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This systematic literature review was conducted to examine the most studied neurodevelopmental disorders reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and explore public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Electronic literature databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from May 2010 to May 2022. The literature was screened and assessed the quality of surveys of extracted 21 articles following the Best Practices for Survey and Public Opinion Research by the American Association for Public Opinion Research. Since 2010, the most studied neurodevelopmental disorders reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, with the prevalence of studies conducted in Central province, followed by Western province and the rest of Saudi Arabia in general. The analysis of questionnaires used showed that 20 studies were of high quality, and one was of medium quality. The narrative synthesis of included studies showed an overall lack of knowledge about autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, misconceptions and misunderstandings about these health conditions. More research is needed in all regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to contribute to the knowledge about mental health conditions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder children and their parents to inform policies and practical recommendations.

Sandwich panel structures are composed of three layers: core and two facings. The configuration of the core deeply influences the mechanical properties of the sandwich panel. Numerous innovative core shapes have been proposed to enhance these properties; however, many have not been implemented due to manufacturing difficulties, particularly spherical shapes. This research aims to address this manufacturing challenge by utilizing 3D printing technology to produce sandwich panels with a spherical core. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of varying design parameters like sphere diameter, offset distance and face thickness on the free vibration features of the sandwich panels experimentally and numerically. Experimental tests validated the finite element models with an error margin below 12%. The key parameters explored were spherical diameter (3-12mm), offset distance (10-33mm), and face thickness (1-5mm). The results demonstrate a direct correlation between these parameters and the sandwich beam natural frequency.

The work done in this research is dedicated to compute the critical buckling load of combined columns. This is performed using theoretical and experimental analyses. The combined column is made of two materials, namely copper and aluminum alloys. The theoretical approach involves numerical analysis using ANSYS and analytical analysis using the equivalent stiffness method. The study determines the critical buckling load by considering many parameters. These parameters include lengths of copper and aluminum in the combined columns, cross-sectional geometries (square, circle, and hexagon), and boundary conditions. The experimental work is carried out using a Strut Bucking Apparatus on a combined column with circular cross-sections and different end supports. The findings show that the critical buckling loads achieved from numerical and analytical analysis are in good agreement with those obtained from experimental analysis. It is found that the critical buckling load increases with increasing the length of copper in the combined column and with more restrictive end supports. There is a good match of critical buckling load between those achieved from the equivalent stiffness method and ANSYS model for any considered cross-sectional geometries (square, circle, and hexagon) and two types of support (fixed-fixed and fixed-pinned). The results reveal that the combined columns with square cross-sections have higher critical buckling loads than those with circular or hexagonal cross-sections. The highest percentage errors of critical buckling load between the experimental method and theoretical methods (equivalent stiffness method and ANSYS models) are (-13.120, -12.768, and -12.453) % and (-13.083, -18.039, and -19.052) % for pinned-pinned, fixed-pinned, and fixed-fixed columns respectively.

Abstract Improving the accuracy of reference evapotranspiration (RET) estimation is essential for effective water resource management, irrigation planning, and climate change assessments in agricultural systems. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM-FAO56) model, a widely endorsed approach for RET estimation, often encounters limitations due to the lack of complete meteorological data. This study evaluates the performance of eight empirical models and four machine learning (ML) models, along with their hybrid counterparts, in estimating daily RET within the Gharb and Loukkos irrigated perimeters in Morocco. The ML models examined include Random Forest (RF), M5 Pruned (M5P), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), with hybrid combinations of RF-M5P, RF-XGBoost, RF-LightGBM, and XGBoost-LightGBM. Six input combinations were created, utilizing Tmax, Tmin, RHmean, Rs, and U2, with the PM-FAO56 model serving as the benchmark. Model performance was assessed using four statistical indicators: Kling-Gupta efficiency index (KGE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean squared error (RMSE), and relative root squared error (RRSE). Results indicate that the Valiantzas 2013 (VAL2013b) model outperformed other empirical models across all stations, achieving high KGE and R2 values (0.95–0.97) and low RMSE (0.32–0.35 mm/day) and RRSE (8.14–10.30%). The XGBoost-LightGBM and RF-LightGBM hybrid models exhibited the highest accuracy (average RMSE of 0.015–0.097 mm/day), underscoring the potential of hybrid ML models for RET estimation in subhumid and semi-arid regions, thereby enhancing water resource management and irrigation scheduling.

