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Lohakath (Xylia kerrii Craib & Hutch.), a valuable timber species in Bangladesh, belongs to the family Leguminosae. Morphology of fruits, seeds and the effect pre-sowing treatments of seeds were studied. The average length, breath and thickness of fruits were found 13.3, 5.3 and 0.8 cm respectively and those of seeds were 1.4, 0.3 and 0.3 cm respectively. Number of seeds per kilogram was 5000-5400. The germination test was done by sowing the seeds in polybags (4 cm x 6 cm) filled with a mixture of topsoil, coconut husk compost, coarse sand and fine sand in the ratio of 3:4:1:1. The highest germination percentage (98%) was found in scarification with sand paper. The lowest germination percentage (53%) was found in control. About 87% was found in hot water (80 °C) immersion (10 minutes), 84% was found in 80% concentrated H2SO4, 63% was found in immersion in cold water (4 °C) for 12 hours. As the use of sulphuric acid and scarification techniques are somewhat risky and trouble some, therefore, pre-sowing treatment of Lohakath seed for germination in rural Bangladesh could be hot water immersion method.

This paper reviews the theory of matrices and determinants. Matrix and determinant are nowadays considered inseparable to some extent, but the determinant was discovered over two centuries before the term matrix was coined. Our review associate determinant with the matrix as part of linear systems but not with polynomials. Thus, the paper first gives the background on matrix with vast applications in all fields of study and then reviews the history of determinants which is based on its major contributors in chronological order from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first century

Pada era globalisasi, teknologi semakin berkembang dengan cepat. Perkembangan teknologi di dunia banyak membantu manusia memudahkan pekerjaanya agar lebih efektif dan efisian di berbagai bidang. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan pada bidang industri yaitu memudahkan pekerjaan dalam melakukan pengendalian persediaan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh PT. SAS Group yaitu berkaitan dengan ketersediaan barang yang merupakan suatu elemen yang sangat penting, sehingga sebagai manajemen yang baik dalam proses mengatur ketersediaan stok barang sangat diperlukan, untuk menghindari penumpukan barang yang sama dan barang yang kurang diminati oleh pembeli dengan menggunakan data mining. Metode clustering yang digunakan yaitu metode K-Means. Tahapan penelitian yaitu identifikasi masalah, studi literatur, pengumpulan data, pemprosesan data, data mining dan evaluasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memudahkan PT. SAS Group dalam menentukan stok persediaan barang.Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu setiap cluster yaitu cluster_0 sebanyak 1282 atau sebesar 98,6%, cluster_1 sebanyak 18 atau sebesar 1,4%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut didapat kelompok stok barang yang berada pada cluster_0 memiliki rata-rata penjualan yang besar yaitu mencapai 2368 barang. Artinya bahwa kelompok barang pada cluster_0 perlu menyimpan banyak barang karena merupakan produk yang paling banyak diminati.

Autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) occur in approximately 10% of adults with life-threatening COVID-19. The frequency of anti-IFN autoantibodies in children with severe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown.To quantify anti-Type I IFN autoantibodies in a multi-center cohort of children with severe COVID-19, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.Circulating anti-IFNa2 antibodies were measured by a radioligand binding assay. Whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA-sequencing, and functional studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to study any patients with levels of anti-IFNα2 autoantibodies exceeding the assay's positive control.Among 168 patients with severe COVID-19, 199 with MIS-C, and 45 with mild SARS-CoV-2 infections, only one had high levels of anti-IFNα2 antibodies. Anti-IFNα2 autoantibodies were not detected in patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin prior to sample collection. WES identified a missense variant in the ankyrin domain of NFKB2, encoding the p100 subunit of NF-kB essential for non-canonical NF-kB signaling. Her peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited impaired cleavage of p100 characteristic of NFKB2 haploinsufficiency, an inborn error of immunity with a high prevalence of autoimmunity.High levels of anti-IFNα2 autoantibodies in children and adolescents with MIS-C, severe COVID-19, and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections are rare, but can occur in patients with inborn errors of immunity.Anti-IFNα2 autoantibodies should prompt diagnostic evaluation for inborn errors of immunity if identified in children or adolescents.

