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Introduction: Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects the health of many women around the world. Apart from fundamental metabolic problems connected to PCOS, focus of our study is on the role of quercetin on genes relevant to steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. Methods: Eighteen mature parkes strain mice (4-5 weeks old) weighing 18-21 g were randomly divided into three groups of six each as follows: Group I serves as the control and was given water and a regular chow diet ad lib for 66 days; group II was given oral gavage administration of letrozole (LETZ) (6 mg/kg bw) for 21 days to induce PCOS and was left untreated for 45 days; For three weeks, Group III received oral gavage dose of LETZ (6 mg/kg), after which it received Quercetin (QUER) (125 mg/kg bw orally daily) for 45 days. Results: In our study we observed that mice with PCOS had irregular estrous cycle with increased LH/FSH ratio, decreased estrogen level and decline in expression of Kitl, Bmp1, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, Ar, lhr, Fshr and Esr1 in ovary. Moreover, we observed increase in the expression of CYP17a1, as well as increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and insulin levels. All these changes were reversed after the administration of quercetin in PCOS mice. Discussion: Quercetin treatment reversed the molecular, functional and morphological abnormalities brought on due to letrozole in pathological and physiological setting, particularly the issues of reproduction connected to PCOS. Quercetin doesn't act locally only but it acts systematically as it works on Pituitary (LH/FSH)- Ovary (gonad hormones) axis. the Side effects of Quercetin have to be targeted in future researches. Quercetin may act as a promising candidate for medical management of human PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides, due to their outstanding properties, have attracted the attention of researchers, working in the biomedical field and especially of those working in drug delivery. Modified/functionalized polysaccharides further increase the importance for various applications. Delivery of therapeutics for diverse ailments in different endocrine glands and hormones safely, is a focal point of researchers working in the field. Among the routes followed, the transdermal route is preferred due to non‐exposure of active moieties to the harsh gastric environment and first‐pass metabolism. This review starts with the overview of polysaccharides used for the delivery of various therapeutic agents. Advantages of polysaccharides used in the transdermal route are addressed in detail. Types of polysaccharides will be elaborated through examples, and in this context, special emphasis will be on the polysaccharides being used for synthesis of the membranes/films. Techniques employed for their modification to design novel carriers for therapeutics delivery will also be discussed. The review will end with a brief discussion on recent developments and future perspectives for delivery of therapeutic agents, and vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the use of new rare earth metals such as nanosize lanthanum oxide has extensively increased, being used in optical glasses, batteries and alloys--Nonetheless, the risk of toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3NPs) has not been studied before. In this experiment, we have determined the toxic and inflammatory response of La2O3NPs on BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and A549 lung cancer cells for 24 hours. The BEAS-2B and A549 cells were exposed to La2O3NPs (0, 1, 5, 20, 40, 100 µg/ml) for 24 hours. In this work, a comprehensive study on the toxicity of La203NPs by observing its effect on the morphology, viability, mortality and apoptosis in both cells was studied. La2O3NPs induced oxidative stress, interleukin (IL-6 and IL-8) and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner in both cells but, significant effect on cell toxicity at higher concentrations was noticed. However, La2O3NPs were able to elicit multiple stress responses, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B and A549 cells. DNA damage was significant, as evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis, and dose-dependent in both cells. Overall, our findings support La2O3NPs as a potentially toxic nanoparticle at the cellular level, and needs careful assessment before being used in medical and industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalization, membranes/films, Natural Polysaccharides, polysaccharides in Endocrinology, polysaccharides in Vaccines Keywords: Functionalization; membranes/films; Natural Polysaccharides; polysaccharides in Endocrinology; polysaccharides in Vaccines EN Functionalization membranes/films Natural Polysaccharides polysaccharides in Endocrinology polysaccharides in Vaccines 1 1 1 06/12/21 20210610 NES 210610 B Polysaccharides b are an important element in several fields such as endocrinology, drug delivery, and vaccine. [Extracted from the article]