4,261 results on '"Aksnes, A."'
Search Results
2. Biallelic NAA60 variants with impaired n-terminal acetylation capacity cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcifications.
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Chelban, Viorica, Aksnes, Henriette, Maroofian, Reza, LaMonica, Lauren, Seabra, Luis, Siggervåg, Anette, Devic, Perrine, Shamseldin, Hanan, Vandrovcova, Jana, Murphy, David, Richard, Anne-Claire, Quenez, Olivier, Bonnevalle, Antoine, Zanetti, M, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Schottlaender, Lucia, Morsy, Heba, Scardamaglia, Annarita, Tariq, Ambreen, Pagnamenta, Alistair, Pennavaria, Ajia, Krogstad, Liv, Bekkelund, Åse, Caiella, Alessia, Glomnes, Nina, Brønstad, Kirsten, Tury, Sandrine, Moreno De Luca, Andrés, Boland-Auge, Anne, Olaso, Robert, Deleuze, Jean-François, Anheim, Mathieu, Cretin, Benjamin, Vona, Barbara, Alajlan, Fahad, Abdulwahab, Firdous, Battini, Jean-Luc, İpek, Rojan, Bauer, Peter, Zifarelli, Giovanni, Gungor, Serdal, Kurul, Semra, Lochmuller, Hanns, Daas, Sahar, Fakhro, Khalid, Gómez-Pascual, Alicia, Botía, Juan, Wood, Nicholas, Horvath, Rita, Ernst, Andreas, Rothman, James, McEntagart, Meriel, Crow, Yanick, Alkuraya, Fowzan, Nicolas, Gaël, Arnesen, Thomas, and Houlden, Henry
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Humans ,Acetylation ,Brain ,Brain Diseases ,Inheritance Patterns ,Mutation ,Phosphates ,Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins ,Type III - Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterized by calcium deposition in the brain, causing progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. PFBC is a heterogeneous disorder currently linked to variants in six different genes, but most patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we identify biallelic NAA60 variants in ten individuals from seven families with autosomal recessive PFBC. The NAA60 variants lead to loss-of-function with lack of protein N-terminal (Nt)-acetylation activity. We show that the phosphate importer SLC20A2 is a substrate of NAA60 in vitro. In cells, loss of NAA60 caused reduced surface levels of SLC20A2 and a reduction in extracellular phosphate uptake. This study establishes NAA60 as a causal gene for PFBC, provides a possible biochemical explanation of its disease-causing mechanisms and underscores NAA60-mediated Nt-acetylation of transmembrane proteins as a fundamental process for healthy neurobiological functioning.
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- 2024
3. Exploring the Relationship between Departmental Characteristics and Research Performance
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Dag W. Aksnes, Siri Brorstad Borlaug, Thea Eide, and Bjørn Stensaker
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Many recent higher education reforms worldwide have been legitimated by their potential impact on the performance of universities and colleges. However, we know less about the actual impact of the changes implemented. This article examines the extent to which research performance can be associated with specific organizational characteristics at the department level. The analysis is based on Norwegian university departments, where high- and low-performing departments have been selected as cases for further investigations. The policy context is the organizational reform in Norway from 2016 onwards aiming at reorganizing the higher education landscape through institutional mergers. The key findings indicate that there are few distinct departmental characteristics associated with research performance, such as elected or appointed leadership, single or multi-campus organization, or departmental size. However, the study reveals that highly productive individuals do matter and suggests that cultural dimensions and working conditions may be interesting factors to pursue in further research.
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- 2024
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4. Cohomologically tropical varieties
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Aksnes, Edvard, Amini, Omid, Piquerez, Matthieu, and Shaw, Kris
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Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,14T05 (Primary), 14C30, 14F99 (Secondary) - Abstract
Given the tropicalization of a complex subvariety of the torus, we define a morphism between the tropical cohomology and the rational cohomology of their respective tropical compactifications. We say that the subvariety of the torus is cohomologically tropical if this map is an isomorphism for all closed strata of the tropical compactification. We prove that a sch\"on subvariety of the torus is cohomologically tropical if and only if it is wundersch\"on and its tropicalization is a tropical homology manifold. The former property means that the open strata in the boundary of a tropical compactification are all connected and the mixed Hodge structures on their cohomology are pure of maximum possible weight; the latter property requires that, locally, the tropicalization verifies tropical Poincar\'e duality. We study other properties of cohomologically tropical and wundersch\"on varieties, and show that in a semistable degeneration to an arrangement of cohomologically tropical varieties, the Hodge numbers of the smooth fibers are captured in the tropical cohomology of the tropicalization. This extends the results of Itenberg, Katzarkov, Mikhalkin, and Zharkov., Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, comments welcome!
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- 2023
5. The role of functional emotion circuits in distinct dimensions of psychopathology in youth
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Valerie Karl, Haakon Engen, Dani Beck, Linn B. Norbom, Lia Ferschmann, Eira R. Aksnes, Rikka Kjelkenes, Irene Voldsbekk, Ole A. Andreassen, Dag Alnæs, Cecile D. Ladouceur, Lars T. Westlye, and Christian K. Tamnes
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Several mental disorders emerge during childhood or adolescence and are often characterized by socioemotional difficulties, including alterations in emotion perception. Emotional facial expressions are processed in discrete functional brain modules whose connectivity patterns encode emotion categories, but the involvement of these neural circuits in psychopathology in youth is poorly understood. This study examined the associations between activation and functional connectivity patterns in emotion circuits and psychopathology during development. We used task-based fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 1221, 8–23 years) and conducted generalized psycho-physiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Measures of psychopathology were derived from an independent component analysis of questionnaire data. The results showed positive associations between identifying fearful, sad, and angry faces and depressive symptoms, and a negative relationship between sadness recognition and positive psychosis symptoms. We found a positive main effect of depressive symptoms on BOLD activation in regions overlapping with the default mode network, while individuals reporting higher levels of norm-violating behavior exhibited emotion-specific lower functional connectivity within regions of the salience network and between modules that overlapped with the salience and default mode network. Our findings illustrate the relevance of functional connectivity patterns underlying emotion processing for behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
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- 2024
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6. Sex-specific associations of kynurenic acid with neopterin in Alzheimer’s disease
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Anne-Brita Knapskog, Trine Holt Edwin, Per Magne Ueland, Arve Ulvik, Evandro Fei Fang, Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm, Nathalie Bodd Halaas, Lasse M. Giil, Ingvild Saltvedt, Leiv Otto Watne, and Mari Aksnes
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Alzheimer disease ,Biomarkers ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Kynurenic acid ,Kynurenine pathway ,Longitudinal case control study ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Sex differences in neuroinflammation could contribute to women’s increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), providing rationale for exploring sex-specific AD biomarkers. In AD, dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) contributes to neuroinflammation and there is some evidence of sex differences in KP metabolism. However, the sex-specific associations between KP metabolism and biomarkers of AD and neuroinflammation need to be explored further. Methods Here we investigate sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of seven KP metabolites and sex-specific associations with established AD biomarkers and neopterin, an indicator of neuroinflammation. This study included 311 patients with symptomatic AD and 105 age-matched cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls, followed for up to 5 years. Results We found sex differences in KP metabolites in the AD group, with higher levels of most metabolites in men, while there were no sex differences in the CU group. In line with this, more KP metabolites were significantly altered in AD men compared to CU men, and there was a trend in the same direction in AD women. Furthermore, we found sex-specific associations between kynurenic acid and the kynurenic acid/quinolinic acid ratio with neopterin, but no sex differences in the associations between KP metabolites and clinical progression. Discussion In our cohort, sex differences in KP metabolites were restricted to AD patients. Our results suggest that dysregulation of the KP due to increased inflammation could contribute to higher AD risk in women.
