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This letter discusses a case of bilateral basal cell carcinoma in the lower eyelids of a patient undergoing radium treatment for blepharitis

Nesfatin-1 reduces body weight and the intake of food, it is also tangled in setting insulin release. This study aims at comparing the levels of serum of Nesfatin-1 with the insulin resistance in obese adolescent of iraqi population with other nations around the world predicating development of diabetes mellitus later. 90 participants were needed for this cross-sectional study, including 30 control participants (17 men and 13 women) and 60 obese adolescents (36 men and 24 women). Serum glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin in starved participants were estimated, using an ELISA kit, the serum level of Nesfatin-1 was measured, and insulin resistance was calculated. Obese adolescents aged 12 to 18 and the control group, who were between 13 and 18 years old. The level of nesfatin-1 was significantly lower in the group of obese adolescents than in the controls. The ranges of Nesfatin-1 were (1.22±0.39 n/ml vs 2.54±0.64 n/m P = 0.001). In the control and obese groups respectively. In comparison to the results of the non-obese adolescent group, the obese group has significantly lower insulin sensitivity. Serum Nesfatin-1 is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body mass index. In general, our study revealed that there is no effect of food culture and eating intake on the role of Nesfatin -1 inducing obesity.

Hydrostatic pressure (HP) and osmotic stress (OS) play an important role in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In contrast to canonical mechanical signals transmitted through the anchoring points of the cells with the extracellular matrix, the physical and molecular mechanisms that transduce HP and OS into cellular functions remain elusive. Three-dimensional cell cultures show great promise to replicate physiologically relevant signals in well-defined host bioreactors with the goal of shedding light on hidden aspects of the mechanobiology of HP and OS. This review starts by introducing prevalent mechanisms for the generation of HP and OS signals in biological tissues that are subject to pathophysiological mechanical loading. We then revisit various mechanisms in the mechanotransduction of HP and OS, and describe the current state of the art in bioreactors and biomaterials for the control of the corresponding physical signals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To present a series of patients with orbital and adnexal amyloidosis and illustrate the diversity of disease and the challenges of managing such cases., Methods: Descriptive case series of ten patients with biopsy proven amyloidosis involving the orbit, conjunctiva and eyelids. The presentation, clinical findings and management are discussed for each case., Results: All patients had some form of eyelid abnormality or malposition. Presenting complaints included ptosis, epiphora and ocular discomfort. Other clinical findings included conjunctival lesions and proptosis. The majority of patients had localised amyloidosis and one patient had systemic disease. Conservative management included lubrication and the use of bandage contact lenses. Surgical management included debulking, ptosis or other lid surgery., Conclusion: Amyloidosis can present to an Occuloplastic clinic in a wide variety of ways. Definitive diagnosis is based on the histopathological findings. Management is often challenging. Multi-disciplinary team involvement is critical in view of its systemic associations.

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is indicated in children with persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Endoscopic endonasal DCR has been successfully performed in both adults and children, with success rates similar to that of external DCR. This paper aims to evaluate the outcomes of paediatric patients undergoing endonasal endoscopic DCR at a district general hospital. A retrospective review of all patients attending a joint lacrimal clinic undergoing endonasal endoscopic DCR between October 2001 and December 2008 was performed. Sixteen children (17 eyes) aged between 2 and 14 were analysed. The main outcome measure was resolution of symptoms. Fourteen cases (82%) presented with epiphora with or without stickiness. Three cases had recurrent dacryocystitis. Three patients had Down syndrome. There were no operative complications. During a mean post-operative period of 12 months, all but one case showed an improvement of symptoms. While 60% of the patients had a complete resolution of symptoms, the remaining were minimally symptomatic. Of those with residual symptoms, two had Down syndrome. Endonasal DCR is a safe and effective intervention for children with persistent NLDO. Success is higher in children with no craniofacial abnormality. Joint care under a consultant Oculoplastic and ENT surgeon provides optimum care for these patients.