Abstract Background Personality traits are linked with different oral health outcomes. However, personality traits and their associations among children are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study included male and female students aged 12–18 years from different schools in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The participants responded to a self-administered questionnaire after providing informed consent. The questionnaire included demographic information and Arabic versions of the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form to evaluate personality traits and OHRQoL, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Results This study included 231 (59.7%) males and 156 (40.3%) females. Regarding personality traits, conscientiousness had the highest mean score (15.31 ± 3.65), followed by agreeableness (14.94 ± 3.96) and openness (14.08 ± 3.98), whereas neuroticism had the lowest mean score (8.86 ± 3.34). Males had significantly higher mean scores for extraversion (14.28 ± 3.30) and conscientiousness (15.69 ± 3.62) compared to females, who had mean scores of 13.02 ± 3.35 and 14.75 ± 3.63, respectively (P

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرُّف على أثر المحاسبة عن المسؤولية الاجتماعية بأبعادها (المساهة العامة، الموارد البشرية، الموارد الطبيعية والمساهمات البيئية، مساهمات الخدمة) في جودة المعلومات المحاسبية بأبعادها ( الدقة، المنفعة، الكفاءة، الفاعلية، التنبؤ) وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة في البنوك التجارية بمحافظة عدن- اليمن وجرى استخدام أسلوب العينة الميسرة، تكوَّنت من (68) مفردة من الموظفين في الادارة المالية، الحسابات، إدارة الرقابة الداخلية، إدارة المراجعة، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدمت الإستبانة أداةً لجمع المعلومات، جرى اعتماد البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS) لتحليل البيانات، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عددٍ من النتائج، أهمها: وجود أثرٍ إيجابي للمحاسبة عن المسؤولية الاجتماعية بأبعادها (المساهة العامة، الموارد البشرية، الموارد الطبيعية والمساهمات البيئية، مساهمات الخدمة) في جودة المعلومات المحاسبية بأبعادها (الدقة، المنفعة، الكفاءة، الفاعلية، التنبؤ) في البنوك التجارية بمحافظة – عدن، وفي ضوء النتائج التي جرى التوصل إليها أوصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة الحرص من قبل البنوك التجارية في محافظة عدن على العدالة في إجراءات تعيين الأفراد دون تمييز جنس أو عمر، وتعزيز دور البنوك التجارية في برامج التوعية للعاملين لنشر الوعي البيئي، والاستمرار في تحديد احتياجات العملاء بناءً على الدراسات التسويقية، وتطوير تقنياتها وبما يسهم بتوفير معلومات محاسبية في كل الأزمنة، وترتيب البيئة التنظيمية للبنوك وبما يؤدي إلى الاستغلال الأمثل للموارد في سبيل الحصول على المعلومات.

هدف البحث الحالي إلى معرفة دور متطلبات إدارة المعرفة في تحقيق التميز المؤسسي في المنظمات الصناعية بساحل حضرموت، جرى التوصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أبرزها: أنَّ مستوى متطلبات إدارة المعرفة كان مرتفعًا، بمتوسطٍ حسابي (3.81)، ومستوى توافر التميز المؤسسي كان مرتفعًا بمتوسطٍ حسابي (3.92)، ووجود متطلبات إدارة المعرفة والتميز المؤسسي في المنظمات الصناعية بساحل حضرموت، حيث كانت العلاقة قوية (R=0.850)، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالةٍ إحصائيةٍ بين متوسطات إجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة حول العلاقة بين متطلبات إدارة المعرفة والتميز المؤسسي في المنظمات الصناعية بمحافظة حضرموت، تُعزى للمتغيرات الشخصية والوظيفية (الجنس، المسمى الوظيفي، المستوى التعليمي، سنوات الخدمة)، وبناءً على ما جاء في النتائج، جرى اقتراح عددٍ من التوصيات، أبرزها: إعطاء الوقت الكافي للعامين لمشاركة وتطبيق المعرفة، وإيجاد مساحةٍ كافيةٍ للتفكير والإبداع، والتحوُّل من أنماط العمل الفردي إلى نمط العمل الجماعي في فرق عملٍ ذاتية.