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Using OCTA, investigate the capillary network and retinal layers in granulomatosis with ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) patients who did not manifest apparent ocular involvement and compare the findings with healthy subjects. The present study, which is designed as a prospective and case-control study, includes 22 AAV patients and 35 control participants. OCTA parameters were noted. In most of the regions, AMT, RNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses were significantly lower in the AAV group than in the control group. While the vascular indices were lower in the AAV group, except for the center 1 mm region, the FAZ parameters were similar between the two groups. In AAV patients, subclinical changes in the retinal layers and superficial vascular plexus have been shown. In the future maybe a non-invasive method such as OCTA will become available in scoring systems for prognosis determination in AAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in a healthy population and to detect any changes that occur with age. Methods: A total of 100 healthy participants were included in this prospective, observational, and comparative study. The participants were categorized in 4 groups according to age: Group 1: 21-30 years, Group 2: 31-40 years, Group 3: 41-50 years, Group 4: 51-60 years of age. Mean macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), and the choroidal thickness (ChT), vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and parapapillary perfusion density parameters were recorded and analyzed. Results: In comparisons between groups, no significant difference in OCTA parameters was observed. There were inverse correlations between the outer VD, PD, and intraocular pressure (IOP) (r= -0.307, p=0.006 and r= -0.284, p=0.011, respectively). The correlation between parapapillary perfusion density and IOP was close to being significant (r= -0.213, p=0.059). There were significant relationships between OCTA parameters and macular, RNFL, and GC-IPL thickness. No significant relationship between ChT and OCTA parameters was seen. Conclusion: The size and characteristics of superficial VD, PD, parapapillary perfusion density, and FAZ were determined in a population with standardized demographic and ocular clinical features, and the relationship between these parameters and retinal layers was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to compare the retrospective results of patients on whom silicone intubation was performed using either the monocanalicular or bicanalicular method and for whom probing and lavage procedures had failed for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CLDO). Methods: A total of 47 eyes of 42 patients - 25 females; 17 males - on whom silicone tube intubation was performed due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CLDO) were involved in the study. As part of the study, a monocanalicular tube was placed in 23 of the 47 eyes (1st group), while a bicanalicular tube was placed in 24 of the eyes (2nd group). The average age in the first group was 6.13 years (1-15 years) and 4.51 years (1-15 years) in the second group. Extubation was performed in the postoperative 4.2 month (2-7 months) in the first group and in the postoperative 4.4 month (2-7 months) in the second group. Average length of follow-up of cases was determined to be 10.1 months (6-72 months). Results: The procedure had a success rate of 82% (19 of 23 eyes) in the first group, while the success rate of the procedure conducted in the second group was 79% (19 of 24 eyes), with the difference between the groups determined not to be statistically significant (p=0.76) (Kikare Test). Premature removal of tube was seen in three cases in the first group, with two patients having to be re-intubated and the other not having to be due to the absence of any more complaints. Tube prolapsus from the medial canthal region was seen in two patients from the second group in the second week after operation, resulting in them being extubated in the early period. Pyogenic granuloma was seen in one case in the first group and conjunctivitis in another case in the same group. However, no conjunctival or corneal complications were determined in either patients. Conclusion: The success rate of monocanalicular and bicanalicular silicone tube intubation in patients who had undergone an ineffective probing procedure was determined to be similar, and there was no difference found between the two procedures in terms of their complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical brimonidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) after Neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser posterior capsulotomy. Methods: Forty patients (40 eyes) who underwent posterior capsulotomy were included in the study. Patients were divided into Groups A and B. Topical brimonidine was applied 1 hour prior to and right after laser procedure in Group A. Group B was assessed as control group. Intraocular pressures of the patients were measured using aplanation tonometry (Goldmann) before, 1 hour, 1 day and 1 week after laser procedures. Results: Mean IOP at baseline was 14.7±3 mmHg in Group A and 14.6±3.9 mmHg in Group B. In Group A, IOP decreased to 12.7±3.3 mmHg after 1 hour, 13.7±2.3 mmHg after 1 day, and 14.2±2.3 mmHg after 1 week. The values were measured respectively as 15.1±2.9 mmHg, 14.9±2.1 mmHg, and 14.5±2 mmHg in Group B. IOP had decreased significantly at 1 hour and at 1 day after laser treatment when compared with baseline in Group A; no significant difference was found after 1 week. No statistically significant difference was found during follow-up period compared to baseline in Group B. Conclusion: Use of brimonidine was demonstrated to prevent rise in IOP. In addition, there was no significant IOP increase as result of fewer shots and low energy laser treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate changes in macular thickness, ganglion cell inner plexiform and choroid layer of long term Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients by optical coherence tomography (OCT) who treated with antiretroviral therapy. Matherials and Methods: The study included 50 HIV cases receiving antiretroviral therapy and 50 control groups. Best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examinations were performed in both groups. Macula, optic disc and choroid layer measurements were performed with OCT device. Results: The number of males / females in the HIV group is 37/13 and the average age is 42.7 ± 8.3 years, the number of males / females in the control group is 35/15 and the average age is 42.8 ± 8.1 years. