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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Single Cell Oil (SCO) produced from Bacillus subtilis bacteria on certain biochemical variables in the liver and kidneys of laboratory rats, as well as its impact on their tissues. Sixteen male laboratory rats were used and divided into four groups, with each group receiving doses every 48 hours for a period of 21 days. The results showed a significant increase in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Malondialdehyde (MDA), and a decrease in the concentration of Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) in the fourth group compared to the control group. The second group did not exhibit any significant changes in the levels of AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, or triglycerides. Conversely, the third group demonstrated a significant decrease in the levels of AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and MDA compared to the control group. Histological examination revealed no changes in the liver and kidneys of the second group compared to the control group. The third group showed a normal cellular pattern with the onset of minor histological changes, whereas the fourth group exhibited histological abnormalities in the liver, including thickening of the central vein wall with amyloid deposition (AM), bile duct hardening (BC), infiltration of lymphoid cells (LI), necrosis (N), and degeneration (D) in some cells. In the kidneys of the fourth group, severe histological changes were observed, characterized by the destruction of the glomeruli (DG), desquamation of some urinary tubules (DE), hemorrhage (H), infiltration of lymphocytes (LI), degeneration (D) in some tubule cells, and thickening of the vascular wall (TW).

The study was conducted in Al-Dalmaj marsh, considered one of the most important wetlands at the national and regional level and represents the most critical environment to form a good stock of Binni Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi in Iraq. The study assessed heavy metals in water and M. sharpeyi by detecting accumulation of (Nickel, Cadmium and Lead) in the tissues of gills, liver, and small intestines during the summer and winter seasons 2022-2023. The study results showed a high concentration of heavy metals in the water during summer compared to winter. Nickel levels ranged (0.19 ±0.627, 0.20 ±0.531) in water for both stations. The highest concentration was (1.339 mg/L) in suspended phase during summer, and ND in dissolved phase in winter, while Cadmium rates were (0.25±0.948, 0.17±0.478) in both stations respectively, the highest concentration was (1.827 mg/L) in suspended phase of station 1 during summer. Both stations ' lead rates were (0.39±1.455, 0.09±1.117). (3.176 mg/L) was the highest concentration in the suspended phase of station 1 during summer, while (0.121 mg/L) was the lowest in the suspended phase in winter. The results showed a sequence of concentrations of heavy metals in M. sharpeyi organs: Gills > Liver ≥ Small Intestines. The highest concentration rate of Nickel (4.109 & 3.692 mg/g) was recorded in small intestines and liver, respectively, during winter, the lowest rate (3.057 mg/g) was recorded in the gills during summer, the total of sedimentation rate of Ni in the liver and intestines was (3.726 mg/g), whereas (3.114 mg/g) in gills. Cadmium recorded an equal value of (0.957 mg/g) representing the highest percentage in the small intestines for both seasons. The highest concentrations (0.906 mg/g) in liver during summer. The total sedimentation rate of Cd in liver and small intestines was (0.852 mg/g), while (0.738 mg/g) was in gills. Lead recorded a high significant rate reaching to (8.501 mg/g) in gills during summer, followed by (6.115 mg/g) and (5.891 mg/g) in the liver and small intestines, respectively. Generally, lead reached the highest value for all elements assessed in fish at (8.501 mg/g) in the gills during summer, while (5.027 mg/g) was the highest rate in the liver during winter, and (3.709 mg/g) was the lowest rate in small intestines during winter. The total sedimentation rate of Pb in liver and small intestines was (5.185 mg/g), and (6.41 mg/g) was in the gills. Cadmium was recorded above the permissible (0.05 mg/g) limit by FAO [25] in the small intestine and liver, whereas lead exceeded the allowable limits (5 mg/g) by FAO/WHO [26]. Accordingly, the intake of these organs is unsafe for humans, and the registration of these high values poses a risk to the survival of this species as it can cause the death of fish in their environment under certain conditions.

