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4. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author

Ng, Marie, Fleming, Tom, Robinson, Margaret, Thomson, Blake, Graetz, Nicholas, Margono, Christopher, Mullany, Erin C, Biryukov, Stan, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Jerry P, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Achoki, Tom, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso, Rafael, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Raghib, Guzman, Nelson Alvis, Ammar, Walid, Anwari, Palwasha, Banerjee, Amitava, Barquera, Simon, Basu, Sanjay, Bennett, Derrick A, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Blore, Jed, Cabral, Norberto, Nonato, Ismael Campos, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Courville, Karen J, Criqui, Michael H, Cundiff, David K, Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C, Dandona, Lalit, Davis, Adrian, Dayama, Anand, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Ding, Eric L, Durrani, Adnan M, Esteghamati, Alireza, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek FJ, Feigin, Valery L, Flaxman, Abraham, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Goto, Atsushi, Green, Mark A, Gupta, Rajeev, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hankey, Graeme J, Harewood, Heather C, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Hernandez, Lucia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Idrisov, Bulat T, Ikeda, Nayu, Islami, Farhad, Jahangir, Eiman, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeffreys, Mona, Jonas, Jost B, Kabagambe, Edmond K, Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinge, Jonas M, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Kwan, Gene, Lai, Taavi, Leinsalu, Mall, Li, Yichong, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liu, Shiwei, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lu, Yuan, Ma, Jixiang, Mainoo, Nana Kwaku, Mensah, George A, Merriman, Tony R, Mokdad, Ali H, Moschandreas, Joanna, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nand, Devina, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nelson, Erica Leigh, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Oti, Samuel O, and Pedroza, Andrea

Subjects
Pediatric, Prevention, Obesity, Nutrition, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Aetiology, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Metabolic and endocrine, Stroke, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cost of Illness, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Overweight, Prevalence, Regression Analysis, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundIn 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013.MethodsWe systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19,244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).FindingsWorldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3-30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down.InterpretationBecause of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2014

6. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Lim, Stephen S, Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Hay, Simon I, Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E, Pigott, David M, Salomon, Joshua A, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Benjamin O, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A, Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R A, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Broday, David M, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecílio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Neves, José das, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C, Deshpande, Aniruddha, deVeber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Fürst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Gugnani, Harish, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A F M, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, João, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B M, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murdoch, Michele E, Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, João Mário, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Santos, João Vasco, Santomauro, Damian F, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stöckl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J S, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Veerman, J Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2016
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7. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author

Mokdad, Ali H, Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein, Daoud, Farah, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Khalil, Ibrahim, Afshin, Ashkan, Tuffaha, Marwa, Charara, Raghid, Barber, Ryan M, Wagner, Joseph, Cercy, Kelly, Kravitz, Hannah, Coates, Matthew M, Robinson, Margaret, Estep, Kara, Steiner, Caitlyn, Jaber, Sara, Mokdad, Ali A, O'Rourke, Kevin F, Chew, Adrienne, Kim, Pauline, El Razek, Mohamed Magdy Abd, Abdalla, Safa, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Jerry P, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Al-Nehmi, Abdulwahab A, Akanda, Ali S, Al Ahmadi, Hanan, Al Khabouri, Mazin J, Al Lami, Faris H, Al Rayess, Zulfa A, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh F, Alghnam, Suliman, Alhabib, Samia, Al-Hamad, Nawal, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Syed Danish, Alkhateeb, Mohammad, AlMazroa, Mohammad A, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Al-Sheyab, Nihaya, Alsowaidi, Shirina, Al-Thani, Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anwari, Palwasha, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana, Assabri, Ali M, Assadi, Reza, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bakfalouni, Talal, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Bhakta, Amit R, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R A, Danawi, Hadi, Das, Jai, Deribew, Amare, Ding, Eric L, Durrani, Adnan M, Elshrek, Yousef, Ibrahim, Mohamed E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faghmous, Imad A D, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Ginawi, Ibrahim, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Gupta, Rahul, Habash, Rami M, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamdouni, Hayet, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hsairi, Mohamed, Husseini, Abdullatif, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jha, Vivekanand, Jonas, Jost B, Karam, Nadim E, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Nega Assefa, Kaul, Anil, Khader, Yousef, Khalifa, Shams Eldin A, Khan, Ejaz A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khoja, Tawfik, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Kinfu, Yohannes, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mansourian, Morteza, Marcenes, Wagner, Farid, Habibolah Masoudi, Mehari, Alem, Mehio-Sibai, Abla, Memish, Ziad A, Mensah, George A, Mohammad, Karzan A, Nahas, Ziad, Nasher, Jamal T, Nawaz, Haseeb, Nejjari, Chakib, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Omer, Saad B, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qato, Dima M, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh K, Rana, Saleem M, Rao, Sowmya R, Refaat, Amany H, Resnikoff, Serge, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Saade, Georges, Saeedi, Mohammad Y, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saleh, Shadi, Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Setegn, Tesfaye, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shishani, Kawkab, Sliwa, Karen, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Uthman, Olalekan A, Westerman, Ronny, Younis, Mustafa Z, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zannad, Faiez, Roth, Gregory A, Wang, Haidong, Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A, Lopez, Alan D, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2016
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13. World Health Organization and knowledge translation in maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition

Author

STAGE (Strategic Technical Advisory Group of Experts), Duke, Trevor, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Agarwal, Koki, Arora, Narendra K, Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Binka, Fred, Castro, Arachu, Claeson, Mariam, Dao, Blami, Darmstadt, Gary L, English, Mike, Jardali, Fadi, Merson, Michael, Ferrand, Rashida A, Golden, Alma, Golden, Michael H, Homer, Caroline, Jehan, Fyezah, Kabiru, Caroline W, Kirkwood, Betty, Lawn, Joy E, Li, Song, Patton, George C, Ruel, Marie, Sandall, Jane, Sachdev, Harshpal Singh, Tomlinson, Mark, Waiswa, Peter, Walker, Dilys, and Zlotkin, Stanley

Subjects
1103 Clinical Sciences, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Pediatrics
Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) has a mandate to promote maternal and child health and welfare through support to governments in the form of technical assistance, standards, epidemiological and statistical services, promoting teaching and training of healthcare professionals and providing direct aid in emergencies. The Strategic and Technical Advisory Group of Experts (STAGE) for maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition (MNCAHN) was established in 2020 to advise the Director-General of WHO on issues relating to MNCAHN. STAGE comprises individuals from multiple low-income and middle-income and high-income countries, has representatives from many professional disciplines and with diverse experience and interests.Progress in MNCAHN requires improvements in quality of services, equity of access and the evolution of services as technical guidance, community needs and epidemiology changes. Knowledge translation of WHO guidance and other guidelines is an important part of this. Countries need effective and responsive structures for adaptation and implementation of evidence-based interventions, strategies to improve guideline uptake, education and training and mechanisms to monitor quality and safety. This paper summarises STAGE's recommendations on how to improve knowledge translation in MNCAHN. They include support for national and regional technical advisory groups and subnational committees that coordinate maternal and child health; support for national plans for MNCAHN and their implementation and monitoring; the production of a small number of consolidated MNCAHN guidelines to promote integrated and holistic care; education and quality improvement strategies to support guidelines uptake; monitoring of gaps in knowledge translation and operational research in MNCAHN.

Published
2022

14. Self Reported Awareness of Child Maltreatment among School Professionals in Saudi Arabia: Impact of CRC Ratification

Author

AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Inam, Sarah S., AlEissa, Majid A., Noor, Ismail K., and Almuneef, Maha A.

Abstract

Objectives: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was ratified by Saudi Arabia 15 years ago; yet addressing the issue of child maltreatment only began in more recent years. School professionals play a significant role in children's lives, as they spend a great deal of time with them and are hence essential to protecting and identifying those in danger or at risk. The objective of this study is to identify school professional's awareness of child maltreatment and the existing national policies and procedures to examine the extent of efforts made in Saudi Arabia and to activate the roles of schools and school professionals in protecting children from violence and implementation of Article 19 of the CRC. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, where school professionals from randomly selected schools throughout the country were invited to participate in a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,777 school professionals participated in the study. Fifty-five percent of professionals had at least 10 years of work experience. A low-level of awareness of child maltreatment was found in about 1/3 of school professionals. Only 1.9% of school professionals had ever attended any sort of specific training on child maltreatment, though 69.3% of those who had not, were willing to attend future training. With regards to awareness of CRC Article 19 or policies and procedures addressing child maltreatment, only 22% reported being aware of it. Conclusion: The majority of school professionals in Saudi Arabia have a low-intermediate level of awareness of child maltreatment, ratification of CRC, and related national policies and procedures, yet most are willing to attend training programs on this subject matter. Efforts need to be made in the country to fill this gap. (Contains 3 tables.)