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of age and gender in both groups(P = 0.96, P = 0.76 respectively). Avarage choroidal thickness is 267.5 ± 33.1μ in HIV group and 283.3 ± 24.8 μ in control group.(P=0.008) Average macular thickness is 299.8 ± 12.1 μ in HIV group and 316.1 ± 14.4 μ in control group.(P = 0.001) Retinal nerve fiber thickness is 102.9 ± 10.1 μ in the HIV group and 106.2 ±13.7 μ in the control group.(P = 0.173) Conclusion: HIV patients who received treatment developed thinning in inner retinal layers and choroid layer over time compared to healthy individuals. It suggests that viral particles have degenerative effects on retinal cells by triggering autoimmune reactions. This situation has negative trophic effect on other layers and causes thinning in the macula and choroid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in contralateral eyes of the same patients., Methods: In this retrospective, comparative case series, clinical outcome data included best-corrected visual acuity, refractive spherical equivalent, refractive astigmatism, endothelial cell density, endothelial cell loss, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure, which were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty. Additionally, complications were assessed., Results: Fifty-two eyes (26 patients) were included, of which 19 patients had keratoconus, 6 had stromal dystrophy, and 1 had post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis ectasia. The mean follow-up was 44.1 ± 10.5 months in the deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Group and 47.9 ± 11.9 months in the penetrating keratoplasty Group. No significant differences were observed in the mean best-corrected visual acuity, refractive spherical equivalent, refractive astigmatism, and central corneal thickness between the deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty Groups during follow-up. The endothelial cell density was significantly higher in the deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Group than in the penetrating keratoplasty Group at 24 and 36 months postoperatively (p=0.022 and 0.013, respectively). Endothelial cell loss was significantly lower in the deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Group than in the penetrating keratoplasty Group at 24 and 36 months postoperatively (p=0.025 and 0.001, respectively). Intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Group than in the penetrating keratoplasty Grroup at 6 months postoperatively (p=0.015). Microperforation occurred in 4 eyes (15%) during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty surgery; however, penetrating keratoplasty was not required. No endothelial rejection occurred in the penetrating keratoplasty Group during follow-up., Conclusions: Over the 3-year follow-up, endothelial cell loss and intraocular pressure in the deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Group were significantly lower than those in the penetrating keratoplasty Group, while visual and refractive results were similar.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept in pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) patients with Irvine-Gass syndrome (IGS)., Methods: This study is designed as retrospective consecutive case series. Those who developed postoperative pseudophakic CME that refractory to topical treatment and were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents included in the study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination including central macular thickness (CMT), total macular volume (TMV), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and choroidal thickness (ChT) measurements at the baseline, 1 st , 3 rd and 6 th month controls were performed., Results: Fifty-nine eyes of 59 patients with CME and other healthy eyes of the patients (Control group) were evaluated. There were 22 eyes of 22 patients in the bevacizumab group (group 1), 19 eyes of 19 patients in the ranibizumab group (group 2), and 18 eyes of 18 patients in the aflibercept group (group 3). There was no difference in terms of age, gender, axial length, IOP, and spherical equivalent values. The baseline subfoveal and mean ChT were higher in the IGS group. The difference between the baseline and sixth month values of subfoveal and mean ChT were compared in the CME groups, thinning was observed in all three groups. GCL was thinner in the patient group at the 6th month of treatment. The resolution time of CME was observed faster in group 1., Conclusion: All three anti-VEGF agents seem to be effective in CME but bevacizumab appears to be slightly more cost-effective than the other two alternatives., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Background: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors, clinical features and outcomes of surgery for traumatic wound dehiscence (TWD) following penetrating keratoplasty (PK)., Methods: Twenty-six patients with TWD following PK were evaluated retrospectively in terms of factors related to the trauma, types of reconstructive surgery, final graft clarity, and visual acuity., Results: There were 26 patients with a mean age of 40.7±19.6 years. In 12 (46.1%) patients, the better eye was affected by the trauma. The most frequent type of trauma was blunt trauma by various objects (9). In all cases, the dehiscence was at the graft host junction. The mean extent of detachment was 135.4°±57.6°. Crystalline or intraocular lens damage was present in 42.3% of cases. Median follow-up time after the reconstructive surgery was 36 months. The graft remained clear in 13 (50%) patients, whereas graft insufficiency/graft rejection developed in 13 (50%) patients. Final visual acuity was over 20/200 in 13 (50%) patients., Conclusion: TWD may occur at any time after PK, most frequently within the first postoperative year. Low visual acuity in the other eye seems to be a major risk factor. In patients without major complications such as posterior segment damage, visual outcomes and graft survival can be favorable.