Kepadatan penduduk memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup kota. Karena kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi banyak masalah yang muncul. Penduduk terus menerus dipengaruhi oleh jumlah bayi yang lahir (pertumbuhan penduduk), tetapi pada saat yang sama dikurangi dengan jumlah kematian yang terjadi pada semua kelompok umur. Pertumbuhan penduduk disebabkan oleh empat faktor yaitu kelahiran, kematian, imigrasi masuk, dan migrasi keluar. Ketika imigran masuk berjumlah banyak maka jumlah penduduk di suatu wilayah atau kota akan bertambah dan ketika imigran keluar bertambah maka sebaliknya yaitu jumlah penduduk pada suatu wilayah atau kota akan berkurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepadatan penduduk pada desa di Kabupaten Majalengka. Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang ada di Jawa Barat. Seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk Majalengka setiap tahunnya, kepadatan penduduk di Kabupaten Majalengka cukup padat. Dalam penelitian ini, desa-desa di Kabupaten Majalengka di cluster menggunakan metode Two-Step Cluster. Two-Step Cluster adalah cara untuk menangani variabel kontinu dan kategorik dengan menggunakan indikator Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), hasil dari jumlah cluster optimal diperoleh 4 cluster. Pada cluster tersebut terdapat cluster yang merupakan cluster terbaik yaitu terdapat pada cluster 3 dengan jumlah desa yaitu 15 desa dengan jumlah penduduk 6.862 Jiwa. Pengujian clustering dilakukan dengan metode silhoutte dan menunjukkan bahwa cluster yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai silhoutte yang mendapatkan nilai cukup yaitu 0,4. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa cluster yang terbentuk telah ter-cluster dengan baik.

Background: Cancer of the cervix is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths amongst women in India. Apart from the availability of healthcare services, awareness and attitude, the cornerstone of public health measures such as screening and vaccination are useful in the control of cervical cancer. There is a lack of studies regarding cervical cancer in the selected region. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of cervical cancer and its associated factors amongst rural women in a densely populated state of Northern India. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was undertaken for a period of one year, i.e., from April 2018 to March 2019, in five randomly selected villages of the Bakshi Ka Talab Block of District Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Systematic random sampling was performed to include females aged 15 years and above by a house to house survey. Trained social workers interviewed the consenting participants using a self-structured, pretested and validated questionnaire. The suitable statistical test was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of the participants (n=300) were aged between 20- 24 years, and the mean age was 28.5 years. Sixty-four per cent of the females were married, and round 43.7% belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Nearly one third reported to have not heard of cervical cancer previously. The knowledge of the various aspects of cancer cervix varied from 3.2% to 55.3%. The most frequently recognized risk factors were early pregnancy (15.7%), giving birth to ≥ 3 children (13.2%) and early sexual initiation (11.7%). Majority of respondents (56.4 per cent) reported weakness to be the most common effect of leucorrhoea. Nearly half of females falsely perceived the actual cause of the leucorrhoea as excess heat in the body. None of the participants had either undergone screening for cervical cancer or had received HPV vaccination despite the availability of healthcare facilities within 30 kilometres. The educational and socioeconomic status were found to be significant predictors of knowledge of cervical cancer on multivariate logistic regression analysis Conclusion: A general lack of awareness has been noted regarding cervical cancer in the study population. None of the participants had undergone screening for cancer cervix or had been administered HPV vaccination, which points to a lack of healthcare utilisation. There is a need to sensitize the target population to the menace of cervical cancer and the usefulness of screening and HPV uptake. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.790-795

Background: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is one of the “classic” Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by sustained thrombocytosis, increased megakaryopoiesis and high risk of vascular complications. ET is very rare in childhood. The annual incidence is approximately 1 per 10,000,000 in children less than 14 years, and about 60 times lower than adults. The genetic landscape and clonal features in childhood ET has not been well defined. There is no evidence-based guidance on the diagnosis of childhood ET. Methods: Medical records of 28 pediatric patients (age

Monkeypox is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus which has predominantly affected humans living in western and central Africa since the 1970s. Type I and II interferon signaling, NK cell function, and serologic immunity are critical for host immunity against monkeypox. Monkeypox can evade host viral recognition and block interferon signaling, leading to overall case fatality rates of up to 11%. The incidence of monkeypox has increased since cessation of smallpox vaccination. In 2022, a global outbreak emerged, predominantly affecting males, with exclusive human-to-human transmission and more phenotypic variability than earlier outbreaks. Available vaccines are safe and effective tools for prevention of severe disease, but supply is limited. Now considered a public health emergency, more studies are needed to better characterize at-risk populations and to develop new anti-viral therapies.