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- 2024
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7. The role of functional emotion circuits in distinct dimensions of psychopathology in youth
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Karl, Valerie, Engen, Haakon, Beck, Dani, Norbom, Linn B., Ferschmann, Lia, Aksnes, Eira R., Kjelkenes, Rikka, Voldsbekk, Irene, Andreassen, Ole A., Alnæs, Dag, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Westlye, Lars T., and Tamnes, Christian K.
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- 2024
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8. Differences in metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the cerebrospinal fluid are associated with delirium
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Aksnes, Mari, Schibstad, Mari Haavig, Chaudhry, Farrukh Abbas, Neerland, Bjørn Erik, Caplan, Gideon, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Eldholm, Rannveig S., Myrstad, Marius, Edwin, Trine Holt, Persson, Karin, Idland, Ane-Victoria, Pollmann, Christian Thomas, Olsen, Roy Bjørkholt, Wyller, Torgeir Bruun, Zetterberg, Henrik, Cunningham, Emma, and Watne, Leiv Otto
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- 2024
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9. Differences in metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the cerebrospinal fluid are associated with delirium
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Mari Aksnes, Mari Haavig Schibstad, Farrukh Abbas Chaudhry, Bjørn Erik Neerland, Gideon Caplan, Ingvild Saltvedt, Rannveig S. Eldholm, Marius Myrstad, Trine Holt Edwin, Karin Persson, Ane-Victoria Idland, Christian Thomas Pollmann, Roy Bjørkholt Olsen, Torgeir Bruun Wyller, Henrik Zetterberg, Emma Cunningham, and Leiv Otto Watne
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The aetiology of delirium is not known, but pre-existing cognitive impairment is a predisposing factor. Here we explore the associations between delirium and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), proteins with important roles in both acute injury and chronic neurodegeneration. Methods Using a 13-plex Discovery Assay®, we quantified CSF levels of 9 MMPs and 4 TIMPs in 280 hip fracture patients (140 with delirium), 107 cognitively unimpaired individuals, and 111 patients with Alzheimer’s disease dementia. The two delirium-free control groups without acute trauma were included to unravel the effects of acute trauma (hip fracture), dementia, and delirium. Results Here we show that delirium is associated with higher levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2; a trend suggests lower levels of TIMP-4 are also associated with delirium. Most delirium patients had pre-existing dementia and low TIMP-4 is the only marker associated with delirium in adjusted analyses. MMP-2, MMP-12, and TIMP-1 levels are clearly higher in the hip fracture patients than in both control groups and several other MMP/TIMPs are impacted by acute trauma or dementia status. Conclusions Several CSF MMP/TIMPs are significantly associated with delirium in hip fracture patients, but alterations in most of these MMP/TIMPs could likely be explained by acute trauma and/or pre-fracture dementia. Low levels of TIMP-4 appear to be directly associated with delirium, and the role of this marker in delirium pathophysiology should be further explored.
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- 2024
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10. Provincial Intra-Action Review of the COVID-19 Vaccination Programme: Opportunities to Improve Vaccine Response in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Kabamba Nzaji M, Kapit AM, Stolka KB, Fezeu Meyou S, Kasendue CK, Dahlke M, Perry RT, Doshi RH, Aksnes BN, Luce RR, Bateyi Mustafa SH, Mwina-Ngoie CK, Aimé CMWB, MacDonald PDM, and Standley CJ
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covid-19 ,intra-action review ,covid-19 vaccination ,public health preparedness and response ,democratic republic of congo ,public health emergency management ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Michel Kabamba Nzaji,1 Anselme Manyong Kapit,1 Kristen B Stolka,2 Shanice Fezeu Meyou,2 Charlie K Kasendue,3 Melissa Dahlke,4 Robert T Perry,4 Reena H Doshi,4 Brooke Noel Aksnes,4 Richard R Luce,3 Stephane Hans Bateyi Mustafa,5 Crispin Kazadi Mwina-Ngoie,5 Cikomola Mwana Wa Bene Aimé,5 Pia DM MacDonald,1,6 Claire J Standley7,8 1Social, Statistical, & Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 2Social, Statistical, & Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States America; 3Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 4Global Immunization Division (GID), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States America; 5Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), Ministry of Public Health & Hygiene, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 6Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States America; 7Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States America; 8Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyCorrespondence: Michel Kabamba Nzaji, RTI International, Social, Statistical, & Environmental Sciences, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tel +243978467432, Email michelnzaji@yahoo.frBackground: Low levels of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in many countries prompted the use of rapid assessments to characterize barriers to vaccination and identify corrective measures. The World Health Organization recommended the use of intra-action reviews (IARs) to identify best practices, gaps, and lessons learned to make real-time improvements to the COVID-19 vaccination response.Objective: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) implemented a national IAR in July 2021 that was poorly attended by the provincial health level, where vaccination activities are planned and implemented. To bridge this gap, we proposed sub-national IARs focused on COVID-19 vaccine program implementation at the provincial level.Methods: Using the WHO methodology, we organized a four-day provincial IAR workshop and invited national, provincial and health zone Ministry of Health (MoH) representatives and private and non-governmental organizations involved in the provincial COVID-19 vaccination response. Participants were divided into six groups based on their expertise, affiliation, and role within the health system to assess and identify lessons learned, challenges and the solutions within each of the six technical areas: (1) coordination, planning and monitoring; (2) service delivery; (3) risk communication and community engagement; (4) adverse effects following immunization (AEFI); (5) logistics; (6) and data management, monitoring and evaluation.Results: The first provincial COVID-19 IAR was conducted in Goma, North Kivu, from January 19– 22, 2022. A total of 56 participants came from provincial and health zone offices, and non-governmental organizations. Through work group discussions, they identified best practices, challenges, and lessons learned, and made recommendations to improve implementation of vaccination activities and reach coverage targets. Activities were proposed to operationalize recommendations and address challenges to improve the provincial response.Conclusion: This provincial IAR was a useful tool for reviewing progress and areas of improvement, while evaluating aspects of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. It provided a means to share information with vaccination partners on areas of intervention, tailored to the local context.Keywords: COVID-19, intra-action review, COVID-19 vaccination, public health preparedness and response, Democratic Republic of Congo, public health emergency management