Genetic modification of human leukemic cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 has become a staple of gene-function studies. Single-cell cloning of modified cells is frequently used to facilitate studies of gene function. Inherent in this approach is an assumption that the genetic drift, amplified in some cell lines by mutations in DNA replication and repair machinery, as well as non-genetic factors will not introduce significant levels of experimental cellular heterogeneity in clones derived from parental populations. In this study, we characterize the variation in cell death of fifty clonal cell lines generated from human Jurkat and MOLT-4 T-cells edited by CRISPR-Cas9. We demonstrate a wide distribution of sensitivity to chemotherapeutics between non-edited clonal human leukemia T-cell lines, and also following CRISPR-Cas9 editing at the NLRP1 locus, or following transfection with non-targeting sgRNA controls. The cell death sensitivity profile of clonal cell lines was consistent across experiments and failed to revert to the non-clonal parental phenotype. Whole genome sequencing of two clonal cell lines edited by CRISPR-Cas9 revealed unique and shared genetic variants, which had minimal read support in the non-clonal parental population and were not suspected CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects. These variants included genes related to cell death and drug metabolism. The variation in cell death phenotype of clonal populations of human T-cell lines may be a consequence of T-cell line genetic instability, and to a lesser extent clonal heterogeneity in the parental population or CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects not predicted by current models. This work highlights the importance of genetic variation between clonal T-cell lines in the design, conduct, and analysis of experiments to investigate gene function after single-cell cloning.

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى الخوف والقلق لدى ممارسات لعبة الكرة الطائرة في كلية التربية الرياضية/جامعة بغداد، وأيضاً التعرف على الحالات أو المواقف النفسية التي تحدث لدى الطالبات الممارسات للعبة الكرة الطائرة منتخب في كلية التربية الرياضية/جامعة بغداد، وقد تكونت عينة البحث من لاعبات منتخب كلية التربية الرياضية المشاركات في الدوري المقام على ملعب كلية التربية الرياضية/جامعة بغداد لموسم 2012 والمتمثلة بفريق منتخب الكلية وفريق تدريسيات الكلية والبالغ عددهم (20) لاعبة، وتم اختيارهم بالطريقة العمدية، وتم استبعاد (5) لاعبات لعدم الالتزام بالتدريب والمتبقي (15) لاعبة والمشاركة في البطولة. وقد استنتج الباحث أهم النتائج هي أن اغلب إفراد العينة والبالغ عددهن (7) طالبة وبنسبة 46.7 % انهن شعرن بعدم الثقة بأنفسهن قبل المباراة ولكن أثناء المباراة فان ثقتهن بأنفسهن تزداد تدريجياً، وكذلك استنتج الباحث أن (6) طالبة وبنسبة 40 % تحدث لديهن احياناً بسرعة الانفعال على عكس الطالبات البالغ عددهن (5) طالبة وبنسبة مئوية 33.3 % بأنهن يشعرن بسرعة الانفعال. وقد اوصى الباحث أهم التوصيات أهمها : بالإكثار من الاختبارات النفسية من قبل المختصين على لاعبي واللاعبات الكرة الطائرة لأهميته في المباريات، والإكثار من اللقاءات الودية والمنافسات والبطولات لغرض رفع الكفاءة النفسية لدى لاعبات الكرة الطائرة والتخلص من الخوف والقلق .

This experiment was conducted in the sheep farm of Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, during the period of 17/10/2021 to 9/1/2022. Sixteen local male lambs were chosen between 5-6 months of age and 35.31 ± 3.72 kg of average body weight. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of melatonin implants and nutritional restriction on some blood biochemical parameters of local male lambs. The experimental period lasted for 69 days, the experiment involved two phases, feed restriction phase (42 days), and realimentation phase (27 days). Lambs were randomly distributed into four equal groups with four lambs of each. During the restriction phase, first group (T1) was used as a control and feed ad libitum. The second group (T2) was feed ad libitum and treated with two implants of melatonin (36mg) subcutaneously at the base of the ear. The third group (T3) was feed restriction 75% of ad libitum intake. The fourth group (T4) was feed restriction 75% of ad libitum intake and treated with two implants of melatonin subcutaneously at the base of the ear. Blood samples were collected from all treated groups at day 0, 42 and 69 for the measurement the level of glucose, total protein, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma. The results restricted feeding, with or without melatonin, did not affect significantly on blood biochemical parameters, while it was observed that the restricted feeding with or without melatonin significantly reduced the level of malondialdehyde. It was concluded from this experiment that feeding local male lambs at a level of 75% of ad libitum with or without melatonin implants for 42 days followed by realimentation for 27 days improved oxidative status in male lambs.

