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This study aims to reveal the views and suggestions of in-service mathematics teachers about supporting online learning. Many times, studies indicate the teachers' views related to the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. However, limited studies investigate teachers' views for improving the online learning environment. Thus, this study reveals teachers' recommendations for supporting elearning. To achieve this, a case study was conducted to describe teachers' views. Data were collected from four middle and high school mathematics teachers through interviews, reflections, and lesson plans for online mathematics education courses. Teachers' views and suggestions related to supporting online learning were coded under five categories: norms, selection of manipulatives, building a community of learners, participation in group work, and assessment in the online learning environment.

This study aims to examine investigate variations in teachers' perspectives regarding the pedagogical content knowledge acquired through the school experience in the pre-2018 curriculum for elementary mathematics teaching compared to its updated counterpart, now known as teaching practice in the current curriculum. In this direction, six teachers from the department of elementary mathematics teaching at the faculty of education of a university in Western part of Turkey were selected by criterion sampling method. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study in which holistic multiple case design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. As a result ofthe research, it was found thatthe teachers who studied with the old program were inadequate compared to the teachers who studied with the updated program in terms of classroom management, communication with students teaching methods, skills to use techniques.

Modification of lignin in feedstocks via genetic engineering aims to reduce biomass recalcitrance to facilitate efficient conversion processes. These improvements can be achieved by expressing exogenous enzymes that interfere with native biosynthetic pathways responsible for the production of the lignin precursors. In planta expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase in poplar trees reduced lignin content and altered the monomer composition, which enabled higher yields of sugars after cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis. Understanding how plants respond to such genetic modifications at the transcriptional and metabolic levels is needed to facilitate further improvement and field deployment. In this work, we acquired fundamental knowledge on lignin-modified poplar expressing 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase using RNA-seq and metabolomics. The data clearly demonstrate that changes in gene expression and metabolite abundance can occur in a strict spatiotemporal fashion, revealing tissue-specific responses in the xylem, phloem, or periderm. In the poplar line that exhibited the strongest reduction in lignin, we found that 3% of the transcripts had altered expression levels and ~19% of the detected metabolites had differential abundance in the xylem from older stems. The changes affected predominantly the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways as well as secondary cell wall metabolism, and resulted in significant accumulation of hydroxybenzoates derived from protocatechuate and salicylate.

Teaching with technology is a required skill for today's teachers and the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is a commonly used framework that is used to assess the effective usage of this skill. In this framework, teachers' knowledge is assessed under various individual and blended knowledge domains. The effect of contextual factors on TPACK is a relatively recent focal point of this framework. Therefore, this study investigates pre-service teachers' enactment of different TPACK domains and interprets the results according to contextual factors that underlie their decisions and their knowledge levels. For this purpose, a case study involving four pre-service teachers was conducted. The contextual factors are extracted from the pre-service teachers' reflection and teaching philosophy statements. Then their demonstration of TPACK levels are found both during planning and teaching stages. The results indicate that pre-service teachers with low TPACK enactment are mostly preoccupied with contextual elements related to practical concerns, whereas those with higher levels exhibited a greater degree of contextual elements related to beliefs and external priorities. It was also found that this latter group's planning and teaching artifacts are more balanced with respect to TPACK levels, whereas a more significant drop in TPACK levels from planning to teaching was observed for the former group.

