), (0.0143μg/ml), (8.86666μg/ml), (0.0005μg/ml), (5.0590μg/ml) and (8.96203μg/ml), respectively. At the final concentration of Trichoderma isolates, genomic DNA has been extracted (400 to 600 μg) /(2 to 3g) of wet mycelium and at a purity of 1.6 to1.8 and the results of amplifying Trichoderma DNA samples by using the two universal primers ITS-1 and ITS-4 showed a single unique band consistent with T. harzianum, which with other isolates of the Trichoderma were missing, were identified successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sore throats are a major concern for mothers and fathers, but doctors can do a quick test to find out what type of sore throat you have. If it’s bacterial, antibiotics can help speed up recovery. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) can cause several infections to the throat of children. One of the methods of resistance that bacteria follow in their infections is their ability to form biofilms, which is also a factor in virulence. Different genes participate in the formation of the biofilm especially our genes for the current study such as, Can, fnpbA, mrkA, fimH etc. This study was designed to identifying all types of bacterial infections causing tonsillitis and pharyngitis in children with acute and chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Verify the bacteria that form tonsillitis and pharyngitis as forming biofilm. The detecting some virulence factors in bacterial infections that achieves an important achievement in the formation of membranes. Evaluate and determine the effects of some the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacterial infections. Sample collected from public health facilities and private clinics mainly from Al-Karama teaching hospital with 75(58%) of patients, 35(27%) from Al- Batool hospital for pediatrics and gynecology and 30(23%) from private clinics. The bacterial isolation tests detected that the main bacteria spp. that causes tonsillitis and pharyngitis were Staphylococcus spp. with 58 cases mainly the S.aureus bacteria that causes 19 case of tonsillitis and 10 cases of pharyngitis, followed by K. pneumoniae with 11 cases. As well as, the practical study started with obtaining bacterial isolates from sick children and it was confirmed by phenotypic and molecular selections. Antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm composition were evaluated using standard practical methods. The genes encoding adhesion and virulence factors were examined by PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]