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Objectives: Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution is the storage solution used in organ transplantation. However, such solutions cannot completely eliminate tissue damage. Acetyl L-carnitine (Alcar) is a strong antioxidant. In this study we aimed to determine the protective effects of HTK solution prepared with Alcar in kidney tissue. Methods: Twenty-four rats used in this study were divided into 4 groups. Kidneys of rats in groups 1 and 2 were stored for 4 hours in HTK and HTK+Alcar solutions, respectively. Kidneys of rats in groups 3 and 4 were stored for 24 hours in HTK and HTK+Alcar solutions, respectively. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the kidneys were performed. In addition, TUNEL analysis was performed for the evaluation of apoptosis. Results: The findings of histomorphological damage in short-term HTK and HTK+Alcar groups were mild, but it was found widely in long-term HTK and ong-term HTK+Alcar groups on histologic evaluation. When histological scoring was made from kidney sections stained with H&E, the scores in HTK+Alcar groups decreased significantly compared to HTK groups. It was also seen that the score level increased significantly in long-term groups. According to immunohistochemical evaluation, in short- and long-term HTK +Alcar groups, the acetyl-L-carnitine prevented the antiapoptotic mechanisms to be activated and the intense expression of Bcl-2 has not occurred. In short- and long-term HTK groups, osteopontin showed more immunopositive result. Conclusion: It was determined that the modified HTK solution prevented the increase of the activation of the expected oxidant mechanisms resulting in ischemia. This contribution of acetyl-L-carnitine was also found in long-term group findings. © Copyright 2020 by Gazi University Medical Faculty.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prophylactic effects of acetyl L-carnitine against to uterus induced by cisplatin. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) was administered with saline; group II was administered with acetyl L-carnitine; group III was administered with cisplatin; group IV was pretreated with acetyl L-carnitine before cisplatin intraperitoneal injection. After 72h of cisplatin injection uterine tissue was removed. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed, respectively. Results: We found that the number of TUNEL and caspases positive cells were increased in the endometrial epithelium, subepithelial connective tissue, endometrial glands and stroma in group III compare to the other groups. Furthermore inflammation and edema were observed in uterus of rats in group III. Conclusion: We can concluded that pretreatment of acetyl L-carnitine administration has protective effect on histological alteration of uterus caused by cisplatin. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, asetil L-karnitinin, sisplatinin neden olduğu uterus hasarına karşı profilaktik etkilerini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Yirmi dört adet Wistar albino cinsi dişi sıçanlar dört gruba ayrıldı: 1. gruba (kontrol) salin uygulaması yapıldı; 2. gruba asetil L-karnitin uygulaması yapıldı; 3. gruba sisplatin uygulaması yapıldı; 4. grup ise sisplatinin intraperitoneal enjeksiyonu öncesinde asetil L-karnitin ile ön tedaviye tabi tutuldu. Sisplatin enjeksiyonundan 72 saat sonra uterus dokusu çıkarıldı. Histolojik ve immünohistokimyasal incelemeler yapıldı. Bulgular: TUNEL ve kaspaz pozitif hücre sayılarının, diğer gruplara göre 3. grupta endometriyal epitelde, subepitelyal bağ dokusunda, endometriyal bezlerde ve stromada arttığını bulduk. Ayrıca 3. Gruptaki ratların uterusunda inflamasyon ve ödem gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Asetil L-karnitin ön tedavi uygulamasının, sisplatin kaynaklı uterus histolojisinin değişikliği üzerinde koruyucu etkisi olduğu sonucuna vardık.

Objective: At the present times uterus transplantation is an alternative therapy for women with untreatable uterine-based infertility factors. Before transplantation, the donor organ must stored in some solutions, but they may not adequate for protection. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of acetyl L-carnitine, added into histidine-tryptophanketoglutarate (HTK) solution, on rat uterus.Methods: We divided 24 female Wistar Albino rats into four groups (n=6). Their uterine tissues were stored into four different solutions at different periods at 4oC ; Group 1 HTK, 4 hours; Group 2. HTK + acetyl L- carnitine, 4 hours, Group 3. HTK, 24 hours; Group 4. HTK + acetyl L- carnitine, 24 hours. Then tissues from uterus were used for histological and biochemical examination.Results: In the study the number of TUNEL positive cells in group 4 was lower than group 3. Biochemically evaluated TBARS and NOS levels were highest in group 3 however CAT level was highest in group 2.Conclusion: In conclusion, addition of acetyl L-carnitine to HTK solution reversed the histological alterations after 24 hours cold storage on rat uterus.