Published
2011
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16. Adolescents in Saudi Arabia

Author

AlBuhairan, Fadia S., de Vries, Nanne, Magzoub, Mohieldin, RS: CAPHRI - R6 - Promoting Health & Personalised Care, and Health promotion

Published
2022

18. World Health Organization and knowledge translation in maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition.

Author

Duke, Trevor, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Agarwal, Koki, Arora, Narendra K., Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Binka, Fred, Castro, Arachu, Claeson, Mariam, Blami Dao, Darmstadt, Gary L., English, Mike, Jardali, Fadi, Merson, Michael, Ferrand, Rashida A., Golden, Alma, Golden, Michael H., Homer, Caroline, Jehan, Fyezah, and Kabiru, Caroline W.

Published
2022
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21. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author

Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bilano, Ver, Bixby, Honor, Zhou, Bin, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Taddei, Cristina, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Lu, Yuan, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J., Paciorek, Christopher J., Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hayes, Alison J, Katz, Joanne, Kelishadi, Roya, Kengne, André Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, Ma, Jun, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Padez, Cristina, Rampal, Lekhraj, Zhu, Aubrianna, Bennett, James E., Danaei, Goodarz, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Acuin, Cecilia, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred, Andrade, Dolores S, Ängquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger Kristine, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assunção, Maria Cecília, Aung, May Soe, Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J.D., Barros, Mauro V.G., Bata, Iqbal, Biehl, Anna Månsson, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark, Ekelund, Ulf, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Htet, Aung Soe, Janszky, Imre, Kolle, Elin, Krokstad, Steinar, Laugsand, Lars Erik, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan, Meyer, Haakon E, Sen, Abhijit, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Vatten, Lars Johan, and Wilsgaard, Tom

Subjects
VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750
Abstract

Source at: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 Background: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5–19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5–19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (–0·01 kg/m² per decade; 95% credible interval –0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m² per decade (0·69–1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m² per decade (0·64–1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m² per decade (–0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m² per decade (0·50–1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4–1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8–6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5–1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7–9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0–12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8–10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4–19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3–14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7–29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5–38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44–117) million girls and 117 (70–178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24–89) million girls and 74 (39–125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation: The rising trends in children’s and adolescents’ BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.

Published
2017

22. The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013

Author

Charara, Raghid, Forouzanfar, Mohammad, Naghavi, Mohsen, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Afshin, Ashkan, Vos, Theo, Daoud, Farah, Wang, Haidong, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Khalil, Ibrahim, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Al-Hamad, Nawal, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Rafay, Anwar, Asghar, Rana, Rana, Saleem M., Shaheen, Amira, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Al Rayess, Zulfa A., AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Hsairi, Mohamed, Alomari, Mahmoud A., Ali, Raghib, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Hamidi, Samer, Refaat, Amany H., Westerman, Ronny, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Akanda, Ali S., Ali, Syed Danish, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Faghmous, Imad A. D., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fischer, Florian, Jonas, Jost B., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Mehari, Alem, Omer, Saad B., Pourmalek, Farshad, Uthman, Olalekan A., Mokdad, Ali A., Maalouf, Fadi T., Abd-Allah, Foad, Akseer, Nadia, Arya, Dinesh, Borschmann, Rohan, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brugha, Traolach S., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Degenhardt, Louisa, Ferrari, Alize, Haro, Josep Maria, Horino, Masako, Hornberger, John C., Huang, Hsiang, Kieling, Christian Costa, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yunjin, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Mitchell, Philip B., Patton, George, Sagar, Rajesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savuon, Kim, Seedat, Soraya, Shiue, Ivy, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Stein, Dan J., Tabb, Karen M., Whiteford, Harvey A., Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Murray, Christopher J. L., and Mokdad, Ali H.

