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Phalloidin is a cyclic heptapeptide containing cysteine amino acids. The toxicity of phallodin is attributed to the sulfur atom of the sulfur in the indole ring of the molecule and it is responsible for acute gastroenteritis occurring during the initial period of poisoning. Pelargonium sidoides, reinforcing the immune system, antiviral, has antibacterial properties as well as antioxidant properties.The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of Pelargonium sidoides and Curcumin against mushroom poisoning.28 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I; Along the study, 0.2 ml saline was administered intraperitoneally to the rats .Group II (phalloidin, 0.5 mg / kg) were administered for 5 days of study. Group III : From the beginning to the end of the study, 0.5 mg / kg phalloidin i.p.,0,2 ml/kg pelargonium sidoides were administered orally. Group IV : From the beginning to the end of the study, 0.5 mg / kg phalloidin intraperitoneally,0.2 ml/kg Curcumin were administered orally.At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed. The blood of the rats was taken. İn serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Paraxonase (PON), Arylesterase (ARE) ,Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) , Xhanthine oxidase (XO),Protein Karbonyl (PC), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), were measured by spectrophotometry.In Group II, MDA, , PC levels and XO activity increased significantly compared to Group I. (pPhalloidin increases toxic ROS. Pelargonium sidoides and Curcumin are antioxidant, antitoxic. And They such as silibin can protective against mushroom poisoning.

We report on doping and undoping experiments of terahertz (THz) emitting intrinsic Josephson junction stacks, where the change in charge carrier concentration is achieved by heavy current injection. The experiments were performed on stand-alone structures fabricated from a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystal near optimal doping. The stacks contained about 930 intrinsic Josephson junctions. On purpose, the doping and undoping experiments were performed over only a modest range of charge carrier concentrations, changing the critical temperature of the stack by less than 1 K. We show that both undoping and doping is feasible also for the large intrinsic Josephson junction stacks used for THz generation. Even moderate changes in doping introduce large changes in the THz emission properties of the stacks. The highest emission power was achieved after doping a pristine sample.

We present a study of cross-whisker junctions with electronically modified tunneling barriers. Cross-whisker junctions were successfully prepared by annealing two crossed Bi-based whisker bars at temperatures of around 840 degrees C. In addition to the artificially produced junction at the interface, intrinsic Josephson junctions in the respective bars of the cross were observed. The artificial junction exhibited reproducible and almost ideal junction characteristics. The tunneling barrier/interface properties were controlled by carrier injection in c-axis direction. Using this process, we were able to reduce the tunneling resistance from 408 Omega to 30 Omega. At the same time, the critical current did rise by a factor of 4. Subsequently, the critical current was doubled while the tunneling resistance stayed constant. We interpret this observation in terms of the counter-play between transparency of the barrier and the carrier concentration of the electrodes. In this sense, we can consider the current injection procedure as an electronic gluing process of the two cross-junction whisker bars.

Bi-2212 superconducting single crystal (nano) whiskers have been fabricated by annealing a melt-quenched (glass) Bi3Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox precursor. A couple of (nano) Whiskers obtained were placed crosswise on a YSZ single crystal substrate and then heat treated at 830 C for 25 minute to form nano-scale junction. The Tc of each nano-whisker was found to be 85 K and the critical current density, Jc, of the whiskers was calculated to be 1177 Acm-2 at zero field. The I-V characteristics of the nano-junction at 30 K were found to show a multiple-branch structure, which is the main behavior of the Josephson junction.

This paper addresses theoretical and practical issues experienced in the construction of Turkish National Corpus (TNC). TNC is designed to be a balanced, large scale (50 million words) and general-purpose corpus for contemporary Turkish. It has benefited Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [108K242] Linguistics; Language & Linguistics Linguistics