Over fifty missense mutations in the gene coding for valosin-containing protein (VCP) are associated with a unique autosomal dominant adult-onset progressive disease associated with combinations of proximo-distal inclusion body myopathy (IBM), Paget's disease of bone (PDB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We report the clinical, histological, and molecular findings in four new patients/families carrying novel VCP mutations: c.474 G > A (p.M158I); c.478 G > C (p.A160P); c.383G > C (p.G128A); and c.382G > T (p.G128C). Clinical features included myopathy, PDB, ALS and Parkinson's disease though frontotemporal dementia was not an associated feature in these families. One of the patients was noted to have severe manifestations of PDB and was suspected of having neoplasia. There were wide inter- and intra-familial variations making genotype-phenotype correlations difficult between the novel mutations and frequency or age of onset of IBM, PDB, FTD, ALS and Parkinson's disease. Increasing awareness of the full spectrum of clinical presentations will improve diagnosis of VCP-related diseases and thus proactively manage or prevent associated clinical features such as PDB.

Silicon is considered as a promising anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high capacity at nanoscale. However, silicon expands up to 300% during lithiation, which induces high stresses and leads to fractures. To design silicon nanostructures that could minimize fracture, it is important to understand and characterize stress states in the silicon nanostructures during lithiation. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction has proven to be effective in revealing insights of mechanical stress and other mechanics considerations in small-scale crystalline structures used in many important technological applications, such as microelectronics, nanotechnology, and energy systems. In the present study, an in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanical stress states during the first electrochemical cycle of lithiation in single-crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in an LIB test cell. Morphological changes in the SiNWs at different levels of lithiation were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found from SEM observation that lithiation commenced predominantly at the top surface of SiNWs followed by further progression toward the bottom of the SiNWs gradually. The hydrostatic stress of the crystalline core of the SiNWs at different levels of electrochemical lithiation was determined using the in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction technique. We found that the crystalline core of the SiNWs became highly compressive (up to -325.5 MPa) once lithiation started. This finding helps unravel insights about mechanical stress states in the SiNWs during the electrochemical lithiation, which could potentially pave the path toward the fracture-free design of silicon nanostructure anode materials in the next-generation LIB.

The study area was chosen to the south of a Haditha lake. It is located between longitudes 41º 42 '02 "and 42º 27 03" E, and between longitude 34º 02 24 "and 34º 32 08" N, Western desert region at borders of Al-Anbar Governorate in the lower valley unit. It occupies an area of 186240 ha., Thermal units were isolated using the thermal image and 6 pedon were determined, which were accessed using a GARMIN GPS device, based on the Landsat8 satellite image captured on 7/25/2019, use the coefficient. The correlation and the simple linear regression equation between the temperature and each of the lime and gypsum in the soil for the surface horizon. The values for both lime and gypsum were projected using temperature, and the values of the image's pixels were converted into quantitative values for the content of lime and gypsum. The results showed that the study area included five thermal ranges, which included water bodies with an area of 50,300 hectares with a rate of 21.26%, whose temperature ranged from 26-43 degrees Celsius, and land areas with an area of 186,240 hectares, with a rate 78.74%, it was classified into four classes, as the first class occupied an area of 4618.75 hectares with a rate 2.48% of the study area, as it a temperature of 43-46 degrees Celsius, the second class, which had a temperature of 46-49 degrees Celsius, it occupied an area of 78909.89 hectares, equivalent to 42.37% of the study area. The third class had a temperature of 49-52 degrees Celsius and occupied an area of 39873.98 hectares, with a rate of 21.41% of the study area, and the fourth class, which recorded a temperature of 52-55 degrees Celsius, occupying an area of 62837.38 hectares, with 33.74% of the study area. The Spatial prediction values for lime and gypsum were 380 g/kg and 375 g/kg, respectively. The area of Spatial Completion calcareous soils with a content of more than 225 g/kg was about 68517.7 hectares, with 36.79%, while the area of gypsum soils with a content of more than 150 g/kg was about 78595.9 hectares, with 42.21% of the study area.

