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47 results on '"Al-Rowaily, Saud L."'

16. Comparative Chemical Profiles and Phytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Two Ecospecies of Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey

Author

Abd-ELGawad, Ahmed M., primary, Al-Rowaily, Saud L., additional, Assaeed, Abdulaziz M., additional, EI-Amier, Yasser A., additional, El Gendy, Abd El-Nasser G., additional, Omer, Elsayed, additional, Al-Dosari, Dakhil H., additional, Bonanomi, Giuliano, additional, Kassem, Hazem S., additional, and Elshamy, Abdelsamed I., additional

Published
2021
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18. Mixtures of organic amendments and biochar promote beneficial soil microbiota and affect Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia minor disease suppression.

Author

Bonanomi, Giuliano, Zotti, Maurizio, Idbella, Mohamed, Cesarano, Gaspare, Al‐Rowaily, Saud L., and Abd‐ElGawad, Ahmed M.

Subjects
FUSARIUM oxysporum, RHIZOCTONIA solani, SOIL amendments, SYNTHETIC fertilizers, BIOCHAR, SOILS, FEEDLOTS
Abstract

The use of soil fumigants and fungicides to control soilborne pathogens is reduced due to awareness of their negative drawbacks. Long‐term application of such agrochemicals negatively affects soil microbiota and reduces natural soil suppressiveness. We investigated long‐term impacts of biochar and not‐pyrogenic organic amendment (OAs: manure, alfalfa straw and glucose), on disease suppression compared with conventional management in three pathosystems: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOL)–lettuce, Rhizoctonia solani–tomato and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum–lettuce, by conditioning soil for 2 years. Soil analyses included pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, N‐NO3−, N‐NH4+, cation exchange capacity, available phosphorus, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), and total and active limestone. Soil microbiota was characterized by combining BIOLOG EcoPlates with next‐generation sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Soil amended with OAs generally suppressed disease by S. sclerotiorum and FOL compared to fumigants and synthetic fertilizers. However, the incidence of R. solani infection was lower in soil treated with synthetic fertilizers than soil amended with OAs. EC, pH, C:N, N‐NO3−, N‐NH4+, FDA and BIOLOG were significantly correlated with disease, depending on pathosystem. Bacterial richness and diversity, presence of some genera like Acidobacteria, Chloracidobacteria, Solibacteres, Anaerolineae, Nitrospira and Deltaproteobacteria were negatively related to disease incidence of FOL and S. sclerotiorum, whereas damping‐off caused by R. solani was negatively affected by the presence of Flavobacterium and Chitinofagha. Therefore, we concluded that long‐term application of OAs can effectively improve soil suppressiveness and reduce disease incidence against root pathogens, although the effects vary considerably depending upon pathosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Assessment of morphological and molecular variability of some Solanum melongenaL. cultivars and wild Solanum incanumL. in Saudi Arabia

Author

AL-Rowaily, Saud L., Alghamdi, Abdullah O., Alghamdi, Salem S., Assaeed, Abdulaziz M., Hegazy, Ahmad, Afzal, Muhammad, and Migdadi, Hussein M.

Abstract

The genus Solanumexhibits a wide range of variability in morphology, flavor, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Phenotypic and genetic variability using ISSR and RAPD markers of Solanum incanumdistributed in Al-Baha province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is assessed. Thirty samples are representing three different locations: Baljershy, Aqeeq, and Tohama, besides twenty-five samples representing five different commercial cultivars tested. Growth type, the number of leaves per plant, fruit size (phenotypic traits), crude protein, carbohydrates, digestive organic matter, and Mg, Ca, P were the principal contributors in the PCA. Molecular analysis showed that 114 ISSR and 80 RAPD alleles with a 100% polymorphism were recorded. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.84 to 0.91 for ISSR and from 0.59 to 0.89 for RAPD data. Similarity values ranged from 0.16 to 1.00, with an average of 0.47 for ISSR and from 0.01 to 0.97, with an average of 0.36 for RAPD. It resulted in a positive and significant correlation between morphological, molecular, nutritional, and chemical analysis of fruits using Mantel analysis. UPGMA and PCA for morphological traits and molecular data discriminated commercial cultivars and wild relatives. Solanum incanumwas more diverse than commercial varieties. This study revealed a wide genetic diversity among and within collected eggplant accessions and may use in breeding programs of eggplants. There is a need to increase the present eggplant collection to widen the genetic diversity of cultivated eggplant varieties in Saudi Arabia.