Subjects
Depressão, Transtornos mentais
Abstract

The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost±YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability±YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/ 100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25±49 age group, with a peak in the 35±39 years age group (5344 DALYs/100,000). The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region.

Published
2017

23. Advancing adolescent health and health services in Saudi Arabia: exploring health-care providers’ training, interest, and perceptions of the health-care needs of young people

Author

AlBuhairan, Fadia S and Olsson, Tina M

Subjects
education, young population, medical education, knowledge transfer, Original Research
Abstract

Background Adolescent health is regarded as central to global health goals. Investments made in adolescent health and health services protect the improvements witnessed in child health. Though Saudi Arabia has a large adolescent population, adolescent health-care only began to emerge in recent years, yet widespread uptake has been very limited. Health-care providers are key in addressing and providing the necessary health-care services for adolescents, and so this study was conducted with the aim of identifying opportunities for the advancement of knowledge transfer for adolescent health services in Saudi Arabia. Methods This Web-based, cross-sectional study was carried out at four hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Physicians and nurses were invited to participate in an online survey addressing their contact with adolescent patients, and training, knowledge, and attitudes towards adolescent health-care. Results A total of 232 professionals participated. The majority (82.3%) reported sometimes or always coming into contact with adolescent patients. Less than half (44%), however, had received any sort of training on adolescent health during their undergraduate or postgraduate education, and only 53.9% reported having adequate knowledge about the health-care needs of adolescents. Nurses perceived themselves as having more knowledge in the health-care needs of adolescents and reported feeling more comfortable in communicating with adolescents as compared with physicians. The majority of participants were interested in gaining further skills and knowledge in adolescent health-care and agreed or strongly agreed that adolescents have specific health-care needs that are different than children or adults (82.3% and 84.0%, respectively). With respect to health services, the majority (85.8%) believed that adolescents should be hospitalized in adolescent-specific wards. Only 26.7% of health-care providers believed that patients should be transferred from child to adult health-care services at 12–13 years of age, as is currently practiced in the country. Conclusion A gap exists between the training, knowledge and skills of health-care providers, and the needs to address health-care issues of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. This coupled with the fact that health-care providers are interested in gaining more knowledge and skills and are supportive of changes in the health-care system provides an opportunity for building local capacity and instituting medical and nursing education and health-care reform that can better serve the needs of the country’s young population.

Published
2014

24. Preventing and Treating Adolescent Obesity: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine: The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine

Author

Taylor, Sharonda Alston, Borzutzky, Claudia, Jasik, Carolyn Bradner, Mihalopoulos, Nicole L., Smith-Barron, Karimu, Woolford, Susan J., Garber, Andrea, McPherson, Marianne, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Kohn, Michael, Garland, Beth H., and Dixon, Alicia

Subjects
Pediatric Obesity, Adolescent, Adolescent Medicine, Adolescent Health Services, Body Weight, Adolescent Health, Humans, Patient Advocacy, Article, Societies, Medical
Published
2016

25. Global and national Burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013

Author

Kyu, Hmwe H., Pinho, Christine, Wagner, Joseph A., Brown, Jonathan C., Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Charlson, Fiona J., Coffeng, Luc Edgar, Dandona, Lalit, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D., Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Graetz, Nicholas, Guinovart, Caterina, Haagsma, Juanita, Higashi, Hideki, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Larson, Heidi J., Lim, Stephen S., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Odell, Shaun V., Roth, Gregory A., Serina, Peter T., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Misganaw, Awoke, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wolock, Timothy M., Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Amare, Azmeraw T., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Artaman, Al, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Benjet, Corina, Bensenor, Isabela M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Brazinova, Alexandra, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Cooper, Cyrus, Crump, John A., Dandona, Rakhi, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dellavalle, Robert P., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Feigin, Valery L., Fürst, Thomas, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Goto, Atsushi, Gunnell, David, Hankey, Graeme J., Hay, Roderick J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H. Dean, Hu, Guoqing, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jayaraman, Sudha P., Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jonas, Jost B., Karch, André, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Larsson, Anders, Leasher, Janet L., Leung, Ricky, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mashal, Taufiq, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Miller, Ted R., Mock, Charles N., Murray, Joseph, Nolte, Sandra, Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Ortblad, Katrina F., Park, Eun-Kee, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Piel, Frédéric B., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Quistberg, D. Alex, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H., Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S., Schwebel, David C., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaheen, Amira, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Stovner, Lars Jacob, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Wilkinson, James D., Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher J. L., and Vos, Theo

