Search

Rahaliya - Ekhedur region is located to the west of Razzaza Lake (M.IRAQ). It is within the Salman - Rutba tectonic zones characterized by the existence of Abu Jir and Imam Ahmad bin Hashim Fault Systems. The major geological formations in the studied area consists of Tertiary and Quaternary deposits described from the oldest to the youngest as : Dammam, Euphrates, Nfayil and Injana, formations, and the slope of beds is less than one degree in the direction of east and northeast towards Al-Razzaza lake. To evaluate the hydrochemical properties and the quality groundwater samples were collected from 16 wells at different depths 80-120 m, during April and October 2013. These samples have been chemically analyzed and the results indicated that the ground water is of mixed origin, very hard (TH ranging from 227.5 to 1032.8 ppm), having high pH values, while the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranging from 1700 to 2750 mg/l so that the water is of brackish type. On the basis of the major cation and anion concentration the groundwater during April 2013 was of mixed Mg and Na -SO4 group having two families which are Na2SO4 family with Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+-SO42- >Cl->HCO3- and MgSO4 water family with Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+-SO42- >Cl->HCO3-. While, the groundwater during October 2013 is of two groups (Na -SO4) having two families which are (Na2SO4) family with Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+-SO42- >Cl->HCO3-and (MgSO4) water family with Mg2+> Ca2+>Na+-SO42- >Cl->HCO3-. The second group was Na - Cl with Na+> Mg2+>Ca2+ - Cl->SO42- > HCO3- and Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+ - Cl->SO42- > HCO3- . Therefore, the ground water in the region is not good for drinking due to high salinity and it is of Doubtful to unsuitable-Unsuitable for irrigation but it can be used to irrigate sensitive crops in areas.

At the procedural level and according to climate factors, the study area has an arid climate. About 12.4% of the total rainfall was observed as excess water in the study area over 30 years. The amount of groundwater recharge, measured in millimeters per year at a rate of 16.7 mm/year, was 5.37% of the total rainfall. The main direction of the flow net in the studied area was from west to east, and the water table levels ranged from 321 to 409 m above sea level. The values of a saturated thickness (b) for the Rabia sub-basin were between (73 and 127 m). Depending on the results of pumping test analysis from eight wells, the hydraulic conductivity values (K) of the Rabia sub-basin aquifer ranged between (2.91 to 5.55) m/day. The Transmissivity (T) values ranged from (235.3 to 704.2) m²/day, while the storage coefficient (Sc) values ranged between (1.16 x 10ˉ⁴ to 3.98 x 10ˉ). This value indicates that the aquifer is confined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study area is located in Al-Anbar Governorate, western Iraq. The climatic data were collected from Al-Ramadi Meteorological Station for the period 1990 to 2020 and used to assess the climatic condition of the study area. The total annual rainfall, relative humidity, monthly average temperature, evaporation, wind speed and sunshine duration are 108 mm, 52.7 %, 22.6˚C, 2814.3 mm, 2.2 m/s and 8.8 h/day, respectively. The climate of the study area is described as an arid to sub arid and relatively hot in summer and cold with low rain in winter. During the data used, the highest potential evapotranspiration was 217.1 mm in July, while the lowest value was 10.7 mm in January, with a total amount of 1170.07 mm. The highest and lowest corrected evapotranspiration becomes 264.2 mm in July and 9.4 mm in January, with 1310.3 mm. water Surplus (WS) is 2.1mm, 10.71mm, and 5.65mm in December, January and February, respectively. The WS was 18.46mm, forming 17.09 % of the total annual rainfall. The groundwater recharge (18.46 mm) with a rate of 17.09% represents the recharge from the total rainfall zero surface runoff. It has been found that the low amount of rain and sandy soil are among the most important factors causing the absence of surface runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Physics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study area is located in the eastern part of the Diyala Governorate close to the Iraqi-Iranian border. This study was set to investigate the hydrogeological calculations of northeast of Qazaniyah wells where the groundwater moves in directions of from the northeastern parts towards the southwestern par, that is, the same direction of the topography and the same direction of the tendency of the layers t. The study„s region is characterized by visible geological layers or those that can be penetrated to a reasonable depth by wells which are sedimentary rocks deposited in continental or semi-continental conditions in the bays. From the study of the hydraulic properties of the two hydrogeological and exemplary systems, the values of transmissivity, permeability and storage coefficient are ranged between 1.94- 5.73 m²/day, 1.02- 3.92 m/day and1.40 x 10-5- 2.62 x 10-4, respectively. While the estimated value of transmissivities, which are obtained from specific capacity, ranged between 6.27- 8.62 m²/day. This variance in the values indicates the broad differences in the values Lithology of aquifers, which seems to be influenced by the strength and the number of fractures and joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater recharge estimation is essential for management of groundwater systems. As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in the study area (Karbala - Najaf plateau), where the Dibdibba aquifer represents the primary and essential aquifer, evaluation of groundwater recharge is critical in the study area. A wide range of methodologies exists for estimating recharge. The water-table fluctuation method strategy might be the most generally utilized system for estimating recharge; it requires learning of changes in water levels over time and specific yield. Advantages of this approach include its simplicity and an insensitivity to the mechanism by which water moves through the unsaturated zone. Sensitiveness in measures created by this technique relates to the compelled precision with which specific yield can be calculated and to the degree to which assumptions inherent in the strategy are valid. The primary objective of this study is to calculate the annual and monthly values of recharge for Jan. 2010 through Aug. 2017 for Dibdibba aquifer at Karbala - Najaf plateau, central of Iraq to use results in the management of groundwater in the study area later . Water