Published
2021
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42. Ecological assessment of populations of Juniperus phoenicea L. in the Al-Akhdar mountainous landscape of Libya.

Author

Kabiel, Hanan F., Hegazy, Ahmad K., Lovett-Doust, Lesley, Al-Rowaily, Saud L., and Al Borki, Abd El-Nasser S.

Subjects
PHOENICIAN juniper, MOUNTAIN ecology, LANDSCAPES, FORESTS & forestry
Abstract

The Phoenician juniper (Juniperus phoeniceaL.) has long been common in the Al-Akhdar mountain range in NE Libya. Juniper trees in the region are showing signs of dieback, and minimal successful seedling recruitment has occurred. We investigate this effect at the level of individual trees, tree size classes, and populations. At ten sites, population size, growth and reproductive traits, and percentage dieback in different size classes were evaluated. Elevation, distance from the sea, and the interaction between these factors had a significant effect on tree volume, and number of branches, number of female cones per branch and number of female cones per tree. Two groups of populations were recognized: the first (Sites 2, 3, and 4) were near the coast. They appeared to be more recently established, with no individuals in the largest size class, and, at this point, less severe dieback. In contrast, in the rest of the sites there were no individuals (Sites 1, 5, 6, and 9) or very few individuals (Sites 7, 8, and 10) in the smallest size class, indicating widespread failure of recruitment in recent years. Mature female cones containing seeds were abundant at these sites (except for Site 8); therefore, this was not attributable to failure of sexual reproduction, but rather was associated with higher levels of intra- and inter-specific competition, combined with more variable rainfall in recent years. Smaller trees are particularly susceptible to dieback throughout the region. Conservation initiatives should include restrictions on clearing these natural forests for conversion to agriculture and, where harvesting is necessary, preferential harvesting of larger individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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44. Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses.

Author

Abd-ElGawad, Ahmed M., El Gendy, Abd El-Nasser G., Assaeed, Abdulaziz M., Al-Rowaily, Saud L., Alharthi, Abdullah S., Mohamed, Tarik A., Nassar, Mahmoud I., Dewir, Yaser H., and Elshamy, Abdelsamed I.

Subjects
ESSENTIAL oils, VEGETABLE oils, PHYTOTOXICITY, STRUCTURE-activity relationships, CARVACROL, TERPENES, PINENE, MONOTERPENES
Abstract

Herbicides are natural or synthetic chemicals used to control unwanted plants (weeds). To avoid the harmful effects of synthetic herbicides, considerable effort has been devoted to finding alternative products derived from natural sources. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants are auspicious source of bioherbicides. This review discusses phytotoxic EOs and their chemical compositions as reported from 1972 to 2020. Using chemometric analysis, we attempt to build a structure-activity relationship between phytotoxicity and EO chemical composition. Data analysis reveals that oxygenated terpenes, and mono- and sesquiterpenes, in particular, play principal roles in the phytotoxicity of EOs. Pinene, 1,8 cineole, linalool, and carvacrol are the most effective monoterpenes, with significant phytotoxicity evident in the EOs of many plants. Caryophyllene and its derivatives, including germacrene, spathulenol, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, are the most effective sesquiterpenes. EOs rich in iridoids (non-terpene compounds) also exhibit allelopathic activity. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of these compounds in pure forms, determine their activity in the field, evaluate their safety, and assess their modes of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Genetic Diversity and Field Performance of Mung Bean, Faba Bean and Lentil Genotypes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Author

