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Background: Toenail dystrophies are among the most common diseases in adulthood. Onychomycosis is one of the most frequently observed infectious diseases of the nail. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fungal agents in the etiology of nail dystrophies such as discoloration, thickening, subungual hyperkeratosis, and onycholysis in toenails and to emphasize the importance of diagnosis by other laboratory confirmation tests since various nail diseases may mimic onychomycosis. Subjects and Methods: Nail samples taken from 53 patients who were admitted to the dermatology clinic with the complaint of toenail disorders were examined by using potassium hydroxide mount, fungal culture, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry methods. Each nail was photographed, and descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: Of 53 patients included in the study, 39 were female (73.6%) and 14 were male (26.4%). The ages of the patients ranged from 14 to 70 years, and the mean age was 37.8 years. No fungi could be isolated in 17 (32%) patients with nail dystrophy, while fungal pathogens were observed in 36 (68%) patients on potassium hydroxide mount, culture, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry examinations. Among nondermatophyte molds, Aspergillus species (52.7%) were identified as the most common fungal pathogen causing onychomycosis. Conclusion: Although fungal pathogenic agents are mostly detected among the diseases causing color changes and deformities in the nails, it should be kept in mind that nail findings of systemic or other skin diseases may mimic onychomycosis and the diagnosis should be confirmed by laboratory tests in addition to clinical manifestations for accurate treatment. Study Limitations: Other systemic diseases causing nail dystrophy were not questioned in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the chronic skin diseases with bacterial and perifollicular inflammation in its etiology. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on hormones and food consumption, which are thought to affect this inflammation. Aims: In this study, how effective various possible factors such as food consumption habits and anthropometric measurement are in the etiology and severity of acne was investigated in patients with acne. Materials and Methods: A case‐control study was conducted including 53 acne vulgaris patients and 53 age‐, gender‐, and ethnicity‐matched controls. Each patient's acne score was calculated by a dermatologist ranging from 0‐44 points based on the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) calculation. Dietary intake of milk and dairy products along with carbohydrate, fat, protein ratios and body mass index and body fat percentage were calculated. Statistical evaluation was carried out by calculating 95% confidence interval and prevalence rates between acne vulgaris and food categories. Results: Cheese consumption was higher in the acne vulgaris group than in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference.(P <.05) There was a statistically positive correlation between acne score and carbohydrate consumption (P <.01) and a statistically negative correlation between acne score and fat consumption. (P <.01). Conclusion: In patients with acne vulgaris, it was observed that cheese consumption increased acne formation and carbohydrate consumption increased acne severity, while fat consumption did not increase acne severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There are many endogenous and exogenous factors that cause acne formation. This study aimed to determine whether the acne severity in patients with various age ranges is associated with serum insulin-like growth factor, insulin, and glucose and to identify how much they affect the acne severity., Materials and Methods: In this case-control prospective study, 44 patients with acne vulgaris and 44 age- and gender-matched control subjects without acne were evaluated. Patients and the control group were divided into two age-groups as adolescence and post-adolescence. According to the Global Acne Scoring System (GASS) of the acne group, the acne score grades between 0 and 44 were calculated. The correlations between the IGF-1, insulin, glucose levels, and acne grades were calculated in each group., Results: In our study, the acne scores and serum IGF-1 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients under the age of 21 than patients over the age of 21. There was a statistically significant difference in acne score between the two groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the serum IGF-1, insulin, and glucose levels of the acne group and the control group., Conclusion: In this study, it has been revealed that IGF-1 is effective at the pathogenesis of acne in adolescence., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)