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This study aimed to compare the upper-airway morphology between strictly matched Syrian (n = 43) and Hungarian (n = 43) adolescents with Class II/1 malocclusion and identify potential associations between upper airway depths and skeletofacial characteristics. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed, and independent-samples tests and correlation coefficients were used for the statistical analyses. The upper-pharyngeal airway was significantly narrower and the soft palate angle was significantly greater in the Syrian adolescents. Alternatively, the hyoid bone was more posteriorly positioned in the Hungarian adolescents when compared to their counterparts. Depths of the upper and middle pharynx were moderately correlated with sagittal and vertical skeletal dimensions only among Syrian subjects. The depth of the lower pharynx was moderately correlated with hyoid bone position, cervical length, and lip-chin-throat angle only among Hungarian subjects. These findings might have potential implications for optimizing the effects of orthognathic/orthodontic treatments on airway structures in these 2 groups.

ObjectivesMalocclusion features differ across various populations and ethnicities. At this time, no data are available regarding the dentofacial differences between Syrian and European adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion, which is one of the most frequently treated pathologies in orthodontic practice. The present combined cephalometric and tooth-size study aimed to compare the dentoskeletal and tooth-size characteristics of Syrian and Hungarian adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion.ResultsClass II division 1 malocclusion in Hungarian adolescents was a sagittal discrepancy, while in Syrian adolescents, it was a result of excessive vertical development. Syrian adolescents had a significantly excessive vertical development when compared with Hungarian adolescents, regardless of sex(p 0.01). Hungarian boys had significantly more protruded maxillae(p 0.001)and less retruded mandibles (p 0.01)when compared with Syrian boys, while Hungarian girls had significantly shorter mandibles relative to those of Syrian girls (p 0.01). Syrian girls had significantly more protrusive lower incisors (p 0.001), accompanied by significantly larger anterior tooth-size ratios when compared to Hungarian girls (p 0.001). In conclusion, these findings underscore the importance of considering ethnic differences during orthodontic diagnosis and may have implications for optimizing orthodontic treatments in Syrian and Hungarian adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Background Important alterations exist in the microbiomes of supragingival biofilm and saliva samples from adolescent patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis relative to healthy controls. These and the relationships to dental health are not fully understood yet. Subjects and methods Supragingival biofilm samples (n = 36) were collected from the teeth of 9 adolescents with gingivitis induced by orthodontic appliances, as well as dental plaques (n = 40) from 10 adolescents with spontaneous gingivitis, in addition to similar samples (n = 36) from 9 healthy controls. The bacterial metagenomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing. The data sets were examined using advanced bioinformatics workflows and two reference databases. Results The composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively among the three study groups. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of the genera Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Treponema, and Campylobacter were prominently higher in gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups. Conclusions The abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.

Background: Comparison of the microbiomes in supragingival biofilm and saliva samples collected from juvenile patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis with healthy controls.Results: 36 supragingival biofilm samples from 9 adolescent gingivitis patients wearing orthodontic appliances (induced gingivitis), 40 supragingival plaques from 10 patients having spontaneous gingivitis, and 36 control samples from 9 individuals without gingivitis in the same age group were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing to compare the sessile, i.e. biofilm immobilized communities with planktonic microbiota. The amplicon and whole genome data sets were scrutinized using bioinformatics workflows designed to minimize systemic biases. RDP and RefSeq reference databases were compared in the identification of microbiome members.The composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively between the two groups of gingivitis patients and controls. In spite of the overall similarities, the relative abundance of the genera Fusobacterium, Accermansia, Treponema and Campylobacter was prominently higher in samples from gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups. Conclusions: The higher relative abundance of certain gingivitis-associated taxa may either reflect their role in disease pathogenesis or may indicate that gingival inflammation favored the selective overgrowth of distinct bacterial clusters. At any rate, the abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.