Alghamdi, Salem S., Al-Faifi, Sulieman A., Migdadi, Hussein M., Al-Rowaily, Saud L., El-Harty, Ehab H., and Farooq, Muhammad

Subjects
*MUNG bean, *FAVA bean, *LENTILS, *GENOTYPES, *LEGUMES, *ALLELES in plants, *GENETIC polymorphisms
Abstract

Grain legumes are grown for their high proteins and biological nitrogen fixation ability. In this study, 3 mung bean, 4 lentil and 20 faba bean genotypes from the Kingdom of the Saudi Arabia were evaluated for genetic diversity. There were significant differences in the morphological and molecular characteristics in the tested mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes. The sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and amplified fragments length polymorphism (AFLP) markers exhibited a considerable genetic diversity among the tested genotypes of all three legume crops. The genotypes differed for plant height, primary branches, pod length, pods per plant, grain per pod and 100-grain weight. All the tested genotypes of mung bean, lentil and faba bean differed in the number of alleles. Maximum number of alleles per primer combination was 112 in mung bean, 72 in lentil and 126 in faba bean. Polymorphism percentage of all the tested genotypes of the mung bean and lentil was 100% and in faba bean, it ranged from 97 to 100%. Existence of genetic diversity of these tested mung bean, lentil and faba bean genotypes offers opportunities to exploit favourable alleles for use in the breeding program aimed at yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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47. Comparative Chemical Profiles and Phytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Two Ecospecies of Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey

Author

Giuliano Bonanomi, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Elsayed A. Omer, Yasser A Ei-Amier, Dakhil H. Al-Dosari, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Hazem S. Kassem, Abd-ELGawad, Ahmed M, Al-Rowaily, Saud L, Assaeed, Abdulaziz M, Ei-Amier, Yasser A, El Gendy, Abd El-Nasser G, Omer, Elsayed, Al-Dosari, Dakhil H, Bonanomi, Giuliano, Kassem, Hazem S, and Elshamy, Abdelsamed I

Subjects
Ecology, Chemotype, biology, Botany, Pulicaria crispa, Plant Science, Asteraceae, biology.organism_classification, law.invention, law, QK1-989, allelopathy, Bidens pilosa, chemometric analysis, chemometric analysi, Dactyloctenium, Composition (visual arts), Pulicaria undulata, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Allelopathy, Essential oil, chemotype
Abstract

The Asteraceae (Compositae) family is one of the largest angiosperm families that has a large number of aromatic species. Pulicaria undulata is a well-known medicinal plant that is used in the treatment of various diseases due to its essential oil (EO). The EO of both Saudi and Egyptian ecospecies were extracted via hydrodistillation, and the chemical compounds were identified by GC–MS analysis. The composition of the EOs of Saudi and Egyptian ecospecies, as well as other reported ecospecies, were chemometrically analyzed. Additionally, the phytotoxic activity of the extracted EOs was tested against the weeds Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Bidens pilosa. In total, 80 compounds were identified from both ecospecies, of which 61 were Saudi ecospecies, with a preponderance of β-pinene, isoshyobunone, 6-epi-shyobunol, α-pinene, and α-terpinolene. However, the Egyptian ecospecies attained a lower number (34 compounds), with spathulenol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, α-bisabolol, and τ--cadinol as the main compounds. The chemometric analysis revealed that the studied ecospecies and other reported species were different in their composition. This variation could be attributed to the difference in the environmental and climatic conditions. The EO of the Egyptian ecospecies showed more phytotoxic activity against D. aegyptium and B. pilosa than the Saudi ecospecies. This variation might be ascribed to the difference in their major constituents. Therefore, further study is recommended for the characterization of authentic materials of these compounds as allelochemicals against various weeds, either singular or in combination.

Published
2021
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