This study, conducted at the Department of Biology, University of Anbar, Iraq, focuses on addressing the escalating issue of contamination and aims to acquire microbial oils to alleviate the global shortage in plant and animal oil production, utilizing environmental waste as a carbon source to reduce global pollution and select efficient local bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis for the production of single-cell oil (SCO) using local soil and environmental waste as a carbon source. Four isolates were selected as the best in producing single-cell oil, with the isolate with code C4 standing out as it recorded the highest production. It is worth noting that all these isolates belong to the bacteria type Bacillus subtilis. Palm fronds were found to be the most suitable environmental residue for SCO production compared to other waste materials (wheat straw and wheat bran). Submerged cultures were used to improve SCO production, with optimal conditions determined as pH 7, a temperature of 30°C, carbon source concentration of 3 g/100 ml, inoculum volume of 3 ml/100 ml, inoculum density of 20 × 107 cells, and an incubation period of 72 hours. The Soxhlet extraction method was used to obtain the oil, which was found to contain high percentages of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (46.030%) and palmitoleic acid (16.579%). The oil was highly soluble in chloroform and ethanol but insoluble in water. The saponification test indicated the potential for soap production from the oil. This comprehensive research addresses the need for locally sourced and sustainable SCO production, offering insights into the selection of efficient bacterial isolates, the optimization of cultivation conditions, and the valuable properties of the resulting SCO. The significance of this study lies in the production of single-cell oil from soil-isolated Bacillus subtilis bacteria for use in food applications.

Mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP), an ATPase involved in protein degradation and autophagy, cause VCP disease, a progressive autosomal dominant adult onset multisystem proteinopathy. The goal of this study is to examine if phenotypic differences in this disorder could be explained by the specific gene mutations. We therefore studied 231 individuals (118 males and 113 females) from 36 families carrying 15 different VCP mutations. We analyzed the correlation between the different mutations and prevalence, age of onset and severity of myopathy, Paget's disease of bone (PDB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and other comorbidities. Myopathy, PDB and FTD was present in 90%, 42% and 30% of the patients, respectively, beginning at an average age of 43, 41, and 56 years, respectively. Approximately 9% of patients with VCP mutations had an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype, 4% had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 2% had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Large interfamilial and intrafamilial variation made establishing correlations difficult. We did not find a correlation between the mutation type and the incidence of any of the clinical features associated with VCP disease, except for the absence of PDB with the R159C mutation in our cohort and R159C having a later age of onset of myopathy compared with other molecular subtypes.

Background: Simple febrile seizures are a common condition among children aged 6 months to 5 years. Many studies have been conducted on the risk factors for recurrence, while few studies have investigated the risk factors for the first simple febrile seizure. Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors of the first simple febrile seizure among children in Mosul City, Iraq. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a pediatric teaching hospital from January to May 2020 and included 120 patients who were admitted to the hospital with a first attack of simple febrile seizure; 120 age-matched children with febrile illnesses, but without seizures, were considered as controls. The cases and controls were compared to identify risk factors. A questionnaire interview with each parent/guardian, as well as necessary investigations, was performed. Odds ratios and t-tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: Upper respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of fever in patients and controls. Nearly half of the patients were less than 2 years old. Significant associations were noted between young age, family history, bottle feeding, low hemoglobin levels, low birth weight, cesarean section, prenatal exposure to paternal smoking, and the first episode of simple febrile seizure. Conclusion: Young age, artificial formula feeding, low hemoglobin levels, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking, low birth weight, and cesarean section are likely risk factors for the first simple febrile seizure in Mosul City. To reduce the incidence of first simple febrile seizure, we recommend avoiding these possible risk factors.

Soil pollution adversely affects the safety and health of the human being. The main objective of the study is to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwestern Kirkuk. Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the content of heavy metals and assess the soil pollution by using the contamination factor, degree of contamination, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index and ecological risk index (RI). The results indicate that there is high pollution by lead, chromium and copper (78.8, 87.4 and 53.8 mg/kg) respectively, in industrial areas due to anthropogenic sources with the presence of significant ecological risk (Er) of the lead (116) in site S7, due to its high concentrations, while size fraction analysis indicated that all heavy metals are concentrated in the fine parts as a result of adsorption processes by clay minerals.

