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Objective. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common form of autoinflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the small bowel mucosa by capsule endoscopy (CE) in FMF patients for investigation of other possible causes of abdominal pain. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 41 patients with FMF. A standard questionnaire was used to record the gastrointestinal symptoms, other clinical findings, Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) mutations, and history of medications including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Gastroscopy, colonoscopy and small bowel CE were performed in all patients, and biopsies were taken from terminal ileum and duodenum. Results. The mean age of the patients was 34 ± 11 years, 63% of them were female, and 76.5% of them were carrying MEFV exon 10 mutations. Only one patient used NSAIDs in addition to colchicine. In endoscopic investigations, gastric erosion was detected in only one patient, and no significant findings were detected in colonoscopy. CE showed small bowel mucosal defects in 44% (erosions in 26.8%, ulcer in 17.1%) and edema in 29.3% of the patients. Most (64%) of the ulcer and erosions were localized to jejunum, and only 24% were in ileum. Mitotic changes as an indirect finding of colchicine toxicity were not different from the changes observed in samples of independent group of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Conclusion. Mucosal defect was observed in half of the FMF patients, which may be associated with underlying inflammation or chronic colchicine exposure. Detection of nonspecific chronic inflammation without mitotic changes supports that mucosal defects may be associated with the autoinflammatory process. © 2014 Informa Healthcare. Istanbul Üniversitesi Thanks to Mr. David Chapman for language editing. Grant Support: Scientific Research (Project number 27107) from Istanbul University.

Amaç: Diabetes mellitusun en önemli komplikasyonlarından biri diabetik nefropatidir. Kaptopril bir ACE inhibitörüdür ve diabetik nefropati tedavisinde kullanılır. Son yıllarda anjiotensin reseptör antagonistlerinin proteinüriyi önlemek için ACE inhibitörleri gibi etki ettikleri gösterilmiştir. Anjiotensin II-AT1 reseptör antagonisti Losartan, bu çalışma alanında çalışılan yeni bir antihipertansif materyaldir. Nitrik oksit (NO), akut streptozosin verilerek oluşturulan diabetteki, akut meydana gelen hemodinamik Materials and methods: 32 male Wistar rats weighting 140-220 g were used for this study. The rats were made diabetic using a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Rats were divided in to four groups: Group A (n= 8): Control, Group B (n=8): STZ- diabetic control, Group C (n=8): STZ + Losartan (DM+ L) (10 mg/kg/day), Group D (n=8): STZ + Captopril (DM+C) (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. The levels of blood glucose, albuminuria, creatinine clearence was determined. Renal tissue samples were extracted under anesthesia for histopathologic study. Monoclonal antibodie against the following antigen was used: iNOS . Result: At the diabetic control group, the level of albuminuria was increased significantly and was decreased significantly in the Captopril and Losartan given groups (p0.05). The values of creatinine clearence were increased in diabetic control group as compared to control group (p0.05). By immunohistochemistry, iNOS staining was only observed in glomeruli of diabetic control group. Conclusion: Glomerular iNOS expression was enhanced in diabetic nephropathy and the activation of angiotensin II may play a role in this enhancement. Materyal ve metod: Bu çalışmada 140-220 gr ağırlığında 32 adet Wistat ratları kullanılmıştır. Ratlarda tek doz intraperitoneal 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Loui, MO, USA) kullanılarak diabet oluşturulmuştur. Ratlar 4 gruba bölünmüştür: grup A (n=8): Kontrol, grup B (n=8): STZ-diabetik kontrol, grup C (n=8): STZ+Losartan (DM+L) (10 mg/kg/gün), grup D (n=8): STZ+Kaptopril (DM+C) (50 mg/kg/gün). Deney 6 hafta sürdürüldü. Kan şekeri düzeyi, albüminüri, kreatinin kleransı saptandı. Böbrek dokusu örnekleri histopatolojik çalışma için anestezi altında alındı. Monoklonal antikora karşı antijen kullanıldı: iNOS . Sonuçlar: Diabetik kontrol grubunda albiminüri seviyesi anlamlı derecede artmış ve Kaptopril ve Losartan verilen gruplarda önemli derecede azalmıştı (p0.05). Kreatinin kleransinin değeri kontrol grubuna benzer şekilde diabetik kontrol grubunda da artmıştı (p0.05). İmmün dokukimyasal olarak iNOS boyanması diabetik kontrol grubunda sadece glomerüllerde görüldü. Tartışma: Glomerüler iNOS ekspresyonu diabetik nefropatiyi arttırır ve anjiotensin II aktivasyonu bu artmada rol oynayabilir, Objective: One of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor and used in the diabetic nephropathy treatment. In the last years, it has been shown that angiotensin receptor antagonists have similar efficiency as ACE inhibitors for prevention of proteinuria. The angiotensin II-AT1 receptor antagonist Losartan is a new antihypertansive material that has been worked on this field. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional mediator that has been implicated in the short-term hemodynamic alterations that occur acute streptozocin induced değişikliklerde etkisi bulunan çok fonksiyonlu bir mediadiabetes. Nitric oxide is synthesized exclusively from its tördür. Nitrik oksit, nitrik oksit sentez (NOS) enziminin precursor L-arginine under the catalytic effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which there are three isoforms. Diabetic nephropathy represents a complex metabolic arena characterized with patho-physiological events that both stimulate end depress intrarenal NO production. The aim of this study was to assess whether the iNOS pathway is pathologically altered in experimental diabetic nephropathy, and in therapy with ACE inhibitor (Captopril) or angiotensin II-AT1 receptor antagonist (Losartan). Materials and methods: 32 male Wistar rats weighting 140-220 g were used for this study. The rats were made diabetic using a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Rats were divided in to four groups: Group A (n= 8): Control, Group B (n=8): STZ- diabetic control, Group C (n=8): STZ + Losartan (DM+ L) (10 mg/kg/day), Group D (n=8): STZ + Captopril (DM+C) (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. The levels of blood glucose, albuminuria, creatinine clearence was determined. Renal tissue samples were extracted under anesthesia for histopathologic study. Monoclonal antibodie against the following antigen was used: iNOS . Result: At the diabetic control group, the level of albuminuria was increased significantly and was decreased significantly in the Captopril and Losartan given groups (p0.05). The values of creatinine clearence were increased in diabetic control group as compared to control group (p0.05). By immunohistochemistry, iNOS staining was only observed in glomeruli of diabetic control group. Conclusion: Glomerular iNOS expression was enhanced in diabetic nephropathy and the activation of angiotensin II may play a role in this enhancement