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- 2024
11. Explaining research performance: investigating the importance of motivation
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Svartefoss, Silje Marie, Jungblut, Jens, Aksnes, Dag W., Kolltveit, Kristoffer, and van Leeuwen, Thed
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- 2024
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12. Boundary-crossing ICT use – A scoping review of the current literature and a road map for future research
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Wendy Nilsen, Tanja Nordberg, Ida Drange, Nina Mareen Junker, Siri Yde Aksnes, Amanda Cooklin, Eunae Cho, Laurence Marie Anna Habib, Stacey Hokke, Julie B. Olson-Buchanan, and Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm
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Work-family interface ,Boundary management ,Boundary-crossing ,Information communication technology (ICT) ,Flexibility ,Scoping review ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Research on the use of digital devices to conduct tasks across work and non-work domains (i.e., boundary-crossing ICT use) grows rapidly. To gain an overview of this expanding field, we conducted a systematic search in 14 databases (e.g., WoS, PsycINFO) for studies examining the outcomes of performing 1) work-related tasks during non-work time and 2) non-work tasks during work time. After screening 17,388 abstracts, 398 were read in full text, and 159 publications were included. Most studies used cross-sectional interviews or self-report survey data of employees in high-income countries. The work-family interface, individual work and health outcomes were commonly studied, while family and organizational outcomes received little attention. Moreover, research with a multilevel perspective and studies examining objective outcomes (e.g., divorce, sick leave) were scarce and the performance of non-work tasks during work time was often ignored. Despite the burgeoning literature, there is an urgent need to arrive at a common conceptualization and operationalization of boundary-crossing ICT use to be able to compare findings across studies and disciplines. We suggest a new definition and future agenda to contribute to a deeper understanding of the field.
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- 2024
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13. Biallelic NAA60 variants with impaired N-terminal acetylation capacity cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcifications
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Viorica Chelban, Henriette Aksnes, Reza Maroofian, Lauren C. LaMonica, Luis Seabra, Anette Siggervåg, Perrine Devic, Hanan E. Shamseldin, Jana Vandrovcova, David Murphy, Anne-Claire Richard, Olivier Quenez, Antoine Bonnevalle, M. Natalia Zanetti, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Vincenzo Salpietro, Stephanie Efthymiou, Lucia V. Schottlaender, Heba Morsy, Annarita Scardamaglia, Ambreen Tariq, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Ajia Pennavaria, Liv S. Krogstad, Åse K. Bekkelund, Alessia Caiella, Nina Glomnes, Kirsten M. Brønstad, Sandrine Tury, Andrés Moreno De Luca, Anne Boland-Auge, Robert Olaso, Jean-François Deleuze, Mathieu Anheim, Benjamin Cretin, Barbara Vona, Fahad Alajlan, Firdous Abdulwahab, Jean-Luc Battini, Rojan İpek, Peter Bauer, Giovanni Zifarelli, Serdal Gungor, Semra Hiz Kurul, Hanns Lochmuller, Sahar I. Da’as, Khalid A. Fakhro, Alicia Gómez-Pascual, Juan A. Botía, Nicholas W. Wood, Rita Horvath, Andreas M. Ernst, James E. Rothman, Meriel McEntagart, Yanick J. Crow, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Gaël Nicolas, SYNaPS Study Group, Thomas Arnesen, and Henry Houlden
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterized by calcium deposition in the brain, causing progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. PFBC is a heterogeneous disorder currently linked to variants in six different genes, but most patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we identify biallelic NAA60 variants in ten individuals from seven families with autosomal recessive PFBC. The NAA60 variants lead to loss-of-function with lack of protein N-terminal (Nt)-acetylation activity. We show that the phosphate importer SLC20A2 is a substrate of NAA60 in vitro. In cells, loss of NAA60 caused reduced surface levels of SLC20A2 and a reduction in extracellular phosphate uptake. This study establishes NAA60 as a causal gene for PFBC, provides a possible biochemical explanation of its disease-causing mechanisms and underscores NAA60-mediated Nt-acetylation of transmembrane proteins as a fundamental process for healthy neurobiological functioning.
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- 2024
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14. Low-loss hybrid germanium-on-zinc selenide waveguides in the longwave infrared
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Ren Dingding, Dong Chao, Høvik Jens, Khan Md Istiak, Aksnes Astrid, Fimland Bjørn-Ove, and Burghoff David
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longwave infrared ,germanium ,zinc selenide ,integrated photonics ,quantum cascade laser ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The longwave infrared (LWIR) range, which spans from 6 µm to 14 µm, is appealing for sensing due to strong molecular fingerprints in this range. However, the limited availability of low-loss materials that can provide higher-index waveguiding and lower-index cladding in the LWIR range presents challenges for integrated photonics. In this work, we introduce a low-loss germanium-on-zinc selenide (GOZ) platform that could serve as a versatile platform for nanophotonics in the LWIR. By bonding high-quality thin-film germanium (Ge) to a zinc selenide (ZnSe) substrate, we demonstrate transparency from 2 µm to 14 µm and optical losses of just 1 cm−1 at 7.8 µm. Our results demonstrate that hybrid photonic platforms could be invaluable for overcoming the losses of epitaxially grown materials and could enable a wide range of future quantum and nonlinear photonics.
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- 2024
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15. Inverse Effective Index Method for Two-Dimensional Simulations of Photonic Components
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Jens Hovik and Astrid Aksnes
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Effective medium theory ,electromagnetic optics ,photonic integrated circuits ,propagation methods ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
The representation of three-dimensional integrated photonic structures in two-dimensional designs has been investigated through finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics. The accuracy of the effective index method for various waveguide designs is studied. An alternative to the effective index method, here named the inverse effective index method, is derived in this paper. The results indicate that the commonly used effective index method has a deviation in propagation constant up to 17%, where the error is largest for low-confinement factor waveguides. The inverse effective index method vastly reduces this error to $< $0.01% for low confinement-factor geometries. This enables an accurate simulation in two-dimensions while retaining the waveguiding properties of the third dimension. As with the effective index method, the inverse effective index method does not require proprietary software.