Subjects
L510 Health & Welfare
Abstract

Importance The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce. Objective To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged

Published
2016

26. Global And National Burden Of Diseases And Injuries Among Children And Adolescents Between 1990 And 2013 Findings From The Global Burden Of Disease 2013 Study

Author

Kyu, Hmwe H., Pinho, Christine, Wagner, Joseph A., Brown, Jonathan C., Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Charlson, Fiona J., Coffeng, Luc Edgar, Dandona, Lalit, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D., Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Graetz, Nicholas, Guinovart, Caterina, Haagsma, Juanita, Higashi, Hideki, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Larson, Heidi J., Lim, Stephen S., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Odell, Shaun V., Roth, Gregory A., Serina, Peter T., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Misganaw, Awoke, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wolock, Timothy M., Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Amare, Azmeraw T., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Artaman, Al, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Benjet, Corina, Bensenor, Isabela M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Brazinova, Alexandra, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Cooper, Cyrus, Crump, John A., Dandona, Rakhi, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dellavalle, Robert P., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Feigin, Valery L., Fuerst, Thomas, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Goto, Atsushi, Gunnell, David, Hankey, Graeme J., Hay, Roderick J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H. Dean, Hu, Guoqing, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jayaraman, Sudha P., Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jonas, Jost B., Karch, Andre, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kumar, G. Anil, Larsson, Anders, Leasher, Janet L., Leung, Ricky, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mashal, Taufiq, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Miller, Ted R., Mock, Charles N., Murray, Joseph, Nolte, Sandra, Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Ortblad, Katrina F., Park, Eun-Kee, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Piel, Frederic B., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Quistberg, D. Alex, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H., Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S., Schwebel, David C., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaheen, Amira, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Stovner, Lars Jacob, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Wilkinson, James D., Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher J. L., Vos, Theo, and Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları

Subjects
Pediatrics
Abstract

IMPORTANCE The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce. OBJECTIVE To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged < 5 years), older children (aged 5-9 years), and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) between 1990 and 2013 in 188 countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study. EVIDENCE REVIEW Data from vital registration, verbal autopsy studies, maternal and child death surveillance, and other sources covering 14 244 site-years (ie, years of cause of death data by geography) from 1980 through 2013 were used to estimate cause-specific mortality. Data from 35 620 epidemiological sources were used to estimate the prevalence of the diseases and sequelae in the GBD 2013 study. Cause-specific mortality for most causes was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Model strategy. For some infectious diseases (eg, HIV infection/AIDS, measles, hepatitis B) where the disease process is complex or the cause of death data were insufficient or unavailable, we used natural history models. For most nonfatal health outcomes, DisMod-MR 2.0, a Bayesian metaregression tool, was used to meta-analyze the epidemiological data to generate prevalence estimates. FINDINGS Of the 7.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.4-8.1) million deaths among children and adolescents globally in 2013, 6.28 million occurred among younger children, 0.48 million among older children, and 0.97 million among adolescents. In 2013, the leading causes of death were lower respiratory tract infections among younger children (905 059 deaths; 95% UI, 810304-998 125), diarrheal diseases among older children (38 325 deaths; 95% UI, 30 365-47 678), and road injuries among adolescents (115 186 deaths; 95% UI, 105 185-124 870). Iron deficiency anemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among children and adolescents, affecting 619 (95% UI, 618-621) million in 2013. Large between-country variations exist in mortality from leading causes among children and adolescents. Countries with rapid declines in all-cause mortality between 1990 and 2013 also experienced large declines in most leading causes of death, whereas countries with the slowest declines had stagnant or increasing trends in the leading causes of death. In 2013, Nigeria had a 12% global share of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections and a 38% global share of deaths from malaria. India had 33% of the world's deaths from neonatal encephalopathy. Half of the world's diarrheal deaths among children and adolescents occurred in just 5 countries: India, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Understanding the levels and trends of the leading causes of death and disability among children and adolescents is critical to guide investment and inform policies. Monitoring these trends over time is also key to understanding where interventions are having an impact. Proven interventions exist to prevent or treat the leading causes of unnecessary death and disability among children and adolescents. The findings presented here show that these are underused and give guidance to policy makers in countries where more attention is needed.

