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This study was undertaken to identify and characterize the globally expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced joint damage and to predict whether miRNAs can regulate the catabolic effects in osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. Out of 1347 miRNAs analyzed by microarrays in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes, 35 miRNAs were down-regulated, 1 miRNA was up-regulated, and the expression of 1311 miRNAs remained unchanged. Bioinformatics analysis showed the key inflammatory mediators and key molecular pathways are targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs. Novel miRNAs identified could have important diagnostic and therapeutic potentials in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for pain managements in OA.

Intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC) in men is an extremely rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all malignancies with only a few case presentations published so far. This report presents a case of 53-year-old male, who presented a painless swelling of his left breast. The left breast mass was 6 cm maximally and was found to be non-invasive IPC. The tumour is consistently positive for GCDFP-15, ER or PR and negative for HER-2. It consists of predominantly fibrovascular stromal lined by monotonous epithelial cells retaining intermediate to high histological grade with a high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, increased numbers of mitotic figures were also seen. Chest X-ray, liver ultrasound and bone centigram showed no evidence of distant metastases. In short, this is the first case report from Saudi Arabia of a male having IPC, with increased number of mitotic figures and high nuclear grades.

Present study probes the role of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-modified thymidine-5'-monophosphate (TMP) in SLE patients with different disease activity scores according to the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Serum analysis showed significant increased number of subjects positive for anti-ONOO(-)-TMP-protein antibodies in SLE patients with different SLEDAI scores. Interestingly, the levels of these antibodies were significantly higher among SLE patients, whose SLEDAI scores were ≥20. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the levels of anti-ONOO(-)-TMP-protein antibodies and the SLEDAI score (r = 0.595, p < 0.0001). In short, this study shows a positive association between anti-ONOO(-)-TMP-protein antibodies and SLEDAI. The stronger response observed in patients with higher SLEDAI scores suggests that anti-ONOO(-)-TMP-protein antibodies may be useful in evaluating the progression of SLE and in elucidating the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that usually affects children and young adults. Sclerosing cholangitis (SC) can occur in 10-15% of patients with disseminated form of the disease. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disorder that may be caused by a variety of diseases mainly LCH and germinoma especially in children. In this case report, a- 4-year-old girl who is a known case of CDI and a single bone lesion in the left humerus, presented with jaundice, abdominal distention and itching. The diagnosis of SC was made by histopathology on liver biopsy. In this case, we found a link between CDI and SC through LCH, the diagnosis of which was made by histopathology of the explanted liver. The combination of CDI, liver involvement with SC and a single bone lesion is remarkable, since the histological diagnosis of LCH was made outside the biliary tract in the liver parenchyma.