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- 2024
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16. Sustainable Employment for People with Disabilities: A Scoping Review on Workplace Practices and Positive Employment Outcomes
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Siri Yde Aksnes and Julie Ulstein
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disability ,positive employment outcomes ,scoping review ,sustainable employment ,workplace practices ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This is a scoping review of literature on positive employment outcomes for people with disabilities (PWD) and stakeholders in the organization. The aim is to investigate the connection between workplace practices and positive employment outcomes contributing to sustainable employment. Methodologically, the scoping process commenced with four electronic databases and resulted in a total of 42 articles. We identified seven categories of workplace practices that contributed to positive employment outcomes: accommodation, cultural practices, human resource management (HRM) practices, leadership, participation, support, and training. We identified five categories of positive employment outcomes: employment experiences of PWD, employment outcomes of PWD, employment outcomes of stakeholders in the organizations, work performance, and organizational outcomes. The article discusses the findings in relation to studies on employment of PWD which often focus on discrimination and barriers faced by PWD. The scoping process revealed a research gap where the majority of articles described positive employment experiences of PWD, while only a few articles described positive employment experiences of stakeholders in the organization. We propose that future research focus on workplace practices that can advance our theoretical and empirical understanding of what contributes to sustainable employment of PWD.
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- 2024
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17. Boundary-crossing ICT use – A scoping review of the current literature and a road map for future research
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Nilsen, Wendy, Nordberg, Tanja, Drange, Ida, Junker, Nina Mareen, Aksnes, Siri Yde, Cooklin, Amanda, Cho, Eunae, Habib, Laurence Marie Anna, Hokke, Stacey, Olson-Buchanan, Julie B., and Bernstrøm, Vilde Hoff
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- 2024
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18. Samarbeid om arbeidsinkluderingEr Lipskys perspektiver fortsatt relevante?
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Siri Yde Aksnes
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Lipsky ,arbeidsinkludering ,nye roller ,brobygging ,activation ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,HV1-9960 - Abstract
Teorien om bakkebyråkratiet fremstår nærmest som en standardreferanse for forskere som studerer førstelinjen på arbeidsinkluderingsfeltet. I artikkelen drøfter jeg hvorvidt teorien egner seg til å analysere nye og mer grenseoverskridende roller som har vokst frem som respons på en mer samarbeidsorientert og arbeidsgiverrettet inkluderingspolitikk. Én slik rolle er såkalte næringslivskonsulenter, som jobber som bindeledd mellom tiltaksbedrifter og arbeidsgivere. Teoriens styrke er at den får frem dynamikken mellom dilemmaene på bakkeplan og den overordnede politikken. Teoriens begrensning knyttes til at arbeidsinkludering i stor grad foregår utenfor Nav-kontoret, og at det derfor gir begrenset verdi å forstå de nye rollene innenfor en avgrenset byråkratisk kontekst. I artikkelen foreslår jeg å i større grad benytte nyutviklede bakkebyråkratiperspektiver samt perspektiver på boundary spanning (brobygging) for å få frem aktørskap, kreativitet og nye initiativer og løsninger som forekommer på arbeidsinkluderingsfeltet.
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- 2023
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19. Tropical Poincar\'e duality spaces
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Aksnes, Edvard
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Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,14T05, 55N35, 52B99 - Abstract
The tropical fundamental class of a rational balanced polyhedral fan induces cap products between tropical cohomology and tropical Borel-Moore homology. When all these cap products are isomorphisms, the fan is said to be a tropical Poincar\'e duality space. If all the stars of faces also are such spaces, such as for fans of matroids, the fan is called a local tropical Poincar\'e duality space. In this article, we first give some necessary conditions for fans to be tropical Poincar\'e duality spaces and a classification in dimension one. Next, we prove that tropical Poincar\'e duality for the stars of all faces of dimension greater than zero and a vanishing condition implies tropical Poincar\'e duality of the fan. This leads to necessary and sufficient conditions for a fan to be a local tropical Poincar\'e duality space. Finally, we use such fans to show that certain abstract balanced polyhedral spaces satisfy tropical Poincar\'e duality., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures
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- 2021
20. Identifying Gender Disparities in Research Performance: The Importance of Comparing Apples with Apples
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Nygaard, Lynn P., Aksnes, Dag W., and Piro, Fredrik Niclas
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Many studies on research productivity and performance suggest that men consistently outperform women. However, women and men are spread unevenly throughout the academy both horizontally (e.g., by scientific field) and vertically (e.g., by academic position), suggesting that aggregate numbers (comparing all men with all women) may reflect the different publication practices in different corners of the academy rather than gender per se. We use Norwegian bibliometric data to examine how the "what" (which publication practices are measured) and the "who" (how the population sample is disaggregated) matter in assessing apparent gender differences among academics in Norway. We investigate four clusters of indicators related to publication volume, publication type, authorship, and impact or quality (12 indicators in total) and explore how disaggregating the population by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level. For most (but not all) indicators, we find that gender differences disappear or are strongly reduced after disaggregation. This suggests a composition effect, whereby apparent gender differences in productivity can to a considerable degree be ascribed to the composition of the group examined and the different publication practices common to specific groups. We argue that aggregate figures can exaggerate some gender disparities while obscuring others. Our study illustrates the situated nature of research productivity and the importance of comparing men and women within similar academic positions or scientific fields--of comparing apples with apples--when using bibliometric indicators to identify gender disparities in research productivity.
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- 2022
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21. Loss of N-terminal acetyltransferase A activity induces thermally unstable ribosomal proteins and increases their turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Guzman, Ulises H., Aksnes, Henriette, Ree, Rasmus, Krogh, Nicolai, Jakobsson, Magnus E., Jensen, Lars J., Arnesen, Thomas, and Olsen, Jesper V.