Published
2016

27. Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study

Author

Global Burden of Disease Pediatrics Collaboration, Kyu, Hmwe H, Pinho, Christine, Wagner, Joseph A, Brown, Jonathan C, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Charlson, Fiona J, Coffeng, Luc Edgar, Dandona, Lalit, Erskine, Holly E, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Graetz, Nicholas, Guinovart, Caterina, Haagsma, Juanita, Higashi, Hideki, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Larson, Heidi J, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Odell, Shaun V, Roth, Gregory A, Serina, Peter T, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Misganaw, Awoke, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wolock, Timothy M, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Amare, Azmeraw T, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Artaman, Al, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barrero, Lope H, Benjet, Corina, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Brazinova, Alexandra, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Cooper, Cyrus, Crump, John A, Dandona, Rakhi, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dellavalle, Robert P, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Feigin, Valery L, Fürst, Thomas, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gibney, Katherine B, Goto, Atsushi, Gunnell, David, Hankey, Graeme J, Hay, Roderick J, Hornberger, John C, Hosgood, H Dean, Hu, Guoqing, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jonas, Jost B, Karch, André, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Larsson, Anders, Leasher, Janet L, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E, Lopez, Alan D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mashal, Taufiq, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Miller, Ted R, Mock, Charles N, Murray, Joseph, Nolte, Sandra, Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Ortblad, Katrina F, Park, Eun-Kee, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Piel, Frédéric B, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Quistberg, D Alex, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H, Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S, Schwebel, David C, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaheen, Amira, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wilkinson, James D, Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Wolfe, Charles DA, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher JL, and Vos, Theo

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged

Published
2016

28. The Burden of Mental Disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013

Author

Charara, Raghid, primary, Forouzanfar, Mohammad, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Daoud, Farah, additional, Wang, Haidong, additional, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, additional, Khalil, Ibrahim, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R., additional, Khosravi, Ardeshir, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, additional, Khader, Yousef, additional, Al-Hamad, Nawal, additional, Makhlouf Obermeyer, Carla, additional, Rafay, Anwar, additional, Asghar, Rana, additional, Rana, Saleem M., additional, Shaheen, Amira, additional, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., additional, Husseini, Abdullatif, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., additional, Khoja, Tawfik, additional, Al Rayess, Zulfa A., additional, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Alomari, Mahmoud A., additional, Ali, Raghib, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Refaat, Amany H., additional, Westerman, Ronny, additional, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, additional, Akanda, Ali S., additional, Ali, Syed Danish, additional, Bacha, Umar, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, additional, Faghmous, Imad A. D., additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Jonas, Jost B., additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Mehari, Alem, additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Uthman, Olalekan A., additional, Mokdad, Ali A., additional, Maalouf, Fadi T., additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Akseer, Nadia, additional, Arya, Dinesh, additional, Borschmann, Rohan, additional, Brazinova, Alexandra, additional, Brugha, Traolach S., additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Ferrari, Alize, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Horino, Masako, additional, Hornberger, John C., additional, Huang, Hsiang, additional, Kieling, Christian, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kim, Yunjin, additional, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, additional, Mitchell, Philip B., additional, Patton, George, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Satpathy, Maheswar, additional, Savuon, Kim, additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Shiue, Ivy, additional, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Tabb, Karen M., additional, Whiteford, Harvey A., additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Murray, Christopher J. L., additional, and Mokdad, Ali H., additional

Published
2017
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29. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author

