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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare tissue-engineered bone using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conventional bone grafts in terms of histomorphometric outcome, bone gained, and implant failure in the atrophic maxilla. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. An electronic search of several databases was performed. RCTs comparing tissueengineered bone using MSCs to bone graft alone in rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla were included. The outcome variables were a mean percentage of new bone formation, residual graft particles, and connective tissue. Bone gained and implant failure rate were also assessed. Risk ratio (RR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 190 augmented sites enrolled in 12 RCTs were included in this study. Nine of the 12 RCTs included 153 maxillary sinuses that underwent sinus elevation, and three RCTs included 28 patients with onlay bone grafting. There was no significant increase in new bone formation between the two groups at 3 to 4 months (SMD = -0.232%, CI: -0.659 to 0.195, low-quality evidence). However, at 6 months postgrafting, a statistically significant increase in new bone formation was found in favor of the tissue-engineered bone using the MSC group (SMD = 0.869%, CI: -1.98 to 9.310, moderate-quality evidence). No substantial difference was found between the two groups with respect to residual graft particles, connective tissue, bone gained, and implant failure rate (RR = 2.8, CI: 0.517 to 16.6, P = .226, very low- quality evidence). Conclusion: There is moderate- to very low-quality evidence supporting the use of tissueengineered bone using MSC therapy in maxillary alveolar bone regeneration compared with conventional bone grafting without MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease has been treated with a variety way such as antibiotics. However, antibiotics have unfavourable side effects, such as increasing bacterial resistance as a result of improper systemic use. Herbal ingredients are known to have enormous potential and pharmacological activities and have anti inflammation effect. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) contains active components and bioactive substance that have antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. This study examine the a-mangostin substance from Garcinia mangostana L as a candidate for chronic periodontitis therapy in silico. Chemical compounds consisted a-Mangostin substance beside target proteins consisted of receptor activator nuclear kappa beta (RANK) and ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, tartate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteonectin, and Osteocalcin were obtained from the database, ligand samples were selected through absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology analysis (ADMET) then molecular docking simulations, identification of protein-ligand interactions, and 3-dimention (3D) visualization were performed. α-Mangostin binding into the RANK-RANKL protein domain, it can potentially affect inhibitory activity because it has the most negative binding energy (-7.2 kcal/mol) resulting in higher affinity than other proteins. It can be predicted through molecular docking that a-Mangostin as one of the active compounds in Garcinia mangostana L. are the potential agents for periodontitis therapy in silico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the incidence of postoperative complications and investigate the impact of preselected factors on functional and quality of life outcomes following the Sommerlad–Furlow modified palatoplasty technique. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Methods: A total of 429 patients with cleft palate, who received Sommerlad–Furlow modified technique between 2011–2017 were enrolled. The postoperative complications including oronasal fistula (ONF), velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), and inadequate quality of life (QOL) were collected. Data of preselected factors including gender, age at palatoplasty, cleft type, cleft width, palatal width, pharyngeal cavity depth, and operation duration were also collected. Results: Among 429 patients, 40.1% were males whereas 59.9% were females. The mean age at palatoplasty was 1.23 ± 0.69 (0.42–4) years, and the average cleft width was 10.15 ± 2.95 (4–27) mm. The cleft types had recorded rates of about 6.8%, 69.5%, 17.7%, and 6.1% of Veau I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The overall incidence rates of ONF, VPI, and inadequate QOL were 2.3%, 19.4%, and 31.3%, respectively. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, the cleft type was significantly implicated in ONF formation (p = 0.023 and 0.032, respectively) whereas the velopharyngeal function was impacted by the palatoplasty age (p ˂ 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that age of palatoplasty ≥1.3 years (area under the curve = 0.611, p = 0.002) was the cutoff value for predicting the incidence of VPI. Conclusions: The Sommerlad–Furlow modified technique appears to have appropriate postoperative outcomes, even in the wide cleft palate. The older age at palatoplasty has a major impact on the overall postoperative outcomes. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 133:822–829, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomaterials for use in guided bone regeneration (GBR) are constantly being investigated and developed to improve clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the biological performance of different membranes during the bone healing process of 8 mm critical defects in rat calvaria in order to assess their influence on the quality of the newly formed bone. Seventy-two adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24) based on the membranes used: the CG—membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control), BG—porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Guide®, positive control), and the PCL—polycaprolactone (enriched with 5% hydroxyapatite) membrane group (experimental group). Histological and histometric analyses were performed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The quantitative data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, the inflammatory responses in the BG and PCL groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The PCL group, at 15 days, showed a large area of newly formed bone. At 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the PCL and BG groups exhibited similar bone healing, including some specimens showing complete closure of the critical defect (p = 0.799). Thus, the PCL membrane was biocompatible, and has the potential to help with GBR procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]