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- 2023
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22. Author Correction: Exploiting the potential of commercial digital holographic microscopy by combining it with 3D matrix cell culture assays
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Hellesvik, Monica, Øye, Hanne, and Aksnes, Henriette
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- 2023
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23. Sex-specific associations of matrix metalloproteinases in Alzheimer’s disease
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Aksnes, Mari, Edwin, Trine H., Saltvedt, Ingvild, Eldholm, Rannveig S., Chaudhry, Farrukh A., Halaas, Nathalie B., Myrstad, Marius, Watne, Leiv O., and Knapskog, Anne-Brita
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- 2023
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24. Recommendations for a Better Understanding of Sex and Gender in the Neuroscience of Mental Health
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Lara Marise Wierenga, Amber Ruigrok, Eira Ranheim Aksnes, Claudia Barth, Dani Beck, Sarah Burke, Arielle Crestol, Lina van Drunen, Maria Ferrara, Liisa Ann Margaret Galea, Anne-Lise Goddings, Markus Hausmann, Inka Homanen, Ineke Klinge, Ann-Marie de Lange, Lieke Ouwerkerk, Anna van der Miesen, Ricarda Proppert, Carlotta Rieble, Christian Krog Tamnes, and Marieke Geerte Nynke Bos
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Brain ,Gender ,Mental health ,Neurodiverse conditions ,Sex ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
There are prominent sex/gender differences in the prevalence, expression, and life span course of mental health and neurodiverse conditions. However, the underlying sex- and gender-related mechanisms and their interactions are still not fully understood. This lack of knowledge has harmful consequences for those with mental health problems. Therefore, we set up a cocreation session in a 1-week workshop with a multidisciplinary team of 25 researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to identify the main barriers in sex and gender research in the neuroscience of mental health. Based on this work, here we provide recommendations for methodologies, translational research, and stakeholder involvement. These include guidelines for recording, reporting, analysis beyond binary groups, and open science. Improved understanding of sex- and gender-related mechanisms in neuroscience may benefit public health because this is an important step toward precision medicine and may function as an archetype for studying diversity.
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- 2024
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25. Beyond essentialism
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Nygaard, Lynn P., primary, Aksnes, Dag W., additional, and Piro, Fredrik Niclas, additional
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- 2023
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26. The EMPATHIC Project: Building an Expressive, Advanced Virtual Coach to Improve Independent Healthy-Life-Years of the Elderly
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Brinkschulte, Luisa, Mariacher, Natascha, Schlögl, Stephan, Torres, María Inés, Justo, Raquel, Olaso, Javier Mikel, Esposito, Anna, Cordasco, Gennaro, Chollet, Gérard, Glackin, Cornelius, Pickard, Colin, Petrovska-Delacretaz, Dijana, Hmani, Mohamed Amine, Mtibaa, Ayment, Fernandez, Anaïs, Kyslitska, Daria, Fernandez-Ruanova, Begoña, Tenorio-Laranga, Jofre, Aksnes, Mari, Korsnes, Maria Stylianou, Reiner, Miriam, Lindner, Fredrik, Deroo, Olivier, and Gordeeva, Olga
- Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
This paper outlines the EMPATHIC Research & Innovation project, which aims to research, innovate, explore and validate new interaction paradigms and plat-forms for future generations of Personalized Virtual Coaches to assist elderly people living independently at and around their home. Innovative multimodal face analytics, adaptive spoken dialogue systems, and natural language inter-faces are part of what the project investigates and innovates, aiming to help dependent aging persons and their carers. It will uses remote, non-intrusive technologies to extract physiological markers of emotional states and adapt respective coach responses. In doing so, it aims to develop causal models for emotionally believable coach-user interactions, which shall engage elders and thus keep off loneliness, sustain health, enhance quality of life, and simplify access to future telecare services. Through measurable end-user validations performed in Spain, Norway and France (and complementary user evaluations in Italy), the proposed methods and solutions will have to demonstrate useful-ness, reliability, flexibility and robustness., Comment: 16 pages
- Published
- 2021
27. Constructing New Organizational Identities in a Post-pandemic Return: Managerial Dilemmas in Balancing the Spatial Redesign of Telework with Workplace Dynamics and the External Imperative for Flexibility
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Aksnes, Siri Yde, Underthun, Anders, Hansen, Per Bonde, Bergum, Svein, editor, Peters, Pascale, editor, and Vold, Tone, editor
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- 2023
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28. Tracking freshwater browning and coastal water darkening from boreal forests to the Arctic Ocean
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Anders Frugård Opdal, Tom Andersen, Dag O. Hessen, Christian Lindemann, and Dag L. Aksnes
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Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Abstract The forest cover of Northern Europe has been steadily expanding during the last 120 years. More terrestrial vegetation and carbon fixation leads to more export to surface waters. This may cause freshwater browning, as more degraded plant‐litter ends up as chromophoric (colored) dissolved organic matter. Although most freshwater ultimately drains to coastal waters, the link between freshwater browning and coastal water darkening is poorly understood. Here, we explore this relationship through a combination of centennial records of forest cover and coastal water clarity, contemporary optical measurements in lakes and coastal waters, as well as an ocean drift model. We suggest a link between forest cover in Northern Europe and coastal water clarity in the Baltic, Kattegat, and Skagerrak Sea and show how brown‐colored freshwater from Northern European catchments can dictate coastal water clarity across thousands of kilometers, from the Baltic lakes to the Barents Sea.
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- 2023
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29. Loss of N-terminal acetyltransferase A activity induces thermally unstable ribosomal proteins and increases their turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Ulises H. Guzman, Henriette Aksnes, Rasmus Ree, Nicolai Krogh, Magnus E. Jakobsson, Lars J. Jensen, Thomas Arnesen, and Jesper V. Olsen
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Protein N-terminal (Nt) acetylation is one of the most abundant modifications in eukaryotes, covering ~50-80 % of the proteome, depending on species. Cells with defective Nt-acetylation display a wide array of phenotypes such as impaired growth, mating defects and increased stress sensitivity. However, the pleiotropic nature of these effects has hampered our understanding of the functional impact of protein Nt-acetylation. The main enzyme responsible for Nt-acetylation throughout the eukaryotic kingdom is the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA. Here we employ a multi-dimensional proteomics approach to analyze Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking NatA activity, which causes global proteome remodeling. Pulsed-SILAC experiments reveals that NatA-deficient strains consistently increase degradation of ribosomal proteins compared to wild type. Explaining this phenomenon, thermal proteome profiling uncovers decreased thermostability of ribosomes in NatA-knockouts. Our data are in agreement with a role for Nt-acetylation in promoting stability for parts of the proteome by enhancing the avidity of protein-protein interactions and folding.