Chang, Jung-Chen, Bennett, Derrick A, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Cabral, Norberto, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Fleming, Tom, Banerjee, Amitava, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Courville, Karen J, Margono, Christopher, Ali, Mohammed K, Achoki, Tom, Ammar, Walid, Mullany, Erin C, Blore, Jed, Nonato, Ismael Campos, Biryukov, Stan, Robinson, Margaret, Alemu, Zewdie A, Anwari, Palwasha, Thomson, Blake, Alfonso, Rafael, Graetz, Nicholas, Ali, Raghib, Ng, Marie, Basu, Sanjay, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Guzman, Nelson Alvis, Abraham, Jerry P, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, and Barquera, Simon

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013. METHODS: We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19,244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS: Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3-30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. INTERPRETATION: Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2014
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32. Advancing adolescent health and health services in Saudi Arabia: exploring health-care providers' training, interest, and perceptions of the healthcare needs of young people.

Author

AlBuhairan, Fadia S. and Olsson, Tina M.

Subjects
HEALTH behavior in adolescence, MEDICAL care for teenagers, KNOWLEDGE transfer, PHYSICIAN-patient relations
Abstract

Background: Adolescent health is regarded as central to global health goals. Investments made in adolescent health and health services protect the improvements witnessed in child health. Though Saudi Arabia has a large adolescent population, adolescent health-care only began to emerge in recent years, yet widespread uptake has been very limited. Health-care providers are key in addressing and providing the necessary health-care services for adolescents, and so this study was conducted with the aim of identifying opportunities for the advancement of knowledge transfer for adolescent health services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This Web-based, cross-sectional study was carried out at four hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Physicians and nurses were invited to participate in an online survey addressing their contact with adolescent patients, and training, knowledge, and attitudes towards adolescent health-care. Results: A total of 232 professionals participated. The majority (82.3%) reported sometimes or always coming into contact with adolescent patients. Less than half (44%), however, had received any sort of training on adolescent health during their undergraduate or postgraduate education, and only 53.9% reported having adequate knowledge about the health-care needs of adolescents. Nurses perceived themselves as having more knowledge in the health-care needs of adolescents and reported feeling more comfortable in communicating with adolescents as compared with physicians. The majority of participants were interested in gaining further skills and knowledge in adolescent health-care and agreed or strongly agreed that adolescents have specific health-care needs that are different than children or adults (82.3% and 84.0%, respectively). With respect to health services, the majority (85.8%) believed that adolescents should be hospitalized in adolescent-specific wards. Only 26.7% of health-care providers believed that patients should be transferred from child to adult health-care services at 12-13 years of age, as is currently practiced in the country. Conclusion: A gap exists between the training, knowledge and skills of health-care providers, and the needs to address health-care issues of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. This coupled with the fact that health-care providers are interested in gaining more knowledge and skills and are supportive of changes in the health-care system provides an opportunity for building local capacity and instituting medical and nursing education and health-care reform that can better serve the needs of the country's young population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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33. Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study.

Author

Kyu HH, Pinho C, Wagner JA, Brown JC, Bertozzi-Villa A, Charlson FJ, Coffeng LE, Dandona L, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming TD, Forouzanfar MH, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Higashi H, Kassebaum NJ, Larson HJ, Lim SS, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Odell SV, Roth GA, Serina PT, Stanaway JD, Misganaw A, Whiteford HA, Wolock TM, Wulf Hanson S, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abu-Raddad LJ, AlBuhairan FS, Amare AT, Antonio CA, Artaman A, Barker-Collo SL, Barrero LH, Benjet C, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Brazinova A, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Chowdhury R, Cooper C, Crump JA, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle RP, Dharmaratne SD, Faraon EJ, Feigin VL, Fürst T, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gibney KB, Goto A, Gunnell D, Hankey GJ, Hay RJ, Hornberger JC, Hosgood HD, Hu G, Jacobsen KH, Jayaraman SP, Jeemon P, Jonas JB, Karch A, Kim D, Kim S, Kokubo Y, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Larsson A, Leasher JL, Leung R, Li Y, Lipshultz SE, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mashal T, Mason-Jones AJ, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mock CN, Murray J, Nolte S, Oh IH, Olusanya BO, Ortblad KF, Park EK, Paternina Caicedo AJ, Patten SB, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Perico N, Piel FB, Polinder S, Popova S, Pourmalek F, Quistberg DA, Remuzzi G, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Rothenbacher D, Rothstein DH, Sanabria J, Santos IS, Schwebel DC, Sepanlou SG, Shaheen A, Shiri R, Shiue I, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy CT, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Terkawi AS, Thomson AJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Towbin JA, Ukwaja KN, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Wilkinson JD, Woldeyohannes SM, Wolfe CD, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, El Sayed Zaki M, Naghavi M, Murray CJ, and Vos T