[No abstract available]

Background/Aims: Anticoagulant therapy is an accepted treatment for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). However, the natural course of untreated patients is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy on survival in BCS. Methodology: Between 1995 and 2007, 45 patients diagnosed with BCS based on the clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological findings were retrospectively evaluated with respect to underlying disease, therapeutic interventions, complications and overall outcome. Complications and survival during the follow-up period were compared in between anticoagulant treated and untreated cases. Results: Mean patient age was 34.4±11.8 years and 46.7% (21) of them were male. Median follow-up time was 24 months (6-132); 8.9% of patients were diagnosed as acute, 31.1% as subacute and 60% as chronic BCS according to disease duration. Centrilobular necrosis was found in 16 of 36 biopsy performed patients. Etiological factors were detected in 60% of patients and 40% of them were cryptogenic. Twenty four of them received anticoagulant therapy, the remaining 21 were followed-up with supportive medical therapy. Five patients who had shunt operation were excluded for survival analyses. Complications were similar between treated and untreated cases (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between survival and centrilobular necrosis (r=0.376, p=0.037). The mean survival periods were 95.5 months (%95 CI 73-117 months) and 72.5 months (%95 CI 42-103 months) in anticoagulant treated and untreated patients, respectively (p>0.246). Conclusion: Most patients with BCS are admitted to hospital at the chronic stage and more than half of them have underlying thrombotic risk factor. In our study, no beneficial effects of anticoagulant therapy were observed on the survival and complications of liver disease. © H.G.E. Update Medical Publishing S.A.

Aim: Vascular endothelial growth factor production is decreased depending on the alveolar epithelial cell damage. Acute over expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in lung tissue contributes to the formation permeability. Excessive doses of acetylsalicylate (ASA) may induce pulmonary edema by increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. In this study, the effects of acetylsalicylate overdoses were evaluated on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were divided into six different sets consisting of 7 rats each for control, ASA-300, ASA-500, LPS, LPS+ASA-300 and LPS+ASA-500 series. ASA, 300 mg and 500 mg/kg doses were given by gavage. Acetylsalicylate was given 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide injection in LPS+ASA groups. Rats were sacrificed 6 hours after acetylsalicylate administration and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Results: In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and nitric oxide levels were increased in group of ASA-500, and were decreased in groups of LPS+ASA. In addition, plasma salicylate half-life was prolonged in LPS+ASA groups. Conlusion: Lipopolysaccharide increases the time of being metabolized of acetylsalicylate. The lung tissue damage increases due to vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and nitric oxide related mechanisms and recovery period is affected adversely. Also in humans, severe toxic effects on the lung tissue that can be generated by 300 and 500 mg/kg acetylsalicylate doses in rats showed less toxic effect. © TurkJBiochem.com.