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- 2023
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30. Recommendations for a Better Understanding of Sex and Gender in the Neuroscience of Mental Health
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Wierenga, Lara Marise, Ruigrok, Amber, Aksnes, Eira Ranheim, Barth, Claudia, Beck, Dani, Burke, Sarah, Crestol, Arielle, van Drunen, Lina, Ferrara, Maria, Galea, Liisa Ann Margaret, Goddings, Anne-Lise, Hausmann, Markus, Homanen, Inka, Klinge, Ineke, de Lange, Ann-Marie, Geelhoed-Ouwerkerk, Lineke, van der Miesen, Anna, Proppert, Ricarda, Rieble, Carlotta, Tamnes, Christian Krog, and Bos, Marieke Geerte Nynke
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- 2024
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31. Assessing N-terminal acetylation status of cellular proteins via an antibody specific for acetylated methionine
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Larsen, Silje Kathrine, Bekkelund, Åse K., Glomnes, Nina, Arnesen, Thomas, and Aksnes, Henriette
- Published
- 2024
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32. Heterogeneity of treatment effect of higher dose dexamethasone by geographic region (Europe vs. India) in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia – a post hoc evaluation of the COVID STEROID 2 trial
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Munch, Marie W., Myatra, Sheila N., Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar, Saseedharan, Sanjith, Benfield, Thomas, Wahlin, Rebecka R., Rasmussen, Bodil S., Andreasen, Anne Sofie, Poulsen, Lone M., Cioccari, Luca, Khan, Mohd S., Kapadia, Farhad, Divatia, Jigeeshu V., Brøchner, Anne C., Bestle, Morten H., Helleberg, Marie, Michelsen, Jens, Padmanaban, Ajay, Bose, Neeta, Møller, Anders, Borawake, Kapil, Kristiansen, Klaus T., Shukla, Urvi, Chew, Michelle S., Dixit, Subhal, Ulrik, Charlotte S., Amin, Pravin R., Chawla, Rajesh, Wamberg, Christian A., Shah, Mehul S., Darfelt, Iben S., Jørgensen, Vibeke L., Smitt, Margit, Granholm, Anders, Kjær, Maj-Brit N., Møller, Morten H., Meyhoff, Tine S., Vesterlund, Gitte K., Hammond, Naomi E., Micallef, Sharon, Bassi, Abhinav, John, Oommen, Jha, Anubhuti, Cronhjort, Maria, Jakob, Stephan M., Gluud, Christian, Lange, Theis, Kadam, Vaijayanti, Marcussen, Klaus V., Hollenberg, Jacob, Hedman, Anders, Nielsen, Henrik, Schjørring, Olav L., Jensen, Marie Q., Leistner, Jens W., Jonassen, Trine B., Kristensen, Camilla M., Clapp, Esben C., Hjortsø, Carl J.S., Jensen, Thomas S., Halstad, Liv S., Bak, Emilie R.B., Zaabalawi, Reem, Metcalf-Clausen, Matias, Abdi, Suhayb, Hatley, Emma V., Aksnes, Tobias S., Gleipner-Andersen, Emil, Alarcón, A.Felix, Yamin, Gabriel, Heymowski, Adam, Berggren, Anton, la Cour, Kirstine, Weihe, Sarah, Pind, Alison H., Engstrøm, Janus, Jha, Vivekanand, Venkatesh, Balasubramanian, Perner, Anders, Hammond, Naomi, Munch, Marie Warrer, and Møller, Morten Hylander
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- 2024
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33. Gender differences in research performance within and between countries: Italy vs Norway
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Abramo, Giovanni, Aksnes, Dag W., and D'Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea
- Subjects
Computer Science - Digital Libraries - Abstract
In this study, the scientific performance of Italian and Norwegian university professors is analysed using bibliometric indicators. The study is based on over 36,000 individuals and their publication output during the period 2011-2015. Applying a multidimensional indicator in which several aspects of the research performance are captured, we find large differences in the performance of men and women. These gender differences are evident across all analysed levels, such as country, field, and academic position. However, most of the gender differences can be explained by the tails of the distributions-in particular, there is a much higher proportion of men among the top 10% performing scientists. For the remaining 90% of the population, the gender differences are practically non-existent. The results of the two countries, which differ in terms of the societal role of women, are contrasting. Further, we discuss possible biases that are intrinsic in quantitative performance indicators, which might disfavour female researchers.
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- 2021
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34. Qualitative Insights on Barriers to Receiving a Second Dose of Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV2), Oromia Region of Ethiopia
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Kalkidan Solomon, Brooke N. Aksnes, Abyot Bekele Woyessa, Chala Geri, Almea M. Matanock, Monica P. Shah, Paulos Samuel, Bekana Tolera, Birhanu Kenate, Abebe Bekele, Tesfaye Deti, Getachew Wako, Amsalu Shiferaw, Yohannes Lakew Tefera, Melkamu Ayalew Kokebie, Tatek Bogale Anbessie, Habtamu Teklie Wubie, Aaron Wallace, Ciara E. Sugerman, and Mirgissa Kaba
- Subjects
measles ,measles vaccine ,barrier ,qualitative ,Ethiopia ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Ethiopia introduced a second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) in 2019 to provide further protection against measles and further progress toward elimination. However, the sub-optimal coverage of both MCV1 and MCV2 suggest challenges with vaccine uptake. In this qualitative study, we explored barriers to the uptake of MCV2 among caregivers, community leaders, and healthcare workers (HCWs). Method: A qualitative study was conducted between mid-April and mid-May 2021. We selected ten woredas (districts) in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia, stratified by settlement type (urban/rural), MCV1 coverage (high ≥ 80%; low < 80%), and history of measles outbreaks between June 2019 and June 2020. Experiences surrounding barriers to MCV2 uptake were discussed via focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with caregivers of children 12–23 and 24–36 months and key informant interviews (KIIs) with HCWs who administer vaccines and with community leaders. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling. Recorded data were transcribed, translated to English, and analyzed using ATLAS.ti v.09. Results: Forty FGDs and 60 IDIs with caregivers, 60 IDIs with HCWs, and 30 KIIs with community leaders were conducted. Barriers among caregivers included lack of knowledge and awareness about MCV2 and the vaccination schedule, competing priorities, long wait times at health facilities, vaccine unavailability, negative interactions with HCWs, and transportation challenges. At the community level, trusted leaders felt they lacked adequate knowledge about MCV2 to address caretakers’ questions and community misconceptions. HCWs felt additional training on MCV2 would prepare them to better respond to caretakers’ concerns. Health system barriers identified included the lack of human, material, and financial resources to deliver vaccines and provide immunization outreach services, which caretakers reported as their preferred way of accessing immunization. Conclusions: Barriers to MCV2 uptake occur at multiple levels of immunization service delivery. Strategies to address these barriers include tools to help caretakers track appointments, enhanced community engagement, HCW training to improve provider–client interactions and MCV2 knowledge, and efforts to manage HCW workload.