OBJECTIVE: To examine immunohistochemically the distribution of cell-cycle regulators p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which are in close cooperation with each other in first trimester and term human placentas.

Kemoterapi kanser tedavisinde kullanılan başlıca yöntemlerden birisidir. Ancak kemoterapötik ajanlarlar uzun dönemde çeşitli toksik etkilere neden olmaktadır. Bu toksik etkilerden birisi de gonadotoksik etkilerdir. Ovaryumlar kemoterapötik ilaçlara son derece duyarlıdır. Kemoterapiye bağlı prematür ovarian yetmezlik gibi reprodüktif sorunlar oluşmaktadır. Sisplatin kanser tedavisinde sık kullanılan bir kemoterapötiktir ve ototoksisite, nefrotoksisite gibi ciddi yan etkilere sahiptir. Bunların yanında ovaryumlarda primordial follikül ve granüloza hücre hasarı oluşturması bilinen gonadotoksik etkilerindendir. Kemoterapinin toksik etkilerini önlemek için kemoterapi öncesi oosit ve embriyo dondurma yöntemleri gibi alternatif tedaviler geliştirilmiştir. Bu alternatif tedavilerden birisi antioksidan ajanlardır. Antioksidanların serbest oksijen radikal hasarını önleyici etkileri bulunmaktadır. Serbest oksijen radikallerinin oluşumuna yol açan sisplatinin ovaryumlardaki toksik etkilerini ve bu etkilere karşı bir antioksidan ajan olan asetil L-karnitinin olası koruyucu etkilerini göstermek amacıyla bu çalışma yapılmıştır. Deneyde kullanılan ratlar kontrol, asetil L-karnitin, sisplatin, asetil L-karnitin+sisplatin grupları olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Deney sonrası alınan dokular immünohistokimyasal yöntemlerle değerlendirildi.Deney sonrasında Sisplatin ve Sisplatin+ Asetil L-karnitin gruplarındaki deneklerde sisplatin grubunda daha fazla olmak üzere kilo kaybı gözlendi. Ovaryum rezervini gösteren primordial follikül sayısına bakıldığında sisplatin grubunda diğer gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma belirlendi. İmmünhistokimyasal incelemelerde BMP-6 nın sisplatin grubunda primordial ve primer folliküllerde ifadelenmesi gözlenmedi. Konneksin 43 proteininin ifadelenmesi de Sisplatin grubunda özellikle granüloza hücrelerinde azalmış bulundu. Oositte tutulum gösteren p34cdc2 nin sisplatin grubunda ifedelenmesinin azalması da sisplatinin toksik etkilerini destekledi. Sisplatin+ Asetil L-karnitin grubunda her üç protein için de ifadelenmenin daha iyi olması ve primordial follkül sayılarının sisplatin grubuna göre daha yüksek olması koruyucu etkileri olduğunu düşündürmüştür. Chemotherapy is one of the main therapy procedures in cancer treatment. However, chemotherapeutic agents cause certain toxic effects in the long term. One of these toxic effects is gonadotoxicity. The ovaries are particularly sensitive to chemotherapy. Reproductive problems such as premature ovarian failure occur as a result of chemotherapy. Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy, but it has certain serious side effects as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Besides, other known gonadotoxic effects are granulose cell and primordial follicle damage.Alternative therapy methods such as oocyte and embryo cryopreservation have been developed to prevent toxic effects of chemotherapy. Among these alternative methods is the use of antioxidant agents and they can prevent the damage by free radicals. This study aims to investigate the toxic effect of cisplatin, which causes the formation of free oxygen radicals, on ovaries and possible preservative function of acetyl L-carnitine, an antioxidant agent. Rats used in these experiments were divided into four groups as the control group, acetyl L-carnitine group, cisplatin group, and acetyl L-carnitine+cisplatin group. The tissues removed after the treatments were evaluated by applying morphometric and immunohistochemical methods.Although the evaluation revealed weight loss in cisplatin and cisplatin+acetyl L-carnitine groups, it was greater in the cisplatin group. A significant reduction in primordial follicles was observed in the cisplatin group when compared with other groups. It was seen in immunohistochemical studies that primordial and primer follicles in the cisplatin group did not show BMP-6 expression. It was also seen that connexin 43 protein expression was reduced in granulose cells and p34cdcc2 expression was reduced in oocytes in the cisplatin group. In addition, the reduction in the cisplatin group was evidence for the toxic effects of cisplatin. The expression of these three proteins and primordial follicle numbers in cisplatin+ acetyl L-carnitine group were higher than those in the cisplatin group, which suggests that acetyl L-carnitine has protective effects. 135