Global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei Province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic that has an impact which would be disturbed the personal productivity in the community. The dependent variable which is threat of COVID-19 (Thr_Cov-19), vulnerability of COVID-19 (Vul_Cov-19), and the unexpected change in society factors and one independent variable that is personal disturbance factors is used in this paper. Moreover, using as an indicator which will determine disturbance of personal productivity (D_PP) in the society. Since multiple regression by partial least square-structural equation modeling is used to examined of data by following unstructured method. Moreover, the resulting point out three dependent variables significantly influences on the independent variable of personal productivity in the society. As a matter of fact, this study concludes the foremost influence factor on D_PP in society due to COVID-19 risk factors such as Thr_Cov-19, Vul_Cov-19, and unexpected changed in the society factors. This study contributes to introductory study but vibrant understanding in stimulating the prediction of personal productivity in the society due to the COVID-19 attacks.

يتناول هذا المقال القرآن الكريم والمساحة المشتركة في التعايش ماليزيا نموذجا. مما لاشك فيه أن من أهم أهداف التي يساهل في بناء مجتمع متماسك متآلف متعاون، حفاظ على العدالة الاجتماعية، بأن يشعر المرء أن إرادته وحريته ورغباته مصونة ومكفولة، وأن حقوقه المادية والحسية والمعنوية محفوظة ومحمية وإنسانيته غير قابلة للمساومة. ومن أهداف التي تجعل الإنسان يشعر بقيمة معتقداته، عدم تدخل أنظمة الدولة في خصوصية المجتمع. وهذا لا يتعارض مع نشر الدعوة وتصحيح المفاهيم، بل يعزز موقف نشر عقيدة صحيحة سليمة، أن يعض الناس أمام الحقائق التي لا يختلف عليها اثنان، ثم يترك صاحب الشأن أن يقرر مصير نفسه بنفسه، ولا دخل لأحد في اتخاذ القرار النهائي غير صاحب الشأن. والعدل في المعاملة وفي تولى الوظائف منوط بالكفاءة والخبر وإتقان العمل ، ولاعلاقة له بما يعتقده الإنسان. وقد اتبعت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الذي يقوم على عرض المشكلة ووصفها بطريقة معينة. وجد هذا المقال أن من أبرز القضايا التى يعرضها القرآن الكريم والإشادة بقيمتها : الوفاء بالعهود والمواثيق وأداء والودائع لمن اؤتمن عليها. واحترام مشاعر الآخرين مهما اختلف وفي التدين وفي ممارسات شعائر الطقوس. The article examines the Holy Quran and the Common Space in Coexistence with special reference to Malaysia. Undoubtedly, one of the most important means that contribute to building a coherent, harmonious and cooperative society is for one to feel that his will, freedom, and desires are protected and guaranteed, and that his rights are preserved and protected, and his humanity is not negotiable, nor manipulated. Among the most important issues on which the Holy Qur’an focused are the fulfilment of covenants and promises, fulfilling trusts to those who are entrusted with them. Respect for others ’feelings, no matter how different the belief and the origin of religiosity and the practices of ritual rituals is. This study has followed the descriptive approach, which is based on presenting the problem and describing it in a specific way. The article found that the Holy Qur’an highlights the great significance and the need to achieving peaceful coexistence between Muslims and others, and between the state and its citizens.

Making Buttermilk by fermenting raw buffalo milk with two types of commercial starters YO-MIX 495 and YO-MIX 505, and stirring it by electrophoresis and estimating the chemical content using an analyzer Eko milk, pH, Titration Acidity percentage, carbohydrates and organic acids using HPLC technology, active compounds with GC-MS technology, Antioxidant Activity, and making ice cream with three mixtures: 0:1, 1:1 and 1:3 from raw milk to Buttermilk, and physical tests were conducted on it, The results showed that the fermentation time did not affect the chemical content. Still, it did affect the pH, surface Titration Acidity, the concentration of carbohydrates, Organic acids and active compounds. The highest pH value was 4.37, and ash was 0.65% for Buttermilk fermented with YO-MIX 495 starter. The highest value for Titration Acidity, protein and fat was 0.84, 2.73 and 1.24%, respectively, with YO-MIX 505 starter. The highest value of carbohydrates is for lactose sugar, 3.30 % with YO-MIX starter 505, and the highest for organic acids is succinic, 169.82% with starter YO-MIX 505. Lactic 42.50 % with starter YO-MIX 495 and different ratios of active compounds reached the highest area of the peak % Acetic acid, cesium salt 25.08334% with starter YO-MIX 495 and it showed the most increased Antioxidant Activity 75% with the starter YO-MIX 495. The highest starter diameter against Bacillus cereus was 10 mm for the starter. The mixtures manufactured with YO-MIX starter 495 excelled in the combinations manufactured with YO-MIX starter 505 in sensory evaluation. The mixture 1:1 showed the highest value in taste and general acceptance. At the same time, 1:3 was superior in colour, texture and oral feeling, while 0:1 obtained the lowest degree of acceptance among the three mixtures.