- Published
- 2024
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35. Sex-specific associations of matrix metalloproteinases in Alzheimer’s disease
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Mari Aksnes, Trine H. Edwin, Ingvild Saltvedt, Rannveig S. Eldholm, Farrukh A. Chaudhry, Nathalie B. Halaas, Marius Myrstad, Leiv O. Watne, and Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Subjects
Alzheimer disease ,Biomarkers ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Cognitive decline ,Matrix metalloproteinases ,Neurodegenerative diseases ,Medicine ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be characterised in vivo by biomarkers reflecting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. However, there is a need for biomarkers reflecting additional pathological pathways. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been highlighted as candidate biomarkers for sex-specific mechanisms and progression in AD. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated nine MMPs and four tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the cerebrospinal fluid of 256 memory clinic patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD and 100 cognitively unimpaired age-matched controls. We studied group differences in MMP/TIMP levels and examined the associations with established markers of Aβ and tau pathology as well as disease progression. Further, we studied sex-specific interactions. Results MMP-10 and TIMP-2 levels differed significantly between the memory clinic patients and the cognitively unimpaired controls. Furthermore, MMP- and TIMP-levels were generally strongly associated with tau biomarkers, whereas only MMP-3 and TIMP-4 were associated with Aβ biomarkers; these associations were sex-specific. In terms of progression, we found a trend towards higher MMP-10 at baseline predicting more cognitive and functional decline over time exclusively in women. Conclusion Our results support the use of MMPs/TIMPs as markers of sex differences and progression in AD. Our findings show sex-specific effects of MMP-3 and TIMP-4 on amyloid pathology. Further, this study highlights that the sex-specific effects of MMP-10 on cognitive and functional decline should be studied further if MMP-10 is to be used as a prognostic biomarker for AD.
- Published
- 2023
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36. Global trends in international research collaboration, 1980-2021①
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Aksnes Dag W. and Sivertsen Gunnar
- Subjects
international collaboration ,research collaboration ,team science ,co-authorship ,internationalization ,globalization ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of international research collaboration from 1980 to 2021. The study examines the main global patterns as well as those specific to individual countries, country groups, and different areas of research.
- Published
- 2023
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37. Convolutional neural networks for classification and regression analysis of one-dimensional spectral data
- Author
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Jernelv, Ine L., Hjelme, Dag Roar, Matsuura, Yuji, and Aksnes, Astrid
- Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for image recognition and text analysis, and have been suggested for application on one-dimensional data as a way to reduce the need for pre-processing steps. Pre-processing is an integral part of multivariate analysis, but determination of the optimal pre-processing methods can be time-consuming due to the large number of available methods. In this work, the performance of a CNN was investigated for classification and regression analysis of spectral data. The CNN was compared with various other chemometric methods, including support vector machines (SVMs) for classification and partial least squares regression (PLSR) for regression analysis. The comparisons were made both on raw data, and on data that had gone through pre-processing and/or feature selection methods. The models were used on spectral data acquired with methods based on near-infrared, mid-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. For the classification datasets the models were evaluated based on the percentage of correctly classified observations, while for regression analysis the models were assessed based on the coefficient of determination (R$^2$). Our results show that CNNs can outperform standard chemometric methods, especially for classification tasks where no pre-processing is used. However, both CNN and the standard chemometric methods see improved performance when proper pre-processing and feature selection methods are used. These results demonstrate some of the capabilities and limitations of CNNs used on one-dimensional data., Comment: 10 pages of article, 8 pages of Supplementary Information, 6 figures in article, 3 figures in SI
- Published
- 2020
38. Unveiling the distinctive traits of a nation's research performance: the case of Italy and Norway
- Author
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Abramo, Giovanni, Aksnes, Dag W., and D'Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea
- Subjects
Computer Science - Digital Libraries - Abstract
In this study we are analysing the research performance of Italian and Norwegian professors using constituent components of the Fractional Scientific Strength (FSS) indicator. The main focus is on differences across fields in publication output and citation impact. The overall performance (FSS) of the two countries, which differ considerably in research size and profile, is remarkedly similar. However, an in-depth analysis shows that there are large underlying performance differences. An average Italian professor publishes more papers than a Norwegian, while the citation impact of the research output is higher for the Norwegians. In addition, at field level the pattern varies along both dimensions, and we analyse in which fields each country have their relative strengths. Overall, this study contributes to further insights on how the research performance of different countries may be analysed and compared, to inform research policy., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.02043
- Published
- 2020
39. FTIR-based prediction of collagen content in hydrolyzed protein samples
- Author
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Kristoffersen, Kenneth Aase, Måge, Ingrid, Wubshet, Sileshi Gizachew, Böcker, Ulrike, Riiser Dankel, Katinka, Lislelid, Andreas, Rønningen, Mats Aksnes, and Afseth, Nils Kristian
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Matrix metalloproteinases are associated with brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals
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Aksnes, Mari, Capogna, Elettra, Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac, Chaudhry, Farrukh Abbas, Myrstad, Marius, Idland, Ane-Victoria, Halaas, Nathalie Bodd, Dakhil, Shams, Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, Walhovd, Kristine Beate, Watne, Leiv Otto, and Fjell, Anders Martin
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
41. Global trends in international research collaboration, 1980-2021①.
- Author
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Dag W. Aksnes and Gunnar Sivertsen
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Citation metrics covary with researchers' assessments of the quality of their works.
- Author
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Dag W. Aksnes, Fredrik Niclas Piro, and Lone Wanderås Fossum
- Published
- 2023
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43. Gendering Excellence through Research Productivity Indicators
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Nygaard, Lynn P., Piro, Fredrik N., and Aksnes, Dag W.
- Abstract
As the importance of 'excellence' increases in higher education, so too does the importance of indicators to measure research productivity. We examine how such indicators might disproportionately benefit men by analysing extent to which the separate components of the Norwegian Publication Indicator (NPI), a bibliometric model used to distribute performance-based funding to research institutions, might amplify existing gender gaps in productivity. Drawing from Norwegian bibliometric data for 43,500 individuals, we find that each element of the indicator (weighting based on publication type, publication channel, and international collaboration, as well as fractionalization of co-authorship) has a small, but cumulative effect resulting in women on average receiving 10 per cent fewer publication points than men per publication. In other words, we see a gender gap that is not only caused by a difference in the level of production but is also amplified by the value ascribed to each publication.