إن خاتمية النبوة والرسالة وانقطاعها بعد نبوة نبي الإسلام محمد () وإن شريعته خاتمة الشرائع ضرورة من ضرورات الإعتقاد الإسلامي التي لا يختلف فيها اثنان من المسلمين ، بل حتى غير المسلمين يعرفون أنها من الواضحات في الدين الإسلامي ، ولكن مع إزدياد وإطراد التطور المتسارع في مناحي الحياة المختلفة في العصر الحديث ظهرت الحاجة إلى الإجابة عن أسئلة تخطر في الأذهان بإلحاح ، من قبيل : مع هذا التغيّر الحضاري والتطور الهائل والحاصل على الأصعدة المختلفة أَلم تكن المجتمعات البشرية بحاجة ماسة للوحي الإلهي مجدداً ؟ يحاول هذا البحث تقديم رؤية جديدة في ختم النبوة ترتكز أساساً على رؤية مطهري بعد ذكر مقدمات مهمة لفهم الخاتمية ، وإضافة بيان يُفسر طبيعة النضج والتكامل للنوع البشري ، إذ لا يخفى أن التسليم بحصول التطور والمسيرة التكاملية للبشرية جمعاء لا يكفي وحده لتقديم فهم دقيق عن الحكمة في انقطاع النبوة وختمها ، بل لابدّ من معرفة طبيعة النضج الذي وصلت إليه البشرية ، وهذا صلب المسألة وقوامها ، ويمكننا القول إن عمدة هذه الرؤية التي حاول البحث تقديمها هو تفسير النضج والتكامل البشري بأنه تكامل في إدراك العقل العملي للنوع البشري والمتحقق في مصداقه الأكمل والأتمّ الرسول الأكرم ()

Simple Summary: The armamentarium of first-line systemic therapy for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been rapidly expanding over the past two decades. Currently, about 50% of patients with NSCLC do not need chemotherapy as first-line treatment. For these patients, molecularly targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy have significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival with favorable toxicity profiles. Patient demographics and clinical features are not sufficient for the selection of these treatments. An unmet need of precision oncology is to select the most appropriate therapeutic regimen with maximal efficacy and minimal unwanted toxicity for individual patients with NSCLC based on the assessment of their molecular and immune biomarkers at diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current data and propose a practical algorithm for implementing precision biomarker testing at diagnosis and selecting the most appropriate first-line systemic therapy for patients with unresectable, advanced, or metastatic NSCLC. First-line systemic therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has rapidly evolved over the past two decades. First, molecularly targeted therapy for a growing number of gain-of-function molecular targets has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with favorable toxicity profiles compared to platinum-containing chemotherapy and can be given as first-line systemic therapy in ~25% of patients with NSCLC. Actionable genetic alterations include EGFR, BRAF V600E, and MET exon 14 splicing site-sensitizing mutations, as well as ALK-, ROS1-, RET-, and NTRK-gene fusions. Secondly, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 or its ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) such as pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, or cemiplimab monotherapy have become a standard of care for ~25% of patients with NSCLC whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression (total proportion score (TPS) ≥50%) and no sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations. Lastly, for the remaining ~50% of patients who are fit and whose tumors have no or low PD-L1 expression (TPS of 0–49%) and no sensitizing EGFR/ALK aberrations, platinum-containing chemotherapy with the addition of a PD-1/L1 inhibitor alone or in combination of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor improves PFS and OS compared to chemotherapy alone. The objectives of this review are to summarize the current data and perspectives on first-line systemic treatment in patients with unresectable NSCLC and propose a practical algorithm for implementing precision biomarker testing at diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction The information content of multiparametric flow cytometry experiments is routinely underexploited given the paucity of adequate tools for unbiased comprehensive data analysis that can be applied successfully and independently by immunologists without computational training. Methods We aimed to develop a tool that allows straightforward access to the entire information content of any given flow cytometry panel for immunologists without special computational expertise. We used a data analysis approach which accounts for all mathematically possible combinations of markers in a given panel, coded the algorithm and applied the method to mined and self‐generated data sets. Results We developed Flow Plex, a straightforward computational tool that allows unrestricted access to the information content of a given flow cytometry panel, enables classification of human samples according to distinct immune phenotypes, such as different forms of autoimmune uveitis, acute myeloid leukemia vs “healthy”, “old” vs “young”, and facilitates the identification of cell populations with potential biologic relevance to states of disease and health. Conclusions We provide a tool that allows immunologists and other flow cytometry users with limited bioinformatics skills to extract comprehensive, unbiased information from flow cytometry data sets.