levels measured in four observation wells in the study area, measurements were taken daily at the middle of the night automatically by using modern electronic devices installed on the wells (from 10 BM to 4 AM) to avoid the effect of pumping activity on the water levels and to neutralize the effect of evapotranspiration for Jan. 2010 to Aug. 2017 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping groundwater quality Index for irrigation is of great importance for agricultural issues. As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in Iraqi Western Desert area, where the study area (Dibdibba aquifer) represents the extreme eastern part of it, evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for irrigation is important. This study aims to develop decision support tools for identifying the optimal locations of groundwater regarding its quality to meet the future demands of the study area. Samples were collected during the wet season (April-May 2017 (and analyzed for determining the physicochemical properties. The indices used in the quality assessment were the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na+), magnesium hazard (MH), and irrigation water quality index (IWQI), incorporating the spatial variation using the GIS-based multi-criteria system highlighted the spatial variation of groundwater quality for irrigation in the study area. This spatial distribution indicated that groundwater is generally of moderate quality in the Dibdibba aquifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rutba area is located in Al-Anbar Governorate - West of Iraq. Hydrogeological investigation calculation of Mulussa aquifer between Rutba and Dhabaa is carried out. The groundwater moves in directions of (NE, E and SE) influenced by depletion process in the amount of hydraulic gradient ranged between (0.0000416 - 0.008036). The groundwater flux (V) and groundwater pore velocity (U) are reached (0.00451) m/day and (25.02) m/day, respectively. Mulussa aquifer is carbonate beds, where represents confined aquifer conditions. The values of transmissivity, permeability and storage coefficient are ranged between (0.507 - 250) m2/day, (0.00547 - 3.05) m/day and (9.65 x 10-5 - 2.64 x 10-4) respectively. While the estimated of transmissivities which are obtained from specific capacity ranged (208.041 - 862.166) m2/day. This variation in the values revealing the great variations in the aquifer lithology, which was affected by intensity and the number of fractures and joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes determining the climatic conditions and the nature of the reservoirs in the region with the determination of the flow direction of the aquifer. The meteorological data for the Karbala station for the period 1976-2016 showed that the values of the monthly rates of temperature, precipitation, evaporation, relative humidity, wind speed and Sunshine duration are (24.19 C◦), (95.5 mm), (2828.6mm), (46.75%), (2.76 m/sec), and (8.61 h/day) respectively. Thorenthwait method was used to calculate the values of Potential Evapotranspiration (PE) then determine the annual value of WS and WD which equal 28.11mm and 49.149mm respectively. Mean monthly water surplus for the period (1976-2016) was recorded about (9.36mm) in December, (13.11mm) in January and (5.64mm) in February of the whole amount of Rainfall and Equal to 29.34 of the total rainfall1 The study showed the existence of a shallow aquifer unconfined in the Quaternary deposits. The flow net map is shown by mainly that the groundwater flow in the area, it is from the northwestern parts towards the Eastern and southestern parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater suitability for consumption in the Yaychi area is determined by analyzing groundwater samples of 21 wells distributed in the area, for dry period which begin from May to October 2016 and wet period begin from October 2016 to May 2017. Results indicated that the temperature (T °C) have normal values and the water of low alkaline and excessively mineralized, while most of these samples, for both periods, are slightly – brackish water. The mean ion concentrations for two periods indicates that all major and secondary ions are higher than water quality standards for drinking purposes according to World Health Organization (WQI) and Iraqi Standard (IQS) except for K and Cl ions. The water in the study area is classified as very hard. Kurolov formula shows the presence of three predominant salts MgSO4, Na2SO4 and CaSO4, and the water origin in the area is meteoric water. The predominated of water types are " earth alkaline water with increased portions of alkalis with prevailing sulfate and chloride" and "Normal earth alkaline water with prevailing sulphate or chloride". After comparing the ionic concentrations with the water quality standards for different purposes, it was found that groundwater in the area is unsuitable for human drinking, but it's suitable for building and livestock and for growing most types of crops, it is also suitable for irrigation purposes depending on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage(Na%) and the Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), and unfit for irrigation according to Magnesium Adsorption Ratio(MAR) index. The water in the study area is devoid of heavy metal pollution except (Fe), (Pb) which are shown in water of some wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the climatic water balance and hydrogeological conditions of the water bearing layers within Lailan basin. To achieve the water balance the meteorological data from Kirkuk station for the period (1970 to 2016) was used to calculate the water surplus and water deficit. Based on Mehta's model the water surplus (Ws) is equal to (127.86 mm/ year) representing 36.87 % of the total rainfall, while 63.13% of the total rainfall are water deficit. The study area is characterized by two main aquifer types, unconfined and semi-confined. Generally, groundwater recharge occurs from both sides of the basin toward the center and the general flow direction is from northeast to southwest. To determine the hydraulic properties of semi-confined aquifer, pumping and recovery tests data from seven wells in the study area were analyzed based on the Hantush-Jacob's (1955) and Theis recovery (1935) methods.The values of T, K ,Sc and S ranged from (79.63 – 753.8 m2/day ),(2.01 – 16.75 m/day ),(0.42 – 5.95 m2/day ) and (0.0068 - 6.134E-16 ) respectively . Due to the aquifer lithology heterogeneity the hydraulic properties varied from one location to another, reflecting the change of both porosity and permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]