Subjects
Adolescent, Adolescent Health statistics & numerical data, Bayes Theorem, Child, Child Health statistics & numerical data, Child Mortality trends, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Public Health Surveillance, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Adolescent Health trends, Child Health trends, Cost of Illness, Developed Countries statistics & numerical data, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Global Health trends, Wounds and Injuries epidemiology
Abstract

Importance: The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce., Objective: To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged <5 years), older children (aged 5-9 years), and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) between 1990 and 2013 in 188 countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study., Evidence Review: Data from vital registration, verbal autopsy studies, maternal and child death surveillance, and other sources covering 14,244 site-years (ie, years of cause of death data by geography) from 1980 through 2013 were used to estimate cause-specific mortality. Data from 35,620 epidemiological sources were used to estimate the prevalence of the diseases and sequelae in the GBD 2013 study. Cause-specific mortality for most causes was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Model strategy. For some infectious diseases (eg, HIV infection/AIDS, measles, hepatitis B) where the disease process is complex or the cause of death data were insufficient or unavailable, we used natural history models. For most nonfatal health outcomes, DisMod-MR 2.0, a Bayesian metaregression tool, was used to meta-analyze the epidemiological data to generate prevalence estimates., Findings: Of the 7.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.4-8.1) million deaths among children and adolescents globally in 2013, 6.28 million occurred among younger children, 0.48 million among older children, and 0.97 million among adolescents. In 2013, the leading causes of death were lower respiratory tract infections among younger children (905.059 deaths; 95% UI, 810,304-998,125), diarrheal diseases among older children (38,325 deaths; 95% UI, 30,365-47,678), and road injuries among adolescents (115,186 deaths; 95% UI, 105,185-124,870). Iron deficiency anemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among children and adolescents, affecting 619 (95% UI, 618-621) million in 2013. Large between-country variations exist in mortality from leading causes among children and adolescents. Countries with rapid declines in all-cause mortality between 1990 and 2013 also experienced large declines in most leading causes of death, whereas countries with the slowest declines had stagnant or increasing trends in the leading causes of death. In 2013, Nigeria had a 12% global share of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections and a 38% global share of deaths from malaria. India had 33% of the world's deaths from neonatal encephalopathy. Half of the world's diarrheal deaths among children and adolescents occurred in just 5 countries: India, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Ethiopia., Conclusions and Relevance: Understanding the levels and trends of the leading causes of death and disability among children and adolescents is critical to guide investment and inform policies. Monitoring these trends over time is also key to understanding where interventions are having an impact. Proven interventions exist to prevent or treat the leading causes of unnecessary death and disability among children and adolescents. The findings presented here show that these are underused and give guidance to policy makers in countries where more attention is needed., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr. Kassebaum reports personal fees and non-financial support from Vifor Pharmaceuticals, Axon Communications LLC and Merck & Co outside the submitted work. KPG was awarded the NHMRC-Gustav Nossal Postgraduate Award sponsored by CSL; this award is peer reviewed and CSL had no part in selecting the awardee. Prof. Lotufo reports honoraria (modest) from Abbvie for one lecture. Walter Mendoza is program analyst at the UNFPA country office in Peru, which not necessarily endorses the study. Prof. Santos reports receiving a grant from São Paulo Research Foundation/FAPESP (Brazilian governmental research agency) for research purposes. In the past 3 years, Dr. Stein has received research grants and/or consultancy honoraria from AMBRF, Biocodex, Cipla, Lundbeck, National Responsible Gambling Foundation, Novartis, Servier, and Sun. No other conflicts are reported.

Published
2016
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