PubMed: 17518348, Diabetes mellitus induces a decrease in sodium potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ - ATPase) activity in several tissues in the rat and red blood cells (RBC) and nervous tissue in human patients. This decrease in Na+/K+ - ATPase activity is thought to play a role in the development of long term complications of the disease. Angiotensin enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-II receptor antagonists (ARBs) reduce proteinuria and retard the progression of renal failure in patients with IDDM and diabetic rats. We investigated the effects of captopril and losartan, which are used in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, on Na+/K+ - ATPase activity. Captopril had an inhibitory effect on red cell plasma membrane Na+/ K+ ATPase activity, but losartan did not. Our study draws attention to the inhibitory effect of captopril on Na+/ K+ ATPase activity. Micro and macro vascular complications are preceeding mortality and morbidity causes in diabetes mellitus. There is a strong relationship between the decrease in Na+/ K+ ATPase activity and hypertension. The non-sulphydryl containing ACEi and ARBs must be the choice of treatment in hypertensive diabetic patients and diabetic nephropathy.

[No abstract available]

WOS: A1994MU08100005, …

In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the importance and utility of polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) found on the human X chromosome and to provide the first allelic frequency data of X-STR (X chromosomal) loci in the Turkish population. Blood samples were taken from unrelated individuals (135 males and 129 females) from different regions of the country. Primers were designed according to gene bank data (www.gdb.org) and synthesised by the Köln Blutgruppen Institute. The primers amplified the following loci on the X chromosome: DXS8377, DXS101, DXS6789, STRX-1 and HUMHPRTB. Our data showed that two loci, DXS8377 and DX101, had the highest number of alleles (18) and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values of these loci were 0.9 and 0.87, respectively and were higher than those of other loci. In the other loci examined, 11 (STRX1), 10 (DXS6789) and 9 (HPRTB) alleles were detected and the PIC values of these loci were 0.78, 0.68 and 0.70, respectively. The highest (0.899) and lowest (0.674) rate of heterozygosity was found in the DXS8377 and HPRTB loci, respectively. In all loci, the power of discrimination for female (PDF) values were higher than the power of discrimination for male (PDM) values. The locus with the highest PDF value was DXS8377 (0.9841). The mean exclusion change (MEC) value of this locus also proved to be the highest for both fathermother- child and father-child. The locus with the lowest MEC value was DXS6789. To use calculations of probabilities of genetic results for forensic purposes, allelic frequencies in individuals in the community should be determined. Our study provides the first data from the Turkish population.Key words: X chromosomal (X-STR), forensic genetics, forensic sciences, DNA, kinship testing, paternity.

Background: colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer worldwide. An early diagnosis and detection of colon cancer and polyp can reduce mortality and morbidity from colorectal cancer. Even though there are a variety of options in screening tests, the question remains on which test is the most effective for the early detection of colorectal cancer. In this prospective study, we aimed to develop a simple, useful, effective, and reliable scoring system to detect colon polyp and colorectal cancer. Methods: we enrolled 6508 subjects over the age of 18 from 16 centers, with colonoscopy screening. The age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, polyp incidence, polyp size, number and localization, and pathologic findings were recorded. Results: the age, male gender, obesity, smoking, and family history were found as independent risk factors for adenomatous polyp. We have developed a new scoring system which can be used for these factors. With a score of 4 or above, we found the following: sensitivity 81%, specificity 40%, positive predictive value 25.68%, and negative predictive value 89.84%, for adenomatous polyp detection; and sensitivity 96%, specificity 39%, positive predictive value 3.35%, negative predictive value 99.29%, for colorectal cancer detection. Conclusion: even though the first colorectal cancer screening worldwide is generally performed for individuals over 50 years of age, we recommend that screening for colorectal cancer might begin for those under 50 years of age as well. Individuals with a score ? 4 must be included in the screening tests for colorectal cancer., NA

Surgical resection is an unavoidable part of the current treatment options for Crohn's disease (CD), and more than half of patients develop recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors for recurrence in the long-term follow-up of CD patients after surgery. Medical records of consecutive CD patients who were operated on between January 2003 and January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Recurrence was evaluated based on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index or endoscopic findings. The majority of 112 patients were males (n = 64, 57.1%), and 61 (54.4%) of them were active smokers. The median follow-up was 113 (range: 61-197) months. Disease recurrence occurred in 16 (14.3%) patients at a median of 13.5 months. The endoscopic recurrence rate was 8% (n = 9) at 1 year, 12.5% (n = 14) at 5 years, and 13.4% (n = 15) at 10 years. One (0.9%) patient underwent colonoscopic balloon dilatation at 1 year, and 7 (6.3%) patients needed re-resection at a median of 36 months. The age of the patient at the time of diagnosis (P = .033), penetrating disease behavior (P = .011), intra-abdominal abscess (P = 0.040) and, concomitant fistula and intra-abdominal abscess (P = .017) were associated with disease recurrence. Our study results suggest that the patients' age at the time of diagnosis, penetrating disease, intra-abdominal abscess, and concomitant fistula and abscess are the risk factors for CD recurrence after surgery., NA