- Published
- 2022
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44. Identifying gender disparities in research performance: the importance of comparing apples with apples
- Author
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Nygaard, Lynn P., Aksnes, Dag W., and Piro, Fredrik Niclas
- Subjects
Universities and colleges -- Research ,Female-male relations -- Educational aspects ,Scholars -- Demographic aspects ,Education - Abstract
Many studies on research productivity and performance suggest that men consistently outperform women. However, women and men are spread unevenly throughout the academy both horizontally (e.g., by scientific field) and vertically (e.g., by academic position), suggesting that aggregate numbers (comparing all men with all women) may reflect the different publication practices in different corners of the academy rather than gender per se. We use Norwegian bibliometric data to examine how the 'what' (which publication practices are measured) and the 'who' (how the population sample is disaggregated) matter in assessing apparent gender differences among academics in Norway. We investigate four clusters of indicators related to publication volume, publication type, authorship, and impact or quality (12 indicators in total) and explore how disaggregating the population by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level. For most (but not all) indicators, we find that gender differences disappear or are strongly reduced after disaggregation. This suggests a composition effect, whereby apparent gender differences in productivity can to a considerable degree be ascribed to the composition of the group examined and the different publication practices common to specific groups. We argue that aggregate figures can exaggerate some gender disparities while obscuring others. Our study illustrates the situated nature of research productivity and the importance of comparing men and women within similar academic positions or scientific fields-of comparing apples with apples-when using bibliometric indicators to identify gender disparities in research productivity., Author(s): Lynn P. Nygaard [sup.1] , Dag W. Aksnes [sup.2] , Fredrik Niclas Piro [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.425244.1, 0000 0001 1088 4063, Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), , Oslo, [...]
- Published
- 2022
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45. International migration of researchers and gender imbalance in academia—the case of Norway
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Wendt, Kaja, Gunnes, Hebe, and Aksnes, Dag W.
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- 2022
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46. Retraction of Predatory publishing in Scopus: evidence on cross-country differences lacks justification
- Author
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Abramo, Giovanni, Aguillo, Isidro F., Aksnes, Dag W., Boyack, Kevin, Burrell, Quentin L., Campanario, Juan Miguel, Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida, Costas, Rodrigo, D’Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea, Harzing, Anne-Wil, Jamali, Hamid R., Larivière, Vincent, Leydesdorff, Loet, Luwel, Marc, Martin, Ben, Mayr, Philipp, McCain, Katherine W., Peters, Isabella, Rafols, Ismael, Robinson-Garcia, Nicolas, Schubert, Torben, Small, Henry, Sugimoto, Cassidy R., Thelwall, Mike, van den Besselaar, Peter, van Leeuwen, Thed, and Waltman, Ludo
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Comparison of research productivity of Italian and Norwegian professors and universities
- Author
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Abramo, Giovanni, Aksnes, Dag W., and D'Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea
- Subjects
Computer Science - Digital Libraries - Abstract
This is the first ever attempt of application in a country other than Italy of a research efficiency indicator (FSS), to assess and compare the performance of professors and universities, within and between countries. A special attention has been devoted to the presentation of the methodology developed to set up a common field classification scheme of professors, and to overcome the limited availability of comparable input data. Results of the comparison between countries, carried out in the 2011-2015 period, show similar average performances of professors, but noticeable differences in the distributions, whereby Norwegian professors are more concentrated in the tails. Norway shows notable higher performance in Mathematics and Earth and Space Sciences, while Italy in Biomedical Research and Engineering.
- Published
- 2019
48. Puberty differentially predicts brain maturation in male and female youth: A longitudinal ABCD Study
- Author
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Beck, Dani, Ferschmann, Lia, MacSweeney, Niamh, Norbom, Linn B., Wiker, Thea, Aksnes, Eira, Karl, Valerie, Dégeilh, Fanny, Holm, Madelene, Mills, Kathryn L., Andreassen, Ole A., Agartz, Ingrid, Westlye, Lars T., von Soest, Tilmann, and Tamnes, Christian K.
- Published
- 2023
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49. Retraction of Predatory publishing in Scopus: evidence on cross-country differences lacks justification.
- Author
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Giovanni Abramo, Isidro F. Aguillo, Dag W. Aksnes, Kevin W. Boyack, Quentin L. Burrell, Juan Miguel Campanario, Zaida Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Rodrigo Costas 0001, Ciriaco Andrea D'Angelo, Anne-Wil Harzing, Hamid R. Jamali 0001, Vincent Larivière, Loet Leydesdorff, Marc Luwel, Ben Martin, Philipp Mayr 0001, Katherine W. McCain, Isabella Peters, Ismael Ràfols, Nicolás Robinson-García, Torben Schubert, Henry Small, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Mike Thelwall, Peter van den Besselaar, Thed N. van Leeuwen, and Ludo Waltman
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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50. CDC’s COVID-19 International Vaccine Implementation and Evaluation Program and Lessons from Earlier Vaccine Introductions
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Heidi M. Soeters, Reena H. Doshi, Monica Fleming, Oluwasegun Joel Adegoke, Uzoamaka Ajene, Brooke Noel Aksnes, Sarah Bennett, Erin F. Blau, Julie Garon Carlton, Sara Clements, Laura Conklin, Melissa Dahlke, Lindsey M. Duca, Leora R. Feldstein, Jane F. Gidudu, Gavin Grant, Margaret Hercules, Ledor S. Igboh, Atsuyoshi Ishizumi, Sara Jacenko, Yinka Kerr, Nuadum M. Konne, Shibani Kulkarni, Archana Kumar, Kathryn E. Lafond, Eugene Lam, Ashley T. Longley, Margaret McCarron, Apophia Namageyo-Funa, Nancy Ortiz, Jaymin C. Patel, Robert T. Perry, Dimitri Prybylski, Prianca Reddi, Omar Salman, Courtney N. Sciarratta, Talya Shragai, Akshita Siddula, Ester Sikare, Dieula Delissaint Tchoualeu, Denise Traicoff, Alexandra Tuttle, Kerton R. Victory, Aaron Wallace, Kirsten Ward, Man Kai Alyssa Wong, Weigong Zhou, W. William Schluter, David L. Fitter, Anthony Mounts, Joseph S. Bresee, and Terri B. Hyde
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,viruses ,respiratory infections ,zoonoses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supports international partners in introducing vaccines, including those against SARS-CoV-2 virus. CDC contributes to the development of global technical tools, guidance, and policy for COVID-19 vaccination and has established its COVID-19 International Vaccine Implementation and Evaluation (CIVIE) program. CIVIE supports ministries of health and their partner organizations in developing or strengthening their national capacities for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination programs. CIVIE’s 7 priority areas for country-specific technical assistance are vaccine policy development, program planning, vaccine confidence and demand, data management and use, workforce development, vaccine safety, and evaluation. We discuss CDC’s work on global COVID-19 vaccine implementation, including priorities, challenges, opportunities, and applicable lessons learned from prior experiences with Ebola, influenza, and meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine introductions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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