Abstract Objective This study sought to translate the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire-Revised (ANRQ-R) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties for assessing psychosocial vulnerabilities among Turkish-speaking pregnant women. Methods The ANRQ-R was translated into Turkish following standard linguistic adaptation procedures. Psychometric properties were then examined using a cross-sectional study design, involving 156 pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics in Turkey. Participants completed the Turkish ANRQ-R and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Statistical analyses, including intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for test-retest reliability, Pearson correlation analysis for item-total test correlations, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for diagnostic accuracy, were conducted. Results The ANRQ-R Turkish version showed high test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.888 for the total score. Moderate to good ICCs were obtained for individual Likert-type items (0.572–0.849). Criterion-related validity was established via moderate correlations with the EPDS and its anxiety subscale EPDS-3 A (r = 0.537 and r = 0.431, respectively). ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory power (Area Under the Curve = 0.75) with an optimal cut-off score of 17, yielding 78% sensitivity and 65% specificity for identifying potential depression cases. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence of the overall reliability of the Turkish version of the ANRQ-R as a measure of psychosocial risk among Turkish-speaking women during pregnancy. Despite some limitations in item-level internal consistency indicators, integration of the ANRQ-R into routine antenatal care could enhance early identification and intervention strategies, potentially improving maternal health outcomes. Future research should aim to further validate the scale across diverse populations and settings, using a diagnostic tool as the reference standard.

Abstract Background Lignin is an aromatic polymer deposited in secondary cell walls of higher plants to provide strength, rigidity, and hydrophobicity to vascular tissues. Due to its interconnections with cell wall polysaccharides, lignin plays important roles during plant growth and defense, but also has a negative impact on industrial processes aimed at obtaining monosaccharides from plant biomass. Engineering lignin offers a solution to this issue. For example, previous work showed that heterologous expression of a coliphage S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase (AdoMetase) was an effective approach to reduce lignin in the model plant Arabidopsis. The efficacy of this engineering strategy remains to be evaluated in bioenergy crops. Results We studied the impact of expressing AdoMetase on lignin synthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Lignin content, monomer composition, and size, as well as biomass saccharification efficiency were determined in transgenic sorghum lines. The transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed in stems at three developmental stages. Plant growth and biomass composition was further evaluated under field conditions. Results evidenced that lignin was reduced by 18% in the best transgenic line, presumably due to reduced activity of the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferases involved in lignin synthesis. The modified sorghum features altered lignin monomer composition and increased lignin molecular weights. The degree of methylation of glucuronic acid on xylan was reduced. These changes enabled a ~20% increase in glucose yield after biomass pretreatment and saccharification compared to wild type. RNA-seq and untargeted metabolomic analyses evidenced some pleiotropic effects associated with AdoMetase expression. The transgenic sorghum showed developmental delay and reduced biomass yields at harvest, especially under field growing conditions. Conclusions The expression of AdoMetase represents an effective lignin engineering approach in sorghum. However, considering that this strategy potentially impacts multiple S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, adequate promoters for fine-tuning AdoMetase expression will be needed to mitigate yield penalty.

Accurately predicting a fetus’s gestational age (GA) is crucial in prenatal care. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict GA using biometric measurements from fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the significance of using different reference standards for interpreting GA predictions. Measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD), fronto-occipital diameter (FOD), and head circumference (HC) were obtained from 52 normal fetal MRI cases from Rush University. Both manual and AI-based methods were utilized, and comparisons were made using three reference standards (Garel, Freq, and Bio). The AI model showed a strong correlation with manual measurements, particularly for HC, which exhibited the highest correlation with actual values. Differences between GA predictions and picture archiving and communication system (PACS) records varied by reference, ranging from 0.47 to 2.17 weeks for BPD, 0.46 to 2.26 weeks for FOD, and 0.75 to 1.74 weeks for HC. Pearson correlation coefficients between PACS records and GA predictions exceeded 0.97 across all references. In conclusion, the AI model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting GA from fetal brain MRI measurements. This approach offers improved accuracy and convenience over manual methods, highlighting the potential of AI in enhancing prenatal care through precise GA estimation.