This study was conducted to compare the production of green onion (cv. Taxes Early Grano) by two planting methods (seed and set) which were planted in the field in two planting dates:18 Oct. and 2 Dec. The third factor was to compare the use of three organic fertilizers i. e. chicken manufactured manure (melfert 25 kg/100 m2) , Rotten sheep manure (60 m3/ha.) and organic pow humus manure (2 gm/l.) with the chemical fertilizer as recommended by The Iraqi Agriculture ministry. The results showed that Plants produced from the 1st planting date and planted with sets were significantly greater than the plants produced from the 2nd planting date and planted with seed on most vegetative growth traits. Whereas, the two dates did not differ differ significantly in fresh weight of necks. The results also showed that the 1st planting date led to a significant increase in mean of the marketable plant weight and its yield per hectar as compared with plant planted in second planting date. However the number of bulb produced from doubling plants was un affected significantly by the planting date. Mean while, the plants produced by sets method increased significantly in all (significantly and non significantly) mentioned above yield characters as compared with plants produced by seed planting method. The plants fertilized with the organic fertilizers showed non significant difference among them or with plants fertilized with the inorganic (chemical) fertilizer in the most vegetative growth, yield and their component traits mentioned above. The bulb produced from the second planting date and planted with set method and chemical fertilizer increased significantly in nitrate content. The result indicated that plant planted in the first planting date and planted with the sets method and fertilized with organic fertilizer (pow humus 2 gm/l) gave the highest mean weight of marketable per plant (332.87 gm) and its yield per hectar was (88.764 ton).

This study showed isolation and diagnosis of 70 isolates of intestinal flora that isolated from feces of healthy people in Mosul city / Iraq, distributed to 40 isolates from beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus spp. and 30 isolates from harmful bacteria Clostridium spp., this include species of beneficial bacteria : L. acidophilus, L. casei subsp. casei, L. pentosus, L. reuteri, L. ruminis, L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. salivarius, L. casei subsp. rhamnosus and L. johnsonii, as well as the species of harmful bacteria included into C. butyricum, C. difficile, C. cadaveris, C. septicum, C. ramosum, C. histolyticum, C. tertium, C. perfringes and C. clostridiiforme, adopted cultural qualities, microscopic and biochemical tests to get the results. Inhibitory effectiveness of the variable constrations 4, 8 and 12 mg. from alcoholic (methanol) extract of peeled fruits of pomegranate (Punica granatum) against the isolated bacteria was studied. The method of disks in the measurement of the effectiveness was adopted. Results showed that the plant extract has a powerful effect against pathogenic bacteria represented by Clostridium spp. while lower activity against bacteria Lactobacillus spp.

اخترت مخطوطة للعالم الكوردي المعروف ابن آدم البالكي الذي ولد في مدينة راوندوز عام (1160ه) لتكون مشروع أطروحة الدكتوراه الموسومة بـ ( مصباح الخافية في شرح نظم الكافية لابن آدم البالكي المتوفى على الراجح عام 1237ه – القسم الأول – الأسماء والممنوع من الصرف/ دراسة وتحقيق). إنّ هذه المخطوطة هي في النحو العربي، شرح مفصل لمنظومة: كفاية الطالب نظم كافية ابن الحاجب لمعاصره الشيخ معروف النودهي (ت 1254ه)، ومتن النظم هو المختصر الوجيز في النحو ( كافية ذوي الأرب في معرفة كلام العرب) لابن الحاجب الكوردي (ت 646ه). تتألف المخطوطة من 423 صفحة، (212 لوحة)، حققت ودرست (99) لوحة منها، تناولتها من خلال قسمين، وانقسم بدوره على فصلين: الأول منهما سلط الضوء على حياته ومكانته العلمية وآثاره، وخصص الفصل الثاني لدراسة المخطوطة. أمّا القسم الثاني فتناول تحقيق المخطوطة، وكان عملي فيه منصبا على إعادة كتابة المخطوطة أقرب ما يكون إلى ما أراد المؤلف، غير متصرف في النص إلا في تصحيح تحريف أو خطإ إملائي، متبعا فيه الكتابة على وفق الإملاء الحديث، وقد خرجت الآيات القرآنية، والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة، وكذلك الأبيات الشعرية والأقوال والأمثال. وأكملت ما كان ذكر منه موطن الشاهد فقط. لم يكن ابن آدم نحويا فحسب بل كان علما موسوعيا كتب في علوم مختلفة من لغة وفقه ومنطق وعروض وفلك وغيرها. ولكن لم تصلنا منها سوى 69 أثرا. توفي ابن آدم في قرية ديلزة في راوندوز عام 1237 ه بعد عمر مليء بالعطاء.