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The increasing emergence of parasitic diseases with the possibility of ecological threats as well as domestic animals and human health has influence on the importance of understanding disease dynamics and associated risks in biological conservation. The present study was undertaken from North-Eastern part of India from January 2017 to December 2018 to identify different gastrointestinal (GI) parasites based on faecal sample examination, blood smear examination for haemoparasites by Giemsa staining and ectoparasites by visual observation and skin scraping examination in feral as well as domesticated pigs. Overall prevalence recorded was 31.91% for GI helminths (Ascaris suum, Strongyle sp., Stephanurus dentatus, Stongyloides ransomi, Ascarops strongylina, Trichuris suis and Fasciolopsis buskii), 29.41% for GI protozoa (Eimeria spp., Isospora suis, Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp.), 11.10% for haemoprotozoa (Eperythrozoon spp.) and 24.28% for ectoparasites (Haematopinus suis, Demodex phylloides and Sarcoptes scabiei var suis). Post-mortem examination in few cases revealed the presence of Stephanurus dentatus in renal pelvis and Metastrongylus elongatus in lungs. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed according to age, sex and seasonal prevalence of parasites. This study will help in development and implementation of preventive and control measures in hygienic pork production to reduce the economic loss due to curable parasitic diseases and to enhance the quality of pork for general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhea is the most common child disease; one of the most prominent causes is Giardiasis, which produces an infection of intestinal characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and episodes of diarrhea. Giardiasis is produced by unicellular parasites called Giardia lambila that can be found all over the world, especially in areas of poor sanitation, unsafe water, the current study aimed at investigating the infection of Giardia lambila in school children with diarrhea and who were referred by their relatives to the women's hospital and children in Maysan governorate south of Iraq, (200) samples of feces were examined for infants patientswith diarrhea in(0-2) years, the microscopic examination of this samples showed positive infection with Giardia lambila 80/200 (40%), the study of biochemical and blood parameters of the patients showed a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin level, packed cell volume and the increase in the differential number of WBC in the infected infants compared to the control group, the biochemical study also indicated a decrease in the concentration of total protein, albumin, calcium, magnesium and sodium ions, cholesterol, triglycerides, and increase in concentration of liver enzymes GTP and GOT in patients compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. No Symptoms in healthy people. Notably, very dangerous symptoms in immunocompromised, or patients with immune diseases. Previous research has shown that the parasite's resistance to drugs continues to emerge and has indicated this resistance as a cause for concern. In this context, researchers have a great responsibility to search for alternative treatments, as well as to develop existing ones. Essentially, this improves the therapeutic efficacy of drugs and prevents the emergence of resistance to them. The present study aims to evaluate antitoxoplasma effects of niosomal loaded curcumin and silymarin and their synergistic effects with clindamycin against T. gondii RH strain in vitro . Materials and Methods : Experiments were conducted on the tachyzoites of T. gondii RH-strain, based on: the free and nieosomal compounds of curcumin and silymarin, in addition to the drug clindamycin. Data were collected to estimate parasite viability during exposure to the therapeutic compounds under study using a special MTT assay ((3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolioum bromide) assay: is a colorimetric assay for measuring cellular growth) kit provided by (Bio Idea Company, Tehran, Iran). Hence, the effect of the therapeutic compounds on the parasite load was studied using the quantitative molecular technique real-time PCR. Results: The results indicate that the combination of N-silymarin and N-curcumin with clindamycin has active synergistic effects against T. gondii leading to complete elimination of the parasite. Data revealed that curcumin and silymarin in both their free and nisomal forms had inhibitory effects on the parasite, and minimal toxic effects on normal cells. Conclusions : The results highlight the successful synergistic effect of clindamycin and the niosomal compounds curcumin and silymarin in completely eradicating the T. gondii RH-strain. This finding contributes positively to the field of safe and effective treatments.