Abstract The coset construction is a tool for systematically building low energy effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone modes. This technique is typically used to compute time-ordered correlators appropriate for S-matrix computations for systems in their ground state. In this paper, we extend this technique to the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, which enables one to calculate a wider variety of correlators and applies also to systems in a mixed state. We focus our attention on internal symmetries and demonstrate that, after identifying the appropriate symmetry breaking pattern, Schwinger-Keldysh effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone modes can be constructed using the standard rules of the coset construction. Particular emphasis is placed on the thermal state and ensuring that correlators satisfy the KMS relation. We also discuss explicitly the power counting scheme underlying our effective actions. We comment on the similarities and differences between our approach and others that have previously appeared in the literature. In particular, our prescription does not require the introduction of additional “diffusive” symmetries and retains the full non-linear structure generated by the coset construction. We conclude with a series of explicit examples, including a computation of the finite-temperature two-point functions of conserved spin currents in non-relativistic paramagnets, antiferromagnets, and ferromagnets. Along the way, we also clarify the discrete symmetries that set antiferromagnets apart from ferromagnets, and point out that the dynamical KMS symmetry must be implemented in different ways in these two systems.

Introduction Most kidney diseases are associated with the dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), which comprises 3 layers, including the glomerular endothelial cells (GEC), the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) [...], Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a promising in vivo gene delivery platform showing advantages in delivering therapeutic molecules to difficult or undruggable cells. However, natural AAV serotypes have insufficient transduction specificity and efficiency in kidney cells. Here, we developed an evolution-directed selection protocol for renal glomeruli and identified what we believe to be a new vector termed AAV2-GEC that specifically and efficiently targets the glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) after systemic administration and maintains robust GEC tropism in healthy and diseased rodents. AAV2-GEC-mediated delivery of IdeS, a bacterial antibody-cleaving proteinase, provided sustained clearance of kidney-bound antibodies and successfully treated antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in mice. Taken together, this study showcases the potential of AAV as a gene delivery platform for challenging cell types. The development of AAV2-GEC and its successful application in the treatment of antibody-mediated kidney disease represents a significant step forward and opens up promising avenues for kidney medicine.

Abstract Background Regular exercise is essential in the treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), as the main goals of the treatment are to reduce pain, restore function, avoid disability and structural deterioration, and improve quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether patients adhere to exercise recommendations and to evaluate the effects of consistent exercise on patients' pain, function, disease activity, mood, and quality of life. Many studies emphasize the need for exercise in treatment of AS, but none reveal whether patients follow prescribed practices and the results of doing so. Results Exercising group had significantly decreased pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index and Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) scores (p 0.05). Regular exercise was positively correlated with physiotherapy history. Regression analysis revealed that with an increase of 1 unit in visual analog scale and BASDAI, regular exercise decreased by 0.087 and 0.116 units, respectively. Conclusion Our study revealed how much the patients considers and follows the recommended exercises and concluded that regular exercise habits should be developed since they offer promising effects in treatment of AS, hence, patients should be educated in this area, and particular exercise routines should be developed to encourage them to exercise.

Purpose: To assess the predictive capability of hematological inflammatory markers for urethral stricture recurrence after primary urethroplasty and to compare traditional statistical methods with a machine-learning-based artificial intelligence algorithm. Materials and Methods: Two hundred eighty-seven patients who underwent primary urethroplasty were scanned. Ages, smoking status, comorbidities, hematological inflammatory parameters (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios, platelet-lymphocyte ratios [PLR], systemic immune-inflammation indexes [SII], and pan-immune-inflammation values [PIV]), stricture characteristics, history of previous direct-visual internal urethrotomy, urethroplasty techniques, and grafts/flaps placements were collected. Patients were followed up for one year for recurrence and grouped accordingly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to create a predictive model. Additionally, a machine-learning-based logistic regression analysis was implemented to compare predictive performances. p

Ulnar Neuropathy of the Elbow (UNE) is the second most common entrapment neuropathy. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors that may guide diagnosis and treatment by examining the electrodiagnostic (EDX), demographic data and upper extremity-related disability levels of patients with UNE. Demographic characteristics, symptom duration, EDX data and any other accompanying entrapment neuropathy, and the shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Injuries Questionnaire (Quick-DASH) scores were noted. The laterality, localization, factors associated with the severity of UNE, and the impact of the presence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) on disability have been studied in detail. 92 arms of 73 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 47.71±13.99 years. 41 (56.2%) were male and 32 (43.8%) were female. 29 (39.7%) patients had at least one comorbid disease. Of the patients, 30 (41%) had left-sided UNE, 24 (33%) had right-sided UNE and 19 (26%) had bilateral UNE. The median symptom duration was 3 (1-12) months. 28 (38.4%) patients had also CTS. The median Quick-DASH score was 28 (9-80). There was also no significant association between UNE side and age or gender (p=0.439 and p=0.216, respectively). In 62 (67.4%) patients, the site of compression was 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle (ME). Symptom duration was statistically significantly longer in the moderate group than in the mild group, and in the severe group than in the mild UNE group (p [Med-Science 2024; 13(3.000): 616-20]

Introduction Limited data exist on long-term follow-up of severe aortic stenosis (SAS) patients who have undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with a new generation, balloon expandable Myval transcatheter heart valve (THV). Thus, we sought to investigate the performance and 2-year clinical outcome of the Myval THV system based on Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 (VARC-3) criteria. Material and methods A multi-centre, registry-based, observational study was conducted, which included 207 consecutive degenerative SAS patients, from Turkey (n = 128), Italy (n = 58), and Greece (n = 21) (mean [standard deviation] 81 (7) years, 94 [45%] men; 73% NYHA III or IV; EuroSCORE II 5.2% [2.4%]); all patients underwent TAVI with Myval. Patients were followed up at 1 year and 2 years after implantation. Clinical and procedural outcomes were defined according to VARC-3 criteria. Results Technical success was observed in 204 (99%), device success was observed in 189 (91%), early safety was observed in 161 (78%), and clinical efficacy was observed in 163 (79%) patients. The 30-day death rate was 7.7%; of these, 3.4% were due to cardiovascular reasons. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were 9.7% and 4.3% at 1-year follow-up, and 17.4% and 9.7% at 2-year follow-up, respectively. Incidence of ≥ moderate paravalvular leak (PVL) at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years of follow-up were 3.4%, 4.3% and 4.8%. A total of 11.1% of patients required a permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) at 30 days after implantation, while the cumulative rate of PPI at 2 years was 12.1%. Conclusions In this cohort of patients with SAS, the Myval was found to be safe and effective in up to 2 years of follow-up.

This research was carried out to investigate of the relationship between the two-dimensional self-esteem perceptions and leadership orientations of the students of the faculty of sports sciences. In this context, the relational survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose of the study, was used in this quantitative study. A total of 323 students, 125 females and 198 males at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bartin University constitute the sample of the research. Convenience sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches, was used in the selection of the research group. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consisted of three parts. The first part includes the "Personal Information Form," the second part includes the "Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem: Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale" and the third part includes the "Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale." The descriptive statistics of the raw data obtained through the questionnaire form were first calculated by considering the data type. Then, the reliability of the scales related to the obtained data were investigated, and the difference and correlation tests were used in the statistical evaluation. In this direction, it has been determined that there are significant correlations within the scope of age and family income level variables. However, there was no significant relationship within the scope of personal income level variable. On the other hand, it was found that there are significant differences in the scope of department and actively doing sports variables. However, it was observed that there were no significant differences in the scope of gender, grade, and place of residence variables. On the other hand, it was determined that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the participants' scores of self-liking and political leadership, human resources leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. In addition, it was found that there were positive and moderately significant correlations between the self-competence scores of the participants and the scores of political leadership, charismatic leadership and structural leadership. On the other hand, it was understood that there was a statistically significant positive and low-level correlation between the participants' self-competence scores and their human resources leadership scores. As a result, it can be said that as the self-esteem of the participants increases, their leadership orientation also increases. In this context, it can be said that increasing the self-esteem of the participants is